Questões de Vestibular
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 5.299 questões
Q1264017
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the Text 1 and answer the question.
The text says that:
Q1264016
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the Text 1 and answer the question.
Mark a correct synonym for “forever” (line 14).
Q1263922
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
FOOTBALL'S RED CARD
THE WORLD'S MOST VALUABLE SPORTS TEAM
IS drowning in debt. English football powerhouse
Manchester United (Forbes estimates its worth at
$1.8 billion) had to raise some $800 million in a
bond issue last month, which is still $340 million shy
of its total debts. Man U needed the bond to pay off
the millions that American businessman
Malcolm Glazer borrowed to purchase the team in
2005. But in the first three weeks since the bond
was issued it lost nearly 10 percent of its value, a
sign that, even though Man U's revenues reached a
record $444 million last year, the market is growing
wary of debt, particularly the European variety
Man U isn't alone. Debt levels have also skyrocketed
among rivals like liverpool, calling into question the
business model of English Premier League football.
Each year the three worst teams are banished to
a lower league, where vital broadcasting revenues
are dramatically reduced. This puts huge pressure
on clubs to compete for the best players, who now
regularly fetch more than $50 million a year. Unlike
in the U.S., there's no system of collective bargaining to restrain wages. As a result, the total salary
bill for the Premier League has risen more than 20
percent since 2008. This has created a vicious cycle
of rising debt among clubs that must spend extravagantly on players to ensure increased revenue. Any
team attempting to be frugal becomes more likely
to end up with lower revenue. It's become a game
of who can spend the most, and it probably won't
end well.
(BY WILLIAM UNDERHILL - Newsweek)
De acordo com o texto, o Manchester United
Q1263921
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
O texto afirma que a cidade de Porto Príncipe está
Q1263919
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
O antropólogo Glenn Smucker
Q1263918
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
De acordo com o texto, o Haiti tenta resolver o
problema das crianças cujos pais morreram no
terremoto
Q1263825
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 08
[...]
Sangram-me o peito, palavras/punhais de um reduzido número de pessoas insensatas que dominam o país e assistem com prazer, na arena dos verdes campos de minha terra, a homens digladiando-se e outros defendendo a utopia; outros, ainda incautos, insanamente ganham o pão de cada dia ao colorir a terra com sangue do irmão.
Meu olhar, ante opaco, adquire a transparência límpida do regato. Minhas retinas fotografam e embaralham cartas e cenas, alegres e tristes.
Cada pessoa ocupa o seu lugar. Existe. Resiste. Luta e revanche; recebe pancadas e flores. Sorriso de rosas; chicotadas traiçoeiras apanham-na, desprevenidamente, ao virar a esquina do tempo.
Importa viver, importa navegar nas naves aventureiras e, sem comparações, viver sua história – de amor? Em julgar ou estabelecer parâmetros para suas ações. [...]
(MARTINS, Maria Teresinha. Rapto de memória. Goiânia: Ed. da PUC Goiás, 2010. p. 75.)
In Martins´s text, she says that “Minhas retinas fotografam e embaralham cartas e cenas, alegres e tristes”. Look at the extracts below and find one which has the closest meaning to Martins´s sentence:
Q1263820
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 07
Gente pisando no calo de gente que bronqueia,
revolta, geme.
– Parado.
Desce um lote de passageiros, levando na face
o marco do trabalho e da esperança.
João, de pé, com as mãos firmes no friso do friso do ônibus, pensa. Seus pensamentos voam às ruas,
correm contrariamente e desaparecem no turbilhão
das avenidas.
João calcula: “Vida miserável, a gente tem disposição, quer trabalhar e não consegue emprego”.
– Parado.
Desce outro lote de passageiros e sobe mais
gente.
Espremido e revoltado, João matuta: “Vida
desgraçada: vinte oito anos, casado, pai de dois filhos,
desempregado, sem casa, sem dinheiro, sem destino”...
O coletivo corre pelo asfalto quente da Avenida Goiás em direção à Praça do Bandeirante, onde os
imponentes edifícios fazem guarda ao travesso Bartolomeu que ameaça incendiar os rios.
(TELES, José Mendonça. João. In: ______. A Cidade do
Ócio. 4. ed. Goiânia: Editora Kelps. 2010, p. 43.)
The sentences “Vida miserável, a gente tem
disposição, quer trabalhar e não consegue emprego”
and “Vida desgraçada: vinte oito anos, casado, pai de
dois filhos, desempregado, sem casa, sem dinheiro, sem
destino” reflect how difficult it is to survive without a
job and money. What is João´s view of his situation?
Q1263813
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 06
Assim também são minhas heranças genéticas. Tenho a paciência guerreira dos Generosos e a ira
implacável dos Grismés.
Os Generosos são a mistura de portugueses,
dos indígenas e dos negros africanos. Meu pai contava que meu avô fora pego no laço: era um selvagem,
porém tinha a mansidão dos rios de navegação e a
esperteza das aves de rapina. Minha avó era negra retinta, embora a bisa casara com um português. Tinha
ela o poder dos séculos, pois herdara a persistência
dos quilombos.
Os Grismés formavam uma dupla mistura: o
branco dos estrangeiros e o amarelo do indígena. [...]
A fusão dos Generosos e dos Grismés resultou
num montão de gente fina. Nem todo mundo corre
para o mesmo lado. São todos assim, como o Araguaia e o Tocantins. Por isso, a dialética é verdadeira:
os opostos se atraem.
(RODRIGUES, Maria Aparecida. Os dois rios. In:_______ .
Cinzas da paixão e outras estórias. Goiânia: Ed. da UCG,
2007. p. 30-31.)
One of the ideas presented in the text 06 above is related to the topic of memories. From the alternatives given below, choose the one which shows the kind of memory presented in the text.
Q1263797
Inglês
Drought is an important element of the plot of Vidas Secas. From the alternatives given below, select the description of drought that best reflects what is going on in the excerpt above.
Q1263789
Inglês
The issues presented by literary texts may differ in
degree and nature from those presented by informational
ones. Choose the best alternative which is only related to
literary texts.
Q1263254
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
According to the text, why does Germany export so little beer to the U.S.?
Q1263253
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
How does Germany protect its beer industry, according to the text?
Q1263252
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
Which of these statements DOES NOT CORRESPOND to information given in the text?
Q1263251
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
Are the statements true (T) or false (F), according to the text?
( ) The United States produces less beer than Germany. ( ) The German steel industry is better organized than the German beer industry. ( ) The German metalworking industry is more productive than the American metalworking industry. ( ) In Germany there are more factories producing beer than in the United States. ( ) 43% of the beer sold in the United States is produced in Germany.
Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
( ) The United States produces less beer than Germany. ( ) The German steel industry is better organized than the German beer industry. ( ) The German metalworking industry is more productive than the American metalworking industry. ( ) In Germany there are more factories producing beer than in the United States. ( ) 43% of the beer sold in the United States is produced in Germany.
Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
Q1263250
Inglês
Texto associado
Lucy’s Big Brother Reveals New Facets of her Species
First came Lucy. Then came Lucy’s baby, an infant of her species. Now comes Lucy’s “big brother”: the partial skeleton of a
large male of Australopithecus afarensis, unveiled this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The roughly
40% complete skeleton has been nicknamed Kadanuumuu, which means “big man” in the Afar language of the Afar Depression of
Ethiopia, where it was found. “It was huge – a big man, with long legs”, says lead author Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a
palaeoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.
Dated to 3.6 million years ago, the new skeleton is almost half a million years older than Lucy and the second oldest
skeleton found of a possible human ancestor. It had long legs and a torso and a pelvis more like those of a modern human than an
African ape, showing that fully upright walking was in place at this early date, Haile-Selassie says. Although headless, the skeleton
also preserves parts not found before in Lucy’s species. “It is important because it provides the ribs and scapula”, says
palaeoanthropologist Carol Ward of the University of Missouri, Columbia.
In 2005, a sharp-eyed member of Haile-Selassie’s team, Alemayehu Asfaw, spotted a fragment of lower arm bone on the
ground at Woranso-Mille, about 48 kilometers north of Lucy’s grave at Hadar. Over the next 4 years, the team unearthed the
shoulder blade, collarbone, ribs, and neck vertebra, the first time those bones were found together in an A. afarensis adult. The
team also found a pelvis, an arm, and leg bones. Although they never found the skull or teeth, which are typically used to assign
species, the skeleton’s age and similarity to Lucy suggest that it belongs to her species, says co-author Owen Lovejoy of Kent State
University in Ohio.
The robust male stood between 1.5 and 1.7 meters tall, about 30% larger than Lucy. Isolated bones of other individuals
suggest that some males were even larger, so the new skeleton doesn’t settle a long-standing debate over just how much sexual
dimorphism there was in A. afarensis, Lovejoy says. The shoulder blade looks more like that of a gorilla and a modern human than
that of a chimpanzee. The curvature of the second rib suggests a wide rib cage at the top and a barrel shape overall, similar to that
of modern humans and distinct from the more funnel-shaped rib cage of a chimpanzee, the authors say.
(Science Magazine, 25 June 2010.)
Why do palaeoanthropologists believe the skeleton may be a human ancestor?
Q1263249
Inglês
Texto associado
Lucy’s Big Brother Reveals New Facets of her Species
First came Lucy. Then came Lucy’s baby, an infant of her species. Now comes Lucy’s “big brother”: the partial skeleton of a
large male of Australopithecus afarensis, unveiled this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The roughly
40% complete skeleton has been nicknamed Kadanuumuu, which means “big man” in the Afar language of the Afar Depression of
Ethiopia, where it was found. “It was huge – a big man, with long legs”, says lead author Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a
palaeoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.
Dated to 3.6 million years ago, the new skeleton is almost half a million years older than Lucy and the second oldest
skeleton found of a possible human ancestor. It had long legs and a torso and a pelvis more like those of a modern human than an
African ape, showing that fully upright walking was in place at this early date, Haile-Selassie says. Although headless, the skeleton
also preserves parts not found before in Lucy’s species. “It is important because it provides the ribs and scapula”, says
palaeoanthropologist Carol Ward of the University of Missouri, Columbia.
In 2005, a sharp-eyed member of Haile-Selassie’s team, Alemayehu Asfaw, spotted a fragment of lower arm bone on the
ground at Woranso-Mille, about 48 kilometers north of Lucy’s grave at Hadar. Over the next 4 years, the team unearthed the
shoulder blade, collarbone, ribs, and neck vertebra, the first time those bones were found together in an A. afarensis adult. The
team also found a pelvis, an arm, and leg bones. Although they never found the skull or teeth, which are typically used to assign
species, the skeleton’s age and similarity to Lucy suggest that it belongs to her species, says co-author Owen Lovejoy of Kent State
University in Ohio.
The robust male stood between 1.5 and 1.7 meters tall, about 30% larger than Lucy. Isolated bones of other individuals
suggest that some males were even larger, so the new skeleton doesn’t settle a long-standing debate over just how much sexual
dimorphism there was in A. afarensis, Lovejoy says. The shoulder blade looks more like that of a gorilla and a modern human than
that of a chimpanzee. The curvature of the second rib suggests a wide rib cage at the top and a barrel shape overall, similar to that
of modern humans and distinct from the more funnel-shaped rib cage of a chimpanzee, the authors say.
(Science Magazine, 25 June 2010.)
Why do palaeoanthropologists believe the skeleton belongs to the species A. afarensis?
Q1263248
Inglês
Texto associado
Lucy’s Big Brother Reveals New Facets of her Species
First came Lucy. Then came Lucy’s baby, an infant of her species. Now comes Lucy’s “big brother”: the partial skeleton of a
large male of Australopithecus afarensis, unveiled this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The roughly
40% complete skeleton has been nicknamed Kadanuumuu, which means “big man” in the Afar language of the Afar Depression of
Ethiopia, where it was found. “It was huge – a big man, with long legs”, says lead author Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a
palaeoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.
Dated to 3.6 million years ago, the new skeleton is almost half a million years older than Lucy and the second oldest
skeleton found of a possible human ancestor. It had long legs and a torso and a pelvis more like those of a modern human than an
African ape, showing that fully upright walking was in place at this early date, Haile-Selassie says. Although headless, the skeleton
also preserves parts not found before in Lucy’s species. “It is important because it provides the ribs and scapula”, says
palaeoanthropologist Carol Ward of the University of Missouri, Columbia.
In 2005, a sharp-eyed member of Haile-Selassie’s team, Alemayehu Asfaw, spotted a fragment of lower arm bone on the
ground at Woranso-Mille, about 48 kilometers north of Lucy’s grave at Hadar. Over the next 4 years, the team unearthed the
shoulder blade, collarbone, ribs, and neck vertebra, the first time those bones were found together in an A. afarensis adult. The
team also found a pelvis, an arm, and leg bones. Although they never found the skull or teeth, which are typically used to assign
species, the skeleton’s age and similarity to Lucy suggest that it belongs to her species, says co-author Owen Lovejoy of Kent State
University in Ohio.
The robust male stood between 1.5 and 1.7 meters tall, about 30% larger than Lucy. Isolated bones of other individuals
suggest that some males were even larger, so the new skeleton doesn’t settle a long-standing debate over just how much sexual
dimorphism there was in A. afarensis, Lovejoy says. The shoulder blade looks more like that of a gorilla and a modern human than
that of a chimpanzee. The curvature of the second rib suggests a wide rib cage at the top and a barrel shape overall, similar to that
of modern humans and distinct from the more funnel-shaped rib cage of a chimpanzee, the authors say.
(Science Magazine, 25 June 2010.)
Where was the skeleton found?
Q1263247
Inglês
Texto associado
Lucy’s Big Brother Reveals New Facets of her Species
First came Lucy. Then came Lucy’s baby, an infant of her species. Now comes Lucy’s “big brother”: the partial skeleton of a
large male of Australopithecus afarensis, unveiled this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The roughly
40% complete skeleton has been nicknamed Kadanuumuu, which means “big man” in the Afar language of the Afar Depression of
Ethiopia, where it was found. “It was huge – a big man, with long legs”, says lead author Yohannes Haile-Selassie, a
palaeoanthropologist at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio.
Dated to 3.6 million years ago, the new skeleton is almost half a million years older than Lucy and the second oldest
skeleton found of a possible human ancestor. It had long legs and a torso and a pelvis more like those of a modern human than an
African ape, showing that fully upright walking was in place at this early date, Haile-Selassie says. Although headless, the skeleton
also preserves parts not found before in Lucy’s species. “It is important because it provides the ribs and scapula”, says
palaeoanthropologist Carol Ward of the University of Missouri, Columbia.
In 2005, a sharp-eyed member of Haile-Selassie’s team, Alemayehu Asfaw, spotted a fragment of lower arm bone on the
ground at Woranso-Mille, about 48 kilometers north of Lucy’s grave at Hadar. Over the next 4 years, the team unearthed the
shoulder blade, collarbone, ribs, and neck vertebra, the first time those bones were found together in an A. afarensis adult. The
team also found a pelvis, an arm, and leg bones. Although they never found the skull or teeth, which are typically used to assign
species, the skeleton’s age and similarity to Lucy suggest that it belongs to her species, says co-author Owen Lovejoy of Kent State
University in Ohio.
The robust male stood between 1.5 and 1.7 meters tall, about 30% larger than Lucy. Isolated bones of other individuals
suggest that some males were even larger, so the new skeleton doesn’t settle a long-standing debate over just how much sexual
dimorphism there was in A. afarensis, Lovejoy says. The shoulder blade looks more like that of a gorilla and a modern human than
that of a chimpanzee. The curvature of the second rib suggests a wide rib cage at the top and a barrel shape overall, similar to that
of modern humans and distinct from the more funnel-shaped rib cage of a chimpanzee, the authors say.
(Science Magazine, 25 June 2010.)
Are the statements true (T) or false (F), according to the text?
( ) The new skeleton was really Lucy’s brother. ( ) The new skeleton is almost 100% complete. ( ) The new skeleton is larger than that of Lucy. ( ) The new skeleton is similar to a chimpanzee. ( ) The team spent four years excavating for bones.
Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
( ) The new skeleton was really Lucy’s brother. ( ) The new skeleton is almost 100% complete. ( ) The new skeleton is larger than that of Lucy. ( ) The new skeleton is similar to a chimpanzee. ( ) The team spent four years excavating for bones.
Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês 1 |
Q1262859
Inglês
Disponível em: <http://commontragedies.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/mad-as-hell.jpg>Acesso em: 10 jun. 2010.
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