Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

Foram encontradas 2.309 questões

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Q1399544
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399544 Inglês
High-risk areas downhill from mining dams in Brazil
     More than 100,000 Brazilians live downhill from mining dams built like the one in Brumadinho that collapsed last month, our estimates found.
   Brazil counts 87 mining dams built using the same method, known as upstream tailings construction, as the one that collapsed. That design is risky if not monitored carefully, and experts have warned that a collapse could happen again in a country where neither the mining industry nor regulators have the situation under control.
     We looked at each of the 87 upstream dams to estimate if it could threaten populated areas, using geospatial analysis to estimate where the mud could flow if each of the dams failed. For at least 27 of those dams, more than 1,000 people live in high-risk areas. That means they are downhill from the dam and within eight kilometers — the distance the mud flowed after the Brumadinho collapse.
     All of those dams were rated by the government at the same risk level, or worse, as the dam that failed in Brumadinho.
     “I wouldn’t buy a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion,” said William F. Marcuson III, a former president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. “And I wouldn’t allow my mother to rent or live in a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion.”               
      Minas Gerais, a state whose name means “general mines”, has been the hub of Brazil’s mining industry for centuries. Today, it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output.

Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/14/world/americas/brumadinho-brazildam-collapse.html?smid=pl-share
In agreement with the text, the word output in the sentence: “Today, it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output”, last paragraph, infers the idea of:
Alternativas
Q1399543
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399543 Inglês
High-risk areas downhill from mining dams in Brazil
     More than 100,000 Brazilians live downhill from mining dams built like the one in Brumadinho that collapsed last month, our estimates found.
   Brazil counts 87 mining dams built using the same method, known as upstream tailings construction, as the one that collapsed. That design is risky if not monitored carefully, and experts have warned that a collapse could happen again in a country where neither the mining industry nor regulators have the situation under control.
     We looked at each of the 87 upstream dams to estimate if it could threaten populated areas, using geospatial analysis to estimate where the mud could flow if each of the dams failed. For at least 27 of those dams, more than 1,000 people live in high-risk areas. That means they are downhill from the dam and within eight kilometers — the distance the mud flowed after the Brumadinho collapse.
     All of those dams were rated by the government at the same risk level, or worse, as the dam that failed in Brumadinho.
     “I wouldn’t buy a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion,” said William F. Marcuson III, a former president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. “And I wouldn’t allow my mother to rent or live in a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion.”               
      Minas Gerais, a state whose name means “general mines”, has been the hub of Brazil’s mining industry for centuries. Today, it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output.

Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/14/world/americas/brumadinho-brazildam-collapse.html?smid=pl-share
All alternatives are in accordance with the text, EXCEPT:
Alternativas
Q1399542
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399542 Inglês
High-risk areas downhill from mining dams in Brazil
     More than 100,000 Brazilians live downhill from mining dams built like the one in Brumadinho that collapsed last month, our estimates found.
   Brazil counts 87 mining dams built using the same method, known as upstream tailings construction, as the one that collapsed. That design is risky if not monitored carefully, and experts have warned that a collapse could happen again in a country where neither the mining industry nor regulators have the situation under control.
     We looked at each of the 87 upstream dams to estimate if it could threaten populated areas, using geospatial analysis to estimate where the mud could flow if each of the dams failed. For at least 27 of those dams, more than 1,000 people live in high-risk areas. That means they are downhill from the dam and within eight kilometers — the distance the mud flowed after the Brumadinho collapse.
     All of those dams were rated by the government at the same risk level, or worse, as the dam that failed in Brumadinho.
     “I wouldn’t buy a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion,” said William F. Marcuson III, a former president of the American Society of Civil Engineers. “And I wouldn’t allow my mother to rent or live in a home downstream of a tailings dam built in an upstream fashion.”               
      Minas Gerais, a state whose name means “general mines”, has been the hub of Brazil’s mining industry for centuries. Today, it still produces 53 percent of the country’s mining output.

Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/14/world/americas/brumadinho-brazildam-collapse.html?smid=pl-share
According to the text, it is CORRECT to affirm:
Alternativas
Q1399540
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399540 Inglês
PRAY WITH THE POPE, FROM YOUR IPHONE
    "Click to pray" are not words you'd expect to come out of the pope's mouth.
    But that's what onlookers heard during the traditional Sunday address from Pope Francis, as he introduced ClickToPray, an app for communal prayer aimed at young people.
   "The Internet and social media are a resource of our time," the pope said. From a balcony overlooking St. Peter's Square, Francis then gestured to a tablet. Father Frédéric Fornos, international director of the pope's Worldwide Prayer Network, held up the device for the crowd to see.
    "Here," Francis said, "I'll insert the intentions and the prayer requests for the mission of the Church." He tapped the screen several times before glancing up at Fornos.
    "Did I do it?" he asked.
    The pope has made earnest efforts to embrace technology, tweeting frequently and calling the Web "a gift from God." Now he's given his followers a convenient way to turn on their smart devices and see what the leader of the Catholic Church is praying for at any given time.
    "Pray every day," reads the app when it opens. "Pray together with others. Give to the community."
      More than 18,000 people have clicked on the pope's prayer intention for January. The prayer, "Young People and the Example of Mary," focuses on young Catholics, especially in Latin America.         But the app is more democratic than the pope's Sunday address, with a timeline of prayers from other users that you can scroll through, similar to a social media feed. People write prayers for weddings, celebrations, illnesses and more, and others can click to pray with them or leave a comment.
       A prayer in English asks for employment "where I can make a difference," while another in Italian seeks an end to international borders. Prayers in Spanish, French, Portuguese and German have also been posted to the app, ranging from precise requests to generic expressions of love and fraternity.
       In his address, Pope Francis specifically called on young people to download the app. The pope has long sought to make the Church relevant for younger generations, as the proportion of Catholics declines across the world. […]

Available at: https://www.npr.org/2019/01/20/687001314/pray-with-the-pope-fromyour-iphone 
According to the text, it is INCORRECT to affirm:
Alternativas
Q1399539
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399539 Inglês
PRAY WITH THE POPE, FROM YOUR IPHONE
    "Click to pray" are not words you'd expect to come out of the pope's mouth.
    But that's what onlookers heard during the traditional Sunday address from Pope Francis, as he introduced ClickToPray, an app for communal prayer aimed at young people.
   "The Internet and social media are a resource of our time," the pope said. From a balcony overlooking St. Peter's Square, Francis then gestured to a tablet. Father Frédéric Fornos, international director of the pope's Worldwide Prayer Network, held up the device for the crowd to see.
    "Here," Francis said, "I'll insert the intentions and the prayer requests for the mission of the Church." He tapped the screen several times before glancing up at Fornos.
    "Did I do it?" he asked.
    The pope has made earnest efforts to embrace technology, tweeting frequently and calling the Web "a gift from God." Now he's given his followers a convenient way to turn on their smart devices and see what the leader of the Catholic Church is praying for at any given time.
    "Pray every day," reads the app when it opens. "Pray together with others. Give to the community."
      More than 18,000 people have clicked on the pope's prayer intention for January. The prayer, "Young People and the Example of Mary," focuses on young Catholics, especially in Latin America.         But the app is more democratic than the pope's Sunday address, with a timeline of prayers from other users that you can scroll through, similar to a social media feed. People write prayers for weddings, celebrations, illnesses and more, and others can click to pray with them or leave a comment.
       A prayer in English asks for employment "where I can make a difference," while another in Italian seeks an end to international borders. Prayers in Spanish, French, Portuguese and German have also been posted to the app, ranging from precise requests to generic expressions of love and fraternity.
       In his address, Pope Francis specifically called on young people to download the app. The pope has long sought to make the Church relevant for younger generations, as the proportion of Catholics declines across the world. […]

Available at: https://www.npr.org/2019/01/20/687001314/pray-with-the-pope-fromyour-iphone 
Referring to the text, the word address in the sentence: “…traditional Sunday address from Pope Francis”, 2nd paragraph, is related to all the following alternatives, EXCEPT:
Alternativas
Q1399538
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: COPESE - UFT Órgão: UFT Prova: COPESE - UFT - 2019 - UFT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre - Língua Portuguesa, Inglês e Matemática |
Q1399538 Inglês
PRAY WITH THE POPE, FROM YOUR IPHONE
    "Click to pray" are not words you'd expect to come out of the pope's mouth.
    But that's what onlookers heard during the traditional Sunday address from Pope Francis, as he introduced ClickToPray, an app for communal prayer aimed at young people.
   "The Internet and social media are a resource of our time," the pope said. From a balcony overlooking St. Peter's Square, Francis then gestured to a tablet. Father Frédéric Fornos, international director of the pope's Worldwide Prayer Network, held up the device for the crowd to see.
    "Here," Francis said, "I'll insert the intentions and the prayer requests for the mission of the Church." He tapped the screen several times before glancing up at Fornos.
    "Did I do it?" he asked.
    The pope has made earnest efforts to embrace technology, tweeting frequently and calling the Web "a gift from God." Now he's given his followers a convenient way to turn on their smart devices and see what the leader of the Catholic Church is praying for at any given time.
    "Pray every day," reads the app when it opens. "Pray together with others. Give to the community."
      More than 18,000 people have clicked on the pope's prayer intention for January. The prayer, "Young People and the Example of Mary," focuses on young Catholics, especially in Latin America.         But the app is more democratic than the pope's Sunday address, with a timeline of prayers from other users that you can scroll through, similar to a social media feed. People write prayers for weddings, celebrations, illnesses and more, and others can click to pray with them or leave a comment.
       A prayer in English asks for employment "where I can make a difference," while another in Italian seeks an end to international borders. Prayers in Spanish, French, Portuguese and German have also been posted to the app, ranging from precise requests to generic expressions of love and fraternity.
       In his address, Pope Francis specifically called on young people to download the app. The pope has long sought to make the Church relevant for younger generations, as the proportion of Catholics declines across the world. […]

Available at: https://www.npr.org/2019/01/20/687001314/pray-with-the-pope-fromyour-iphone 
In accordance with the text, it is CORRECT to affirm:
Alternativas
Q1396738
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2019 - IF-PR - Vestibular - Cursos Superiores |
Q1396738 Inglês

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 


Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET


        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

According to the text, it is correct to say:
Alternativas
Q1396737
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2019 - IF-PR - Vestibular - Cursos Superiores |
Q1396737 Inglês

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 


Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET


        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

Who discovered the shipwreck?
Alternativas
Q1396736
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2019 - IF-PR - Vestibular - Cursos Superiores |
Q1396736 Inglês

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 


Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET


        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

Why is the ship still largely intact?
Alternativas
Q1396735
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2019 - IF-PR - Vestibular - Cursos Superiores |
Q1396735 Inglês

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 


Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET


        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

When was the shipwreck first discovered?
Alternativas
Q1396734
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2019 - IF-PR - Vestibular - Cursos Superiores |
Q1396734 Inglês

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 


Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET


        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

The word "shipwreck" appears in the title and in the first paragraph of the text. What is the best definition of "shipwreck"?
Alternativas
Q1391679
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391679 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

How we learn things shapes our memory

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
When it comes to storing, retrieving and forgetting information
Alternativas
Q1391678
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391678 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

How we learn things shapes our memory

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
Generally speaking
Alternativas
Q1391677
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391677 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

How we learn things shapes our memory

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
According to the text
Alternativas
Q1391676
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391676 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial.

Abstract

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

Adaptado de:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1973470> Acessado
em 27 de outubro de 2017.
In “Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression…” may expresses:
Alternativas
Q1391675
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391675 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial.

Abstract

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

Adaptado de:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1973470> Acessado
em 27 de outubro de 2017.
The research conducted showed that
Alternativas
Q1391458
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: UEG Órgão: UEG Prova: UEG - 2019 - UEG - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1391458 Inglês

Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão .


Imagem associada para resolução da questão


According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the 

Alternativas
Q1391455
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: UEG Órgão: UEG Prova: UEG - 2019 - UEG - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1391455 Inglês
This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


           Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
    Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
        These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

Energy shift

       Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
          For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
        At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
         Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
         Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
          Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que
Alternativas
Q1387241
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Esamc Órgão: Esamc Prova: Esamc - 2019 - Esamc - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1387241 Inglês
Considere o texto a seguir para a questão.

Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
By Jean Seaton - 7 May 2018

    The book, with its disorientating first sentence, “It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen”, defines the peculiar characteristics of modern tyranny. In 1984 television screens watch you, and everyone spies on everyone else. Today it is social media that collects every gesture, purchase, comment we make online, and feeds an omniscient presence in our lives that can predict our every preference. Modelled on consumer choices, where the user is the commodity that is being marketed, the harvesting of those preferences for political campaigns is now distorting democracy.

    But the greatest horror in Orwell’s dystopia is the systematic stripping of meaning out of language. The regime aims to eradicate words and the ideas and feelings they embody. Its real enemy is reality. Tyrannies attempt to make understanding the real world impossible: seeking to replace it with phantoms and lies.

(Adaptado de: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/ 20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now - Acessado em: 11/03/2019.
. A partir da leitura do segundo parágrafo do texto, pode-se concluir que
Alternativas
Q1387240
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2019 Banca: Esamc Órgão: Esamc Prova: Esamc - 2019 - Esamc - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1387240 Inglês
Considere o texto a seguir para a questão.

Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
By Jean Seaton - 7 May 2018

    The book, with its disorientating first sentence, “It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen”, defines the peculiar characteristics of modern tyranny. In 1984 television screens watch you, and everyone spies on everyone else. Today it is social media that collects every gesture, purchase, comment we make online, and feeds an omniscient presence in our lives that can predict our every preference. Modelled on consumer choices, where the user is the commodity that is being marketed, the harvesting of those preferences for political campaigns is now distorting democracy.

    But the greatest horror in Orwell’s dystopia is the systematic stripping of meaning out of language. The regime aims to eradicate words and the ideas and feelings they embody. Its real enemy is reality. Tyrannies attempt to make understanding the real world impossible: seeking to replace it with phantoms and lies.

(Adaptado de: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/ 20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now - Acessado em: 11/03/2019.
De acordo com o texto, os mecanismos por trás das mídias sociais
Alternativas
Respostas
541: B
542: D
543: C
544: A
545: D
546: C
547: A
548: D
549: C
550: B
551: C
552: B
553: D
554: A
555: E
556: C
557: B
558: C
559: A
560: C
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