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Q3827363 Português
Assinale a alternativa em que obrigatoriamente deve ser usada uma crase.
Alternativas
Q3827362 Português
Assinale a alternativa correta quanto à concordância nominal ou verbal.
Alternativas
Q3827361 Português
Assinale a alternativa em que há a seguinte sequência de nomes: feminino, masculino, feminino. 
Alternativas
Q3827360 Português

Leia a crônica de Rubem Braga.

 

MAR

 

A primeira vez que eu vi o mar eu não estava sozinho. Estava no meio de um bando enorme de meninos. Nós tínhamos viajado para ver o mar. No meio de nós havia apenas um menino que já o tinha visto. Ele nos contava que havia três espécies de mar: o mar mesmo, a maré, que é menor que o mar, e a marola, que é menor que a maré. Logo a gente fazia ideia de um lago enorme e duas lagoas. Mas o menino explicava que não. O mar entrava pela maré e a maré entrava pela marola. A marola vinha e voltava. A maré enchia e vazava. O mar às vezes tinha espuma e às vezes não tinha. Isso perturbava ainda mais a imagem. Três lagoas mexendo, esvaziando e enchendo, com uns rios no meio, às vezes uma porção de espumas, tudo isso muito salgado, azul, com ventos.


Fomos ver o mar. Era de manhã, fazia sol. De repente houve um grito: o mar! Era qualquer coisa de largo, de inesperado. Estava bem verde perto da terra, e mais longe estava azul. Nós todos gritamos, numa gritaria infernal, e saímos correndo para o lado do mar. As ondas batiam nas pedras e jogavam espuma que brilhava ao sol. Ondas grandes, cheias, que explodiam com barulho. Ficamos ali parados, com a respiração apressada, vendo o mar…


Depois o mar entrou na minha infância e tomou conta de uma adolescência toda, com seu cheiro bom, os seus ventos, suas chuvas, seus peixes, seu barulho, sua grande e espantosa beleza. Um menino de calças curtas, pernas queimadas pelo sol, cabelos cheios de sal, chapéu de palha. Um menino que pescava e que passava horas e horas dentro da canoa, longe da terra, atrás de uma bobagem qualquer – como aquela caravela de franjas azuis que boiava e afundava e que, afinal, queimou sua mão… Um rapaz de 14 ou 15 anos que nas noites de lua cheia, quando a maré baixa e descobre tudo e a praia é imensa, ia na praia sentar numa canoa, entrar numa roda, amar perdidamente, eternamente, alguém que passava pelo areal branco e dava boa noite… Que andava longas horas pela praia infinita para catar conchas e búzios crespos e conversava com os pescadores que consertavam as redes. Um menino que levava na canoa um pedaço de pão e um livro, e voltava sem estudar nada, com vontade de dizer uma porção de coisas que não sabia dizer – que ainda não sabe dizer.


Mar maior que a terra, mar do primeiro amor, mar dos pobres pescadores maratimbas, mar das cantigas do Catambá, mar das festas, mar terrível daquela morte que nos assustou, mar das tempestades de repente, mar do alto e mar da praia, mar de pedra e mar do mangue… A primeira vez que saí sozinho numa canoa parecia ter montado num cavalo bravo e bom, senti força e perigo, senti orgulho de embicar numa onda um segundo antes da arrebentação. A primeira vez que estive quase morrendo afogado, quando a água batia na minha cara e a corrente do “arrieiro” me puxava para fora, não gritei nem fiz gestos de socorro; lutei sozinho, cresci dentro de mim mesmo. Mar suave e oleoso, lambendo o batelão. Mar dos peixes estranhos, mar virando a canoa, mar das pescarias noturnas de camarão para isca. Mar diário e enorme, ocupando toda a vida, uma vida de bamboleio de canoa, de paciência, de força, de sacrifício sem finalidade, de perigo sem sentido, de lirismo, de energia; grande perigoso mar fabricando um homem…


Este homem esqueceu, grande mar, muita coisa que aprendeu contigo. Este homem tem andado por aí, ora aflito, ora chateado, dispersivo, fraco, sem paciência, mais corajoso que audacioso, incapaz de ficar parado e incapaz de fazer qualquer coisa, gastando-se como se gasta um cigarro. Este homem esqueceu muita coisa, mas há muita coisa que ele aprendeu contigo e que não esqueceu, que ficou, obscura e forte, dentro dele, no seu peito. Mar, este homem pode ser um mau filho, mas ele é teu filho, é um dos teus, e ainda pode comparecer diante de ti gritando, sem glória, mas sem remorso, como naquela manhã em que ficamos parados, respirando depressa, perante às grandes ondas que arrebentavam – um punhado de meninos vendo pela primeira vez o mar…

 

Vocabulário

■ caravela: espécie de água-viva

■ maratimbas: do interior do Espírito Santo

■ catambá: dança popular do Espírito Santo

■ embicar: atravessar com a embarcação

■ batelão: canoa, barcaça

■ arrieiro: correnteza marítima

Observe as frases.
1. Fomos ver o mar. 2. Era de manhã, fazia sol. 3. De repente houve um grito: o mar.
Assinale a alternativa que mostra uma afirmação correta.
Alternativas
Q3827359 Português

Leia a crônica de Rubem Braga.

 

MAR

 

A primeira vez que eu vi o mar eu não estava sozinho. Estava no meio de um bando enorme de meninos. Nós tínhamos viajado para ver o mar. No meio de nós havia apenas um menino que já o tinha visto. Ele nos contava que havia três espécies de mar: o mar mesmo, a maré, que é menor que o mar, e a marola, que é menor que a maré. Logo a gente fazia ideia de um lago enorme e duas lagoas. Mas o menino explicava que não. O mar entrava pela maré e a maré entrava pela marola. A marola vinha e voltava. A maré enchia e vazava. O mar às vezes tinha espuma e às vezes não tinha. Isso perturbava ainda mais a imagem. Três lagoas mexendo, esvaziando e enchendo, com uns rios no meio, às vezes uma porção de espumas, tudo isso muito salgado, azul, com ventos.


Fomos ver o mar. Era de manhã, fazia sol. De repente houve um grito: o mar! Era qualquer coisa de largo, de inesperado. Estava bem verde perto da terra, e mais longe estava azul. Nós todos gritamos, numa gritaria infernal, e saímos correndo para o lado do mar. As ondas batiam nas pedras e jogavam espuma que brilhava ao sol. Ondas grandes, cheias, que explodiam com barulho. Ficamos ali parados, com a respiração apressada, vendo o mar…


Depois o mar entrou na minha infância e tomou conta de uma adolescência toda, com seu cheiro bom, os seus ventos, suas chuvas, seus peixes, seu barulho, sua grande e espantosa beleza. Um menino de calças curtas, pernas queimadas pelo sol, cabelos cheios de sal, chapéu de palha. Um menino que pescava e que passava horas e horas dentro da canoa, longe da terra, atrás de uma bobagem qualquer – como aquela caravela de franjas azuis que boiava e afundava e que, afinal, queimou sua mão… Um rapaz de 14 ou 15 anos que nas noites de lua cheia, quando a maré baixa e descobre tudo e a praia é imensa, ia na praia sentar numa canoa, entrar numa roda, amar perdidamente, eternamente, alguém que passava pelo areal branco e dava boa noite… Que andava longas horas pela praia infinita para catar conchas e búzios crespos e conversava com os pescadores que consertavam as redes. Um menino que levava na canoa um pedaço de pão e um livro, e voltava sem estudar nada, com vontade de dizer uma porção de coisas que não sabia dizer – que ainda não sabe dizer.


Mar maior que a terra, mar do primeiro amor, mar dos pobres pescadores maratimbas, mar das cantigas do Catambá, mar das festas, mar terrível daquela morte que nos assustou, mar das tempestades de repente, mar do alto e mar da praia, mar de pedra e mar do mangue… A primeira vez que saí sozinho numa canoa parecia ter montado num cavalo bravo e bom, senti força e perigo, senti orgulho de embicar numa onda um segundo antes da arrebentação. A primeira vez que estive quase morrendo afogado, quando a água batia na minha cara e a corrente do “arrieiro” me puxava para fora, não gritei nem fiz gestos de socorro; lutei sozinho, cresci dentro de mim mesmo. Mar suave e oleoso, lambendo o batelão. Mar dos peixes estranhos, mar virando a canoa, mar das pescarias noturnas de camarão para isca. Mar diário e enorme, ocupando toda a vida, uma vida de bamboleio de canoa, de paciência, de força, de sacrifício sem finalidade, de perigo sem sentido, de lirismo, de energia; grande perigoso mar fabricando um homem…


Este homem esqueceu, grande mar, muita coisa que aprendeu contigo. Este homem tem andado por aí, ora aflito, ora chateado, dispersivo, fraco, sem paciência, mais corajoso que audacioso, incapaz de ficar parado e incapaz de fazer qualquer coisa, gastando-se como se gasta um cigarro. Este homem esqueceu muita coisa, mas há muita coisa que ele aprendeu contigo e que não esqueceu, que ficou, obscura e forte, dentro dele, no seu peito. Mar, este homem pode ser um mau filho, mas ele é teu filho, é um dos teus, e ainda pode comparecer diante de ti gritando, sem glória, mas sem remorso, como naquela manhã em que ficamos parados, respirando depressa, perante às grandes ondas que arrebentavam – um punhado de meninos vendo pela primeira vez o mar…

 

Vocabulário

■ caravela: espécie de água-viva

■ maratimbas: do interior do Espírito Santo

■ catambá: dança popular do Espírito Santo

■ embicar: atravessar com a embarcação

■ batelão: canoa, barcaça

■ arrieiro: correnteza marítima

A última frase do terceiro parágrafo “Um menino que levava na canoa um pedaço de pão e um livro, e voltava sem estudar nada, com vontade de dizer uma porção de coisas que não sabia dizer – que ainda não sabe dizer” mostra:
Alternativas
Q3827358 Português

Leia a crônica de Rubem Braga.

 

MAR

 

A primeira vez que eu vi o mar eu não estava sozinho. Estava no meio de um bando enorme de meninos. Nós tínhamos viajado para ver o mar. No meio de nós havia apenas um menino que já o tinha visto. Ele nos contava que havia três espécies de mar: o mar mesmo, a maré, que é menor que o mar, e a marola, que é menor que a maré. Logo a gente fazia ideia de um lago enorme e duas lagoas. Mas o menino explicava que não. O mar entrava pela maré e a maré entrava pela marola. A marola vinha e voltava. A maré enchia e vazava. O mar às vezes tinha espuma e às vezes não tinha. Isso perturbava ainda mais a imagem. Três lagoas mexendo, esvaziando e enchendo, com uns rios no meio, às vezes uma porção de espumas, tudo isso muito salgado, azul, com ventos.


Fomos ver o mar. Era de manhã, fazia sol. De repente houve um grito: o mar! Era qualquer coisa de largo, de inesperado. Estava bem verde perto da terra, e mais longe estava azul. Nós todos gritamos, numa gritaria infernal, e saímos correndo para o lado do mar. As ondas batiam nas pedras e jogavam espuma que brilhava ao sol. Ondas grandes, cheias, que explodiam com barulho. Ficamos ali parados, com a respiração apressada, vendo o mar…


Depois o mar entrou na minha infância e tomou conta de uma adolescência toda, com seu cheiro bom, os seus ventos, suas chuvas, seus peixes, seu barulho, sua grande e espantosa beleza. Um menino de calças curtas, pernas queimadas pelo sol, cabelos cheios de sal, chapéu de palha. Um menino que pescava e que passava horas e horas dentro da canoa, longe da terra, atrás de uma bobagem qualquer – como aquela caravela de franjas azuis que boiava e afundava e que, afinal, queimou sua mão… Um rapaz de 14 ou 15 anos que nas noites de lua cheia, quando a maré baixa e descobre tudo e a praia é imensa, ia na praia sentar numa canoa, entrar numa roda, amar perdidamente, eternamente, alguém que passava pelo areal branco e dava boa noite… Que andava longas horas pela praia infinita para catar conchas e búzios crespos e conversava com os pescadores que consertavam as redes. Um menino que levava na canoa um pedaço de pão e um livro, e voltava sem estudar nada, com vontade de dizer uma porção de coisas que não sabia dizer – que ainda não sabe dizer.


Mar maior que a terra, mar do primeiro amor, mar dos pobres pescadores maratimbas, mar das cantigas do Catambá, mar das festas, mar terrível daquela morte que nos assustou, mar das tempestades de repente, mar do alto e mar da praia, mar de pedra e mar do mangue… A primeira vez que saí sozinho numa canoa parecia ter montado num cavalo bravo e bom, senti força e perigo, senti orgulho de embicar numa onda um segundo antes da arrebentação. A primeira vez que estive quase morrendo afogado, quando a água batia na minha cara e a corrente do “arrieiro” me puxava para fora, não gritei nem fiz gestos de socorro; lutei sozinho, cresci dentro de mim mesmo. Mar suave e oleoso, lambendo o batelão. Mar dos peixes estranhos, mar virando a canoa, mar das pescarias noturnas de camarão para isca. Mar diário e enorme, ocupando toda a vida, uma vida de bamboleio de canoa, de paciência, de força, de sacrifício sem finalidade, de perigo sem sentido, de lirismo, de energia; grande perigoso mar fabricando um homem…


Este homem esqueceu, grande mar, muita coisa que aprendeu contigo. Este homem tem andado por aí, ora aflito, ora chateado, dispersivo, fraco, sem paciência, mais corajoso que audacioso, incapaz de ficar parado e incapaz de fazer qualquer coisa, gastando-se como se gasta um cigarro. Este homem esqueceu muita coisa, mas há muita coisa que ele aprendeu contigo e que não esqueceu, que ficou, obscura e forte, dentro dele, no seu peito. Mar, este homem pode ser um mau filho, mas ele é teu filho, é um dos teus, e ainda pode comparecer diante de ti gritando, sem glória, mas sem remorso, como naquela manhã em que ficamos parados, respirando depressa, perante às grandes ondas que arrebentavam – um punhado de meninos vendo pela primeira vez o mar…

 

Vocabulário

■ caravela: espécie de água-viva

■ maratimbas: do interior do Espírito Santo

■ catambá: dança popular do Espírito Santo

■ embicar: atravessar com a embarcação

■ batelão: canoa, barcaça

■ arrieiro: correnteza marítima

Assinale a alternativa correta, considerando o texto.
Alternativas
Q3827357 Português

Leia a crônica de Rubem Braga.

 

MAR

 

A primeira vez que eu vi o mar eu não estava sozinho. Estava no meio de um bando enorme de meninos. Nós tínhamos viajado para ver o mar. No meio de nós havia apenas um menino que já o tinha visto. Ele nos contava que havia três espécies de mar: o mar mesmo, a maré, que é menor que o mar, e a marola, que é menor que a maré. Logo a gente fazia ideia de um lago enorme e duas lagoas. Mas o menino explicava que não. O mar entrava pela maré e a maré entrava pela marola. A marola vinha e voltava. A maré enchia e vazava. O mar às vezes tinha espuma e às vezes não tinha. Isso perturbava ainda mais a imagem. Três lagoas mexendo, esvaziando e enchendo, com uns rios no meio, às vezes uma porção de espumas, tudo isso muito salgado, azul, com ventos.


Fomos ver o mar. Era de manhã, fazia sol. De repente houve um grito: o mar! Era qualquer coisa de largo, de inesperado. Estava bem verde perto da terra, e mais longe estava azul. Nós todos gritamos, numa gritaria infernal, e saímos correndo para o lado do mar. As ondas batiam nas pedras e jogavam espuma que brilhava ao sol. Ondas grandes, cheias, que explodiam com barulho. Ficamos ali parados, com a respiração apressada, vendo o mar…


Depois o mar entrou na minha infância e tomou conta de uma adolescência toda, com seu cheiro bom, os seus ventos, suas chuvas, seus peixes, seu barulho, sua grande e espantosa beleza. Um menino de calças curtas, pernas queimadas pelo sol, cabelos cheios de sal, chapéu de palha. Um menino que pescava e que passava horas e horas dentro da canoa, longe da terra, atrás de uma bobagem qualquer – como aquela caravela de franjas azuis que boiava e afundava e que, afinal, queimou sua mão… Um rapaz de 14 ou 15 anos que nas noites de lua cheia, quando a maré baixa e descobre tudo e a praia é imensa, ia na praia sentar numa canoa, entrar numa roda, amar perdidamente, eternamente, alguém que passava pelo areal branco e dava boa noite… Que andava longas horas pela praia infinita para catar conchas e búzios crespos e conversava com os pescadores que consertavam as redes. Um menino que levava na canoa um pedaço de pão e um livro, e voltava sem estudar nada, com vontade de dizer uma porção de coisas que não sabia dizer – que ainda não sabe dizer.


Mar maior que a terra, mar do primeiro amor, mar dos pobres pescadores maratimbas, mar das cantigas do Catambá, mar das festas, mar terrível daquela morte que nos assustou, mar das tempestades de repente, mar do alto e mar da praia, mar de pedra e mar do mangue… A primeira vez que saí sozinho numa canoa parecia ter montado num cavalo bravo e bom, senti força e perigo, senti orgulho de embicar numa onda um segundo antes da arrebentação. A primeira vez que estive quase morrendo afogado, quando a água batia na minha cara e a corrente do “arrieiro” me puxava para fora, não gritei nem fiz gestos de socorro; lutei sozinho, cresci dentro de mim mesmo. Mar suave e oleoso, lambendo o batelão. Mar dos peixes estranhos, mar virando a canoa, mar das pescarias noturnas de camarão para isca. Mar diário e enorme, ocupando toda a vida, uma vida de bamboleio de canoa, de paciência, de força, de sacrifício sem finalidade, de perigo sem sentido, de lirismo, de energia; grande perigoso mar fabricando um homem…


Este homem esqueceu, grande mar, muita coisa que aprendeu contigo. Este homem tem andado por aí, ora aflito, ora chateado, dispersivo, fraco, sem paciência, mais corajoso que audacioso, incapaz de ficar parado e incapaz de fazer qualquer coisa, gastando-se como se gasta um cigarro. Este homem esqueceu muita coisa, mas há muita coisa que ele aprendeu contigo e que não esqueceu, que ficou, obscura e forte, dentro dele, no seu peito. Mar, este homem pode ser um mau filho, mas ele é teu filho, é um dos teus, e ainda pode comparecer diante de ti gritando, sem glória, mas sem remorso, como naquela manhã em que ficamos parados, respirando depressa, perante às grandes ondas que arrebentavam – um punhado de meninos vendo pela primeira vez o mar…

 

Vocabulário

■ caravela: espécie de água-viva

■ maratimbas: do interior do Espírito Santo

■ catambá: dança popular do Espírito Santo

■ embicar: atravessar com a embarcação

■ batelão: canoa, barcaça

■ arrieiro: correnteza marítima

Analise as afirmativas abaixo sobre o texto.
1. A crônica mostra a força do mar na vida de um homem.
2. O cronista mostra arrebatamento e resiliência diante do mar.
3. A descrição do mar no primeiro parágrafo encontra abrigo ao longo do texto.
4. A experiência inicial do cronista com o mar permanece forte ao longo de sua vida. 5. A crônica mostra a incapacidade das pessoas de se maravilharem com a grandeza do mar.
Assinale a alternativa que indica todas as afirmativas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3825696 Inglês
Text 11A2-II

        The production of the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) gave rise to a series of discussions on the role of school systems in Brazil. A number of educators and researchers expressed their concerns about the homogenizing perspective reflected and refracted by the document. In other words, in a country as socially and culturally diverse as Brazil is, how might an educational instrument outline “essential types of knowledge” for students, irrespective of their personal, regional, and local specificities?

        On the other hand, the document also incorporates a discourse which values peripheral contributions. In doing so, it adopts a more overtly progressive tone, which accentuates the importance of diversity. Szundy, in her examination of the BNCC’s English Language component, underscores how the document subscribes to the notion of ideological literacy. The author believes that the BNCC’s introduction of an intercultural axis brings the document closer to an ideological stance which “understands languages as resources that put us in contact with otherness, with plural and equally valid ways of being and of being in the world.” A bit further, the author argues that “BNCC may urge us to situate teaching within the realm of decolonial practices”.

        We could be led to think that BNCC, by laying emphasis on the situated nature of learners’ knowledge, reinforces democratic ideals and seeks to promote unrestricted access to critical education. This interpretation, albeit problematic, seems less harmful than the enunciation of universal, “essential knowledge.” However, it is also Szundy who, in her analysis of the competences and skills associated with the teaching of English in the Brazilian 6th grade, encounters an autonomous view of reading: “The use of verbs such as formulate, identify and locate in these three reading skills is at odds with the formative and political understanding of the English language found in the component’s introduction, as well as with the document’s overall apprehension of the lingua franca concept (…)”.

        BNCC’s discursive and ideological diversity refracts a myriad of epistemological and axiological contradictions, illuminating a clash between ideological systems. Amidst such conflicts, however, we may find openings for the creation of new curricula. This point is repeatedly made in Szundy’s analysis as she dwells on the skills and competences outlined by the BNCC for the 9th grade in Middle Education. In such descriptors, the use of verbs such as debate, analyse and discuss could suggest the development of more critical and political linguistic practices. Yet, in Szundy’s own words: “In BNCC, the English language’s status as a lingua franca (…) is designed to assist students in developing the skills and competences they need to become selfentrepreneurs and to participate in the global world without ever calling its macro and micro structures into question; without ever examining how these very structures operate to keep huge swaths of the population at bay, deprived of any access to the commodities of an utopian global village.”

        BNCC, a normative document, prescribes a conditioning of students’ reading practices. The underlying pedagogical conception assumes the existence of a Cartesian reader, equipped with enough autonomy to identify the precise routes laid down by authors, as if fruition automatically conferred such abilities. This project is incongruous with the nature of language itself, i.e., with the fact that meaning emerges through socially and historically situated contact with otherness (even when that otherness is materialized in texts). Here, the notion of ideological sign comes in handy once more, since meanings only arise in concrete communicative situations, where they are imbued with existing social values.

Internet:  <doi.org> (adapted).
In text 11A2-II, the BNCC’s pedagogical conception is criticized for assuming the existence of a “Cartesian reader.” It is correct to conclude from the text that the key characteristic of this idealized reader is
Alternativas
Q3825695 Inglês
Text 11A2-II

        The production of the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) gave rise to a series of discussions on the role of school systems in Brazil. A number of educators and researchers expressed their concerns about the homogenizing perspective reflected and refracted by the document. In other words, in a country as socially and culturally diverse as Brazil is, how might an educational instrument outline “essential types of knowledge” for students, irrespective of their personal, regional, and local specificities?

        On the other hand, the document also incorporates a discourse which values peripheral contributions. In doing so, it adopts a more overtly progressive tone, which accentuates the importance of diversity. Szundy, in her examination of the BNCC’s English Language component, underscores how the document subscribes to the notion of ideological literacy. The author believes that the BNCC’s introduction of an intercultural axis brings the document closer to an ideological stance which “understands languages as resources that put us in contact with otherness, with plural and equally valid ways of being and of being in the world.” A bit further, the author argues that “BNCC may urge us to situate teaching within the realm of decolonial practices”.

        We could be led to think that BNCC, by laying emphasis on the situated nature of learners’ knowledge, reinforces democratic ideals and seeks to promote unrestricted access to critical education. This interpretation, albeit problematic, seems less harmful than the enunciation of universal, “essential knowledge.” However, it is also Szundy who, in her analysis of the competences and skills associated with the teaching of English in the Brazilian 6th grade, encounters an autonomous view of reading: “The use of verbs such as formulate, identify and locate in these three reading skills is at odds with the formative and political understanding of the English language found in the component’s introduction, as well as with the document’s overall apprehension of the lingua franca concept (…)”.

        BNCC’s discursive and ideological diversity refracts a myriad of epistemological and axiological contradictions, illuminating a clash between ideological systems. Amidst such conflicts, however, we may find openings for the creation of new curricula. This point is repeatedly made in Szundy’s analysis as she dwells on the skills and competences outlined by the BNCC for the 9th grade in Middle Education. In such descriptors, the use of verbs such as debate, analyse and discuss could suggest the development of more critical and political linguistic practices. Yet, in Szundy’s own words: “In BNCC, the English language’s status as a lingua franca (…) is designed to assist students in developing the skills and competences they need to become selfentrepreneurs and to participate in the global world without ever calling its macro and micro structures into question; without ever examining how these very structures operate to keep huge swaths of the population at bay, deprived of any access to the commodities of an utopian global village.”

        BNCC, a normative document, prescribes a conditioning of students’ reading practices. The underlying pedagogical conception assumes the existence of a Cartesian reader, equipped with enough autonomy to identify the precise routes laid down by authors, as if fruition automatically conferred such abilities. This project is incongruous with the nature of language itself, i.e., with the fact that meaning emerges through socially and historically situated contact with otherness (even when that otherness is materialized in texts). Here, the notion of ideological sign comes in handy once more, since meanings only arise in concrete communicative situations, where they are imbued with existing social values.

Internet:  <doi.org> (adapted).
In the fourth paragraph of text 11A2-II, Szundy argues that there is an aspect in the BNCC English language component that incites students to become independent entrepreneurs while ignoring the underlying social structures that foster inequality. That aspect, according to Szundy, is the
Alternativas
Q3825694 Inglês
Text 11A2-II

        The production of the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) gave rise to a series of discussions on the role of school systems in Brazil. A number of educators and researchers expressed their concerns about the homogenizing perspective reflected and refracted by the document. In other words, in a country as socially and culturally diverse as Brazil is, how might an educational instrument outline “essential types of knowledge” for students, irrespective of their personal, regional, and local specificities?

        On the other hand, the document also incorporates a discourse which values peripheral contributions. In doing so, it adopts a more overtly progressive tone, which accentuates the importance of diversity. Szundy, in her examination of the BNCC’s English Language component, underscores how the document subscribes to the notion of ideological literacy. The author believes that the BNCC’s introduction of an intercultural axis brings the document closer to an ideological stance which “understands languages as resources that put us in contact with otherness, with plural and equally valid ways of being and of being in the world.” A bit further, the author argues that “BNCC may urge us to situate teaching within the realm of decolonial practices”.

        We could be led to think that BNCC, by laying emphasis on the situated nature of learners’ knowledge, reinforces democratic ideals and seeks to promote unrestricted access to critical education. This interpretation, albeit problematic, seems less harmful than the enunciation of universal, “essential knowledge.” However, it is also Szundy who, in her analysis of the competences and skills associated with the teaching of English in the Brazilian 6th grade, encounters an autonomous view of reading: “The use of verbs such as formulate, identify and locate in these three reading skills is at odds with the formative and political understanding of the English language found in the component’s introduction, as well as with the document’s overall apprehension of the lingua franca concept (…)”.

        BNCC’s discursive and ideological diversity refracts a myriad of epistemological and axiological contradictions, illuminating a clash between ideological systems. Amidst such conflicts, however, we may find openings for the creation of new curricula. This point is repeatedly made in Szundy’s analysis as she dwells on the skills and competences outlined by the BNCC for the 9th grade in Middle Education. In such descriptors, the use of verbs such as debate, analyse and discuss could suggest the development of more critical and political linguistic practices. Yet, in Szundy’s own words: “In BNCC, the English language’s status as a lingua franca (…) is designed to assist students in developing the skills and competences they need to become selfentrepreneurs and to participate in the global world without ever calling its macro and micro structures into question; without ever examining how these very structures operate to keep huge swaths of the population at bay, deprived of any access to the commodities of an utopian global village.”

        BNCC, a normative document, prescribes a conditioning of students’ reading practices. The underlying pedagogical conception assumes the existence of a Cartesian reader, equipped with enough autonomy to identify the precise routes laid down by authors, as if fruition automatically conferred such abilities. This project is incongruous with the nature of language itself, i.e., with the fact that meaning emerges through socially and historically situated contact with otherness (even when that otherness is materialized in texts). Here, the notion of ideological sign comes in handy once more, since meanings only arise in concrete communicative situations, where they are imbued with existing social values.

Internet:  <doi.org> (adapted).
According to text 11A2-II, the key contradiction Szundy finds in the BNCC’s English language component, particularly in 6th grade skills, is
Alternativas
Q3825693 Inglês
Text 11A2-II

        The production of the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) gave rise to a series of discussions on the role of school systems in Brazil. A number of educators and researchers expressed their concerns about the homogenizing perspective reflected and refracted by the document. In other words, in a country as socially and culturally diverse as Brazil is, how might an educational instrument outline “essential types of knowledge” for students, irrespective of their personal, regional, and local specificities?

        On the other hand, the document also incorporates a discourse which values peripheral contributions. In doing so, it adopts a more overtly progressive tone, which accentuates the importance of diversity. Szundy, in her examination of the BNCC’s English Language component, underscores how the document subscribes to the notion of ideological literacy. The author believes that the BNCC’s introduction of an intercultural axis brings the document closer to an ideological stance which “understands languages as resources that put us in contact with otherness, with plural and equally valid ways of being and of being in the world.” A bit further, the author argues that “BNCC may urge us to situate teaching within the realm of decolonial practices”.

        We could be led to think that BNCC, by laying emphasis on the situated nature of learners’ knowledge, reinforces democratic ideals and seeks to promote unrestricted access to critical education. This interpretation, albeit problematic, seems less harmful than the enunciation of universal, “essential knowledge.” However, it is also Szundy who, in her analysis of the competences and skills associated with the teaching of English in the Brazilian 6th grade, encounters an autonomous view of reading: “The use of verbs such as formulate, identify and locate in these three reading skills is at odds with the formative and political understanding of the English language found in the component’s introduction, as well as with the document’s overall apprehension of the lingua franca concept (…)”.

        BNCC’s discursive and ideological diversity refracts a myriad of epistemological and axiological contradictions, illuminating a clash between ideological systems. Amidst such conflicts, however, we may find openings for the creation of new curricula. This point is repeatedly made in Szundy’s analysis as she dwells on the skills and competences outlined by the BNCC for the 9th grade in Middle Education. In such descriptors, the use of verbs such as debate, analyse and discuss could suggest the development of more critical and political linguistic practices. Yet, in Szundy’s own words: “In BNCC, the English language’s status as a lingua franca (…) is designed to assist students in developing the skills and competences they need to become selfentrepreneurs and to participate in the global world without ever calling its macro and micro structures into question; without ever examining how these very structures operate to keep huge swaths of the population at bay, deprived of any access to the commodities of an utopian global village.”

        BNCC, a normative document, prescribes a conditioning of students’ reading practices. The underlying pedagogical conception assumes the existence of a Cartesian reader, equipped with enough autonomy to identify the precise routes laid down by authors, as if fruition automatically conferred such abilities. This project is incongruous with the nature of language itself, i.e., with the fact that meaning emerges through socially and historically situated contact with otherness (even when that otherness is materialized in texts). Here, the notion of ideological sign comes in handy once more, since meanings only arise in concrete communicative situations, where they are imbued with existing social values.

Internet:  <doi.org> (adapted).
According to text 11A2-II, the BNCC’s inclusion of an intercultural axis, which values plural ways of being in the world, is viewed by Szundy as a feature that
Alternativas
Q3825692 Inglês
Text 11A2-II

        The production of the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) gave rise to a series of discussions on the role of school systems in Brazil. A number of educators and researchers expressed their concerns about the homogenizing perspective reflected and refracted by the document. In other words, in a country as socially and culturally diverse as Brazil is, how might an educational instrument outline “essential types of knowledge” for students, irrespective of their personal, regional, and local specificities?

        On the other hand, the document also incorporates a discourse which values peripheral contributions. In doing so, it adopts a more overtly progressive tone, which accentuates the importance of diversity. Szundy, in her examination of the BNCC’s English Language component, underscores how the document subscribes to the notion of ideological literacy. The author believes that the BNCC’s introduction of an intercultural axis brings the document closer to an ideological stance which “understands languages as resources that put us in contact with otherness, with plural and equally valid ways of being and of being in the world.” A bit further, the author argues that “BNCC may urge us to situate teaching within the realm of decolonial practices”.

        We could be led to think that BNCC, by laying emphasis on the situated nature of learners’ knowledge, reinforces democratic ideals and seeks to promote unrestricted access to critical education. This interpretation, albeit problematic, seems less harmful than the enunciation of universal, “essential knowledge.” However, it is also Szundy who, in her analysis of the competences and skills associated with the teaching of English in the Brazilian 6th grade, encounters an autonomous view of reading: “The use of verbs such as formulate, identify and locate in these three reading skills is at odds with the formative and political understanding of the English language found in the component’s introduction, as well as with the document’s overall apprehension of the lingua franca concept (…)”.

        BNCC’s discursive and ideological diversity refracts a myriad of epistemological and axiological contradictions, illuminating a clash between ideological systems. Amidst such conflicts, however, we may find openings for the creation of new curricula. This point is repeatedly made in Szundy’s analysis as she dwells on the skills and competences outlined by the BNCC for the 9th grade in Middle Education. In such descriptors, the use of verbs such as debate, analyse and discuss could suggest the development of more critical and political linguistic practices. Yet, in Szundy’s own words: “In BNCC, the English language’s status as a lingua franca (…) is designed to assist students in developing the skills and competences they need to become selfentrepreneurs and to participate in the global world without ever calling its macro and micro structures into question; without ever examining how these very structures operate to keep huge swaths of the population at bay, deprived of any access to the commodities of an utopian global village.”

        BNCC, a normative document, prescribes a conditioning of students’ reading practices. The underlying pedagogical conception assumes the existence of a Cartesian reader, equipped with enough autonomy to identify the precise routes laid down by authors, as if fruition automatically conferred such abilities. This project is incongruous with the nature of language itself, i.e., with the fact that meaning emerges through socially and historically situated contact with otherness (even when that otherness is materialized in texts). Here, the notion of ideological sign comes in handy once more, since meanings only arise in concrete communicative situations, where they are imbued with existing social values.

Internet:  <doi.org> (adapted).
According to the first paragraph of text 11A2-II, educators and researchers’ concern about the BNCC is that it reflects a
Alternativas
Q3825691 Inglês
Text 11A2-I

        The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.

        Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.

        Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.

        The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.

        This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.

        Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.

        Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: <jstor.org/stable>  (adapted).
According to the sixth paragraph of text 11A2-I, the concept of multivoicedness specifically highlights an aspect of language within discursive spaces. That aspect is the
Alternativas
Q3825690 Inglês
Text 11A2-I

        The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.

        Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.

        Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.

        The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.

        This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.

        Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.

        Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: <jstor.org/stable>  (adapted).
Based on text 11A2-I, choose the option that presents the dimension of heteroglossia that refers to the coexistence of different speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres.
Alternativas
Q3825689 Inglês
Text 11A2-I

        The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.

        Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.

        Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.

        The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.

        This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.

        Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.

        Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: <jstor.org/stable>  (adapted).
In its fourth paragraph, text 11A2-I defines ‘interculturality’ primarily as a ‘position’ or ‘disposition’ that involves
Alternativas
Q3825688 Inglês
Text 11A2-I

        The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.

        Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.

        Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.

        The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.

        This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.

        Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.

        Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: <jstor.org/stable>  (adapted).
It is correct to conclude from text 11A2-I that “the concept of ‘funds of perezhivanie’” (first sentence of the third paragraph) encourages educators in bilingual education to recognize and value
Alternativas
Q3825687 Inglês
Text 11A2-I

        The exploration of bilingual education in Brazil reveals a landscape filled with significant challenges and promising possibilities. Inequalities between private institutions and the public sector perpetuate socioeconomic gaps and limited access to it.

        Despite the increasing presence of bilingual education, many programs continue to operate under a monolingual mindset that emphasizes strict separation between languages and prioritizes linguistic accuracy over communicative practices. This perspective limits students’ opportunities to engage dynamically with multiple languages and hinders their development of linguistic mobility. To move beyond these limitations, it is crucial to foster intercultural competences. To do so, creating spaces where students can appreciate and interact with cultural and linguistic diversity becomes essential.

        Central to this discussion is the concept of “funds of perezhivanie”, which integrates various theoretical and practical elements, encompassing experiences, knowledge, potentials, values, and emotions of individuals or groups accumulated throughout their lives. By recognizing these diverse experiences, educators can create a more inclusive and responsive educational environment that values the cultural and experiential diversity of students.

        The concept of “interculturality” is also significant for our context. By exploring strategies for intercultural education, we conceive bilingual education as a possibility for the formation of subjects with an intercultural stance and with greater willingness and knowledge to face the inequalities imposed by our society. Crafting bilingual identities, in this sense, means forging spaces for the construction of intercultural and critical curricula. So interculturality, from the perspective we adopt, is not a theoretical position or a dialogue between cultures or philosophical traditions but a “position” or “disposition,” a “way of life”. An attitude of willingness to live “our” identity references in relation to “others” that opens the human experience toward a process of relearning and of cultural and contextual relocation, which allows us to perceive cultural illiteracies.

        This leads us to the second challenge faced by public bilingual schools that can contribute to the formation of empowered and agentive global citizens: the need to move toward heteroglossic perspectives.

        Heteroglossia is here understood in a broad sense, drawing on Bakhtin’s view of language as inherently plural, layered, and dynamic. According to Busch, this concept encompasses three interrelated dimensions: 1) Multidiscursivity refers to the coexistence of distinct speech types or discourses associated with particular social spheres, time periods, professions, or communities; 2) Multivoicedness highlights the presence of diverse individual voices within these discursive spaces. Every utterance is situated on the boundary between self and other and becomes meaningful only when appropriated and reaccentuated by the speaker; and 3) Linguistic diversity points to the multiplicity of languages and language varieties shaped by social differentiation.

        Framing bilingual education through heteroglossic lenses challenges dominant monolingual and homogenizing ideologies. It invites schools to cultivate spaces where varied discourses, voices, and languages can coexist, interact, and contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Internet: <jstor.org/stable>  (adapted).
Considering text 11A2-I, choose the option that presents a major negative feature of the “monolingual mindset” (first sentence of the second paragraph) often found in current Brazilian bilingual programs.
Alternativas
Q3825686 Inglês
        In July, colleagues in Ecuador shared how the coronavirus pandemic affected teaching in the country and how students adapted. They also showed how rooting a course in the local context increases learner engagement.

        Learners in Ecuador take English from first grade, but disconnection from the language and culture can reduce engagement.

         Lester Pereddo examined the effects of covid-19 on teaching English in Ecuador, identifying barriers such as the depressed economy, poor internet in rural highlands, work obligations at home, and lack of devices. These challenges reflected local realities, and Lester shared lessons and suggestions for teachers.

Catherine Rayson. Local contexts can make a difference in learning and adapting.
September 10th, 2021. Internet:<https://www.cambridge.org>  (adapted). 
Considering the challenges described by Lester Pereddo in the previous text, choose the option that presents a correct inference about the access to English learning during the coronavirus pandemic.
Alternativas
Q3825685 Inglês

Text 11A1-IV


The more that you read, the more things you will know.

The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.

Dr. Seuss. I can read with my eyes shut! New York: Random House, 1987.

The comparative construction used in both sentences of text 11A1-IV
Alternativas
Q3825684 Inglês

Text 11A1-IV


The more that you read, the more things you will know.

The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.

Dr. Seuss. I can read with my eyes shut! New York: Random House, 1987.

Considering text 11A1-IV, which presents a famous Dr. Seuss quote, choose the correct option regarding the grammatical class of the words “know” and “go”.
Alternativas
Respostas
2521: D
2522: A
2523: B
2524: C
2525: D
2526: B
2527: C
2528: B
2529: C
2530: A
2531: B
2532: D
2533: A
2534: D
2535: D
2536: B
2537: B
2538: B
2539: C
2540: C