Questões de Vestibular
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 2.261 questões
Ano: 2010
Banca:
FUVEST
Órgão:
FUVEST
Q1268036
Inglês
Texto associado
Texto para a questão
As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your
muscles get flaccid. What most people don’t realize,
however, is that your brain also stays in better shape
when you exercise.
Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive
machinery by performing mentally demanding activities –
popularly termed the “use it or lose it” hypothesis – is
better known, a review of dozens of studies shows that
maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other
things you do – including participating in activities that
make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially
engaged and even having a positive attitude – have a
meaningful influence on how effective your cognitive
functioning will be in old age.
www.scientificamerican.com/article.
Acessado em 06/07/2009. Adaptado.
O texto informa que
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264273
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
About the trains it is correct to say that
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264272
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
The pronoun “its”on sentence 03, in the 2nd
paragraph refers to
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264271
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
The text suggests visiting
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264270
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
According to the text, the place where the
royal family gets married is
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
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Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264269
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
Mark the places not suggested to be visited in
the city
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264266
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
The number of guests the city gets is
Ano: 2010
Banca:
UNICENTRO
Órgão:
UNICENTRO
Prova:
UNICENTRO - 2010 - UNICENTRO - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q1264265
Inglês
Texto associado
VISITING LONDON
Today, more than 6.000.000 people live in London
and every year, more than nine million people
come from countries all over the world to visit the
city.
A quick and easy way to get to different places in
the city is to use an Underground train. The trains
run all day and most of the night. You can see
much more of London from one of its famous red
buses. There are some special buses for visitors
that take you to many of the interesting places in
the city on one journey that takes about one and a
half hour. London taxis are called ‘black cabs’.
Most of them are black but some are not. The
drivers are friendly and helpful. It’s also possible to
take a long boat trip along the River Thames and
see lovely places in London and out of the city.
London has interesting old buildings to visit, many
of them are hundreds of years old: The
Buckingham Palace – the home of the Queen; the
Tower Bridge – opened in 1894, The Houses of
the Parliament – the home of the British
government and beautiful churches: St. Paul’s
Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This abbey is
where many kings and queens are crowned – or
get the throne – and where the royal family get
married.
London has beautiful parks and gardens, theatres,
museums and art galleries. There are also streets
with famous shops and markets and international
restaurants and English pubs where you can drink
the English beer. The typical English food is fish
and chips. They’re cheap and good to eat. But
there are many, many more things to see and do
in London. Come and see!
(Adapted from London Factfiles – J. Escott – Oxford
Bookworms 1)
The text is mainly
Q1263922
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
FOOTBALL'S RED CARD
THE WORLD'S MOST VALUABLE SPORTS TEAM
IS drowning in debt. English football powerhouse
Manchester United (Forbes estimates its worth at
$1.8 billion) had to raise some $800 million in a
bond issue last month, which is still $340 million shy
of its total debts. Man U needed the bond to pay off
the millions that American businessman
Malcolm Glazer borrowed to purchase the team in
2005. But in the first three weeks since the bond
was issued it lost nearly 10 percent of its value, a
sign that, even though Man U's revenues reached a
record $444 million last year, the market is growing
wary of debt, particularly the European variety
Man U isn't alone. Debt levels have also skyrocketed
among rivals like liverpool, calling into question the
business model of English Premier League football.
Each year the three worst teams are banished to
a lower league, where vital broadcasting revenues
are dramatically reduced. This puts huge pressure
on clubs to compete for the best players, who now
regularly fetch more than $50 million a year. Unlike
in the U.S., there's no system of collective bargaining to restrain wages. As a result, the total salary
bill for the Premier League has risen more than 20
percent since 2008. This has created a vicious cycle
of rising debt among clubs that must spend extravagantly on players to ensure increased revenue. Any
team attempting to be frugal becomes more likely
to end up with lower revenue. It's become a game
of who can spend the most, and it probably won't
end well.
(BY WILLIAM UNDERHILL - Newsweek)
De acordo com o texto, o Manchester United
Q1263921
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
O texto afirma que a cidade de Porto Príncipe está
Q1263919
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
O antropólogo Glenn Smucker
Q1263918
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto para responder a
questão.
HAITI'S INDENTURED CHIlDREN
THE DAYS AFTER HAITI'S EARTHQUAKE brought
joyous reunions for some families. Others faced the grim
reality that they'd been suddenly robbed of parents or offspring. But for Haiti's 225,000 restaveks, or indentured children, the quake brought only an uncertain future.
Slavery-which ended with independence in 1804-is illegal in Haiti. And technically, restaveks are not slaves.
The institution has its roots in the Caribbean tradition of
child lending between families (usually relatives) to pitch
in with extra work, care for the elderly or sick, or to provide
opportunity to a child from a poor family. Generally, rural
parents send their children to live with wealthier families
in the cities. In exchange for domestic labor, the children
are supposed to receive lodging, food, clothing, medicine, and-most importantly-education. In as many as half of
the cases, they do (though classifying treatment in private
homes is notoriously difficult). The unlucky ones, called
restaveks-from the French rester avec, or "to stay with"
-are loaned through normal channels but denied schooling
and subject to abuse and degradation. This phenomenon
has spiked in modern Haiti, as more and more children
end up with equally impoverished families in the slums.
Before the quake, up to 22 percent of Haitian homes contained restaveks, according to a study funded by USAID.
Keeping restaveks is illegal, but child loans are not and,
given the extent of Haiti's governmental dysfunction, it's
hard to tell which cases are which. Now that the quake
has thrown family networks into disarray, the flimsy social
ties supporting restaveks are likely to break down. "For
families struggling in the wake of a catastrophe, restavek
kids are the first to go; says Glenn Smucker, an anthropologist who specializes in development work in Haiti. "Their
parents are not there to watch out for them, so they're far
more vulnerable" to desertion and trafficking.
But even as the numbers of abandoned restaveks swell,
the demand for their services is likely to decrease. A mass
exodus of residents from Port-au-Prince is reversing decades of migratory trends. If the shift sticks, it means there
will be less need for restaveks in the city. But it's also possible that families suffering from the quake's economic aftershocks will feel extra pressure to lend out their children,
even as it becomes more likely they'll end up as restaveks.
Which, combined with a spike in new orphans, means Haiti will likely see a rise in the number of its street children in
the years to come.
(By Katie Paul - Newsweek)
De acordo com o texto, o Haiti tenta resolver o
problema das crianças cujos pais morreram no
terremoto
Q1263825
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 08
[...]
Sangram-me o peito, palavras/punhais de um reduzido número de pessoas insensatas que dominam o país e assistem com prazer, na arena dos verdes campos de minha terra, a homens digladiando-se e outros defendendo a utopia; outros, ainda incautos, insanamente ganham o pão de cada dia ao colorir a terra com sangue do irmão.
Meu olhar, ante opaco, adquire a transparência límpida do regato. Minhas retinas fotografam e embaralham cartas e cenas, alegres e tristes.
Cada pessoa ocupa o seu lugar. Existe. Resiste. Luta e revanche; recebe pancadas e flores. Sorriso de rosas; chicotadas traiçoeiras apanham-na, desprevenidamente, ao virar a esquina do tempo.
Importa viver, importa navegar nas naves aventureiras e, sem comparações, viver sua história – de amor? Em julgar ou estabelecer parâmetros para suas ações. [...]
(MARTINS, Maria Teresinha. Rapto de memória. Goiânia: Ed. da PUC Goiás, 2010. p. 75.)
In Martins´s text, she says that “Minhas retinas fotografam e embaralham cartas e cenas, alegres e tristes”. Look at the extracts below and find one which has the closest meaning to Martins´s sentence:
Q1263820
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 07
Gente pisando no calo de gente que bronqueia,
revolta, geme.
– Parado.
Desce um lote de passageiros, levando na face
o marco do trabalho e da esperança.
João, de pé, com as mãos firmes no friso do friso do ônibus, pensa. Seus pensamentos voam às ruas,
correm contrariamente e desaparecem no turbilhão
das avenidas.
João calcula: “Vida miserável, a gente tem disposição, quer trabalhar e não consegue emprego”.
– Parado.
Desce outro lote de passageiros e sobe mais
gente.
Espremido e revoltado, João matuta: “Vida
desgraçada: vinte oito anos, casado, pai de dois filhos,
desempregado, sem casa, sem dinheiro, sem destino”...
O coletivo corre pelo asfalto quente da Avenida Goiás em direção à Praça do Bandeirante, onde os
imponentes edifícios fazem guarda ao travesso Bartolomeu que ameaça incendiar os rios.
(TELES, José Mendonça. João. In: ______. A Cidade do
Ócio. 4. ed. Goiânia: Editora Kelps. 2010, p. 43.)
The sentences “Vida miserável, a gente tem
disposição, quer trabalhar e não consegue emprego”
and “Vida desgraçada: vinte oito anos, casado, pai de
dois filhos, desempregado, sem casa, sem dinheiro, sem
destino” reflect how difficult it is to survive without a
job and money. What is João´s view of his situation?
Q1263813
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 06
Assim também são minhas heranças genéticas. Tenho a paciência guerreira dos Generosos e a ira
implacável dos Grismés.
Os Generosos são a mistura de portugueses,
dos indígenas e dos negros africanos. Meu pai contava que meu avô fora pego no laço: era um selvagem,
porém tinha a mansidão dos rios de navegação e a
esperteza das aves de rapina. Minha avó era negra retinta, embora a bisa casara com um português. Tinha
ela o poder dos séculos, pois herdara a persistência
dos quilombos.
Os Grismés formavam uma dupla mistura: o
branco dos estrangeiros e o amarelo do indígena. [...]
A fusão dos Generosos e dos Grismés resultou
num montão de gente fina. Nem todo mundo corre
para o mesmo lado. São todos assim, como o Araguaia e o Tocantins. Por isso, a dialética é verdadeira:
os opostos se atraem.
(RODRIGUES, Maria Aparecida. Os dois rios. In:_______ .
Cinzas da paixão e outras estórias. Goiânia: Ed. da UCG,
2007. p. 30-31.)
One of the ideas presented in the text 06 above is related to the topic of memories. From the alternatives given below, choose the one which shows the kind of memory presented in the text.
Q1263797
Inglês
Drought is an important element of the plot of Vidas Secas. From the alternatives given below, select the description of drought that best reflects what is going on in the excerpt above.
Q1263789
Inglês
The issues presented by literary texts may differ in
degree and nature from those presented by informational
ones. Choose the best alternative which is only related to
literary texts.
Q1263254
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
According to the text, why does Germany export so little beer to the U.S.?
Q1263253
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
How does Germany protect its beer industry, according to the text?
Q1263252
Inglês
Texto associado
Germans make wonderful beer. Yet the productivity of the German beer industry is only 43 percent that of the U.S. beer
industry. Meanwhile, the German metalworking and steel industries are equal in productivity to their American counterparts. Since
the Germans are evidently capable of organizing industries well, why can’t they do so when it comes to beer?
It turns out that the German beer industry suffers from small-scale production. There are a thousand tiny beer companies in
Germany, shielded from competition with one another because each German brewery has virtually a local monopoly, and they are
also shielded from competition with imports. The United States has 67 major beer breweries, producing 23 billion liters of beer per
year. All of Germany’s 1,000 breweries combined produce only half as much. Thus the average U.S. brewery produces 31 times
more beer than the average German brewery.
This fact results from local tastes and German government policies. German beer drinkers are fiercely loyal to their local
brand, so there are no national brands in Germany analogous to our Budweiser, Miller, or Coors. Instead, most German beer is
consumed within 30 miles of the factory where it is brewed. Therefore, the German beer industry cannot profit from economies of
scale. In the beer business, as in other businesses, production costs decrease greatly with scale. The bigger the refrigerating unit
for making beer, and the longer the assembly line for filling bottles with beer, the lower the cost of manufacturing beer. Those tiny
German beer companies are relatively inefficient. There’s no competition; there are just a thousand local monopolies.
The local beer loyalties of individual German drinkers are reinforced by German laws that make it hard for foreign beers to
compete in the German market. The German government has so-called beer purity laws that specify exactly what can go into beer.
Not surprisingly, those government purity specifications are based on what German breweries put into beer, and not what
American, French, and Swedish breweries like to put into beer. Because of those laws, not much foreign beer gets exported to
Germany, and because of inefficiency and high prices much less of that wonderful German beer than you would otherwise expect
gets sold abroad. (Before you object that German Löwenbräu beer is widely available in the United States, please read the label on
the next bottle of Löwenbräu that you drink here: it’s not produced in Germany but in North America, under license, in big factories
with North American productivities and efficiencies of scale).
(Diamond, J. ,2005. Guns, Germs, and Steel. New York: Norton.)
Which of these statements DOES NOT CORRESPOND to information given in the text?
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