The first sentence on the second paragraph of text 1 “The b...
Texto 1
Call to halve target for added sugar
People need to more than halve their intake of added sugar to tackle the obesity crisis, according to scientific advice for the government in England.
A report by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition
(SACN) says sugar added to food or naturally present in fruit
juice and honey should account for 5% of energy intake.
Many fail to meet the old 10% target. The sugar industry said
“demonizing one ingredient” would not “solve the obesity
epidemic”
The body reviewed 600 scientific studies on the evidence
of carbohydrates – including sugar – on health to develop the
new recommendations. One 330ml can of soft drink would
take a typical adult up to the proposed 5% daily allowance,
without factoring in sugar from any other source.
Prof Ian MacDonald, chairman of the SACN working group
on carbohydrates, said: “The evidence that we have analyzed
shows quite clearly that high free sugars intake in adults is
associated with increased energy intake and obesity. There
is also an association between sugar-sweetened beverages
and type-2 diabetes. In children there is clear demonstration
that sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with obesity.
By reducing it to 5% you would reduce the risk of all of those
things, the challenge will be to get there.”
The target of 5% of energy intake from free sugars
amounts to 25g for women (five to six teaspoons) and 35g
(seven to eight teaspoons) for men, based on the average
diet.
Public Health Minister for England, Jane Ellison, said: “We
know eating too much sugar can have a significant impact on
health, and this advice confirms that. We want to help people
make healthier choices and get the nation into healthy habits
for life. This report will inform the important debate taking
place about sugar.”
(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)
Texto 2
Eating more fruits and veggies won’t make you lose weight
We’re often told to eat more fruits and vegetables, but the
chances that you’ll lose weight just by eating more of these
foods are slim. New research suggests increased fruit and
vegetable intake is only effective for weight loss if you make
an effort to reduce your calorie intake overall.
In other words, you need to exercise or consume fewer
calories to shed those pounds.
Don’t let that stop you from including more fruits and
veggies in your diet, though. Even if they don’t directly help
you lose weight, these foods still provide a number of health
benefits.
(http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com. Adaptado.)
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Tema central da questão:
A questão avalia interpretação de texto com foco na relação de causa e consequência sobre o procedimento do Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) ao criar novas recomendações de consumo de açúcar. O objetivo é testar se o candidato compreende o significado de "reviewed 600 scientific studies", distinguindo isso de realizar, repetir ou replicar estudos científicos.
Explicação do tema e conceito:
Em reading comprehension para concursos, é essencial distinguir entre termos como review (revisar, analisar), replicate (replicar), repeat (repetir) e start from scratch (começar do zero). O texto deixa claro que o SACN não conduziu experimentos próprios, mas analisou estudos já existentes para embasar suas recomendações.
Análise das alternativas:
- A) started their study from scratch: Incorreta. "From scratch" significa iniciar do zero. O texto diz que eles analisaram centenas de estudos existentes, não que começaram do ponto inicial.
- B) repeated many studies all over again: Incorreta. "Repeated" indica que realizaram novamente algo já feito, o que não está no texto. O SACN reviu (reviewed), não repetiu.
- C) analyzed many studies done before its own: Correta! O verbo “analyzed” traduz de forma fiel “reviewed”, e "studies done before" corresponde perfeitamente a estudos prévios analisados, conforme o texto.
- D) replicated many studies before reaching a conclusion: Incorreta. Replicar é fazer igual a outros estudos anteriores, mas o SACN apenas avaliou trabalhos já realizados por terceiros.
- E) spent a long time to reach its own conclusions: Incorreta. O tempo (“spent a long time”) não é citado; o ponto central é o fato de revisarem estudos preexistentes.
Estratégias de resolução:
Fique atento à tradução e ao contexto de verbos-chave. Em provas, termos técnicos similares podem induzir ao erro. Use skimming (ideia geral) e scanning (buscar palavras-chave como “reviewed”, “analyzed”, “studies”) para perceber rapidamente as respostas corretas e evitar pegadinhas — como confundir análise de estudos existentes com execução de novos experimentos.
Em resumo, a alternativa C é a correta pois explica perfeitamente o procedimento adotado pelo SACN. Essa análise da palavra-chave "reviewed" e a distinção entre analisar e realizar estudos é fundamental para ir bem em questões de leitura e interpretação em inglês.
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