Consider the following pairs of words:

1 - 'photograph - pho'tographer

2 - 'politics - po'litical

3 - e'lectric - elec'tricity

4 - 'industry - in'dustrial

5 - 'diplomat - di'plomatic

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the phonological phenomenon illustrated by these word pairs? 

The Amazon rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth,” plays a crucial role in regulating the planet’s climate. Covering approximately 5.5 million square kilometers, it is home to an incredible diversity of flora and fauna. The forest produces about 20% of the world’s oxygen and absorbs vast amounts of carbon dioxide, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, deforestation poses a significant threat to this vital ecosystem. Efforts to protect and restore the Amazon are essential for maintaining global ecological balance. 
What does the phrase “lungs of the Earth” refer to in the text?

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Which of the following statements about the comic strip is not correct?

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What underlying message does the comic convey about the relationship between the military and corporate interests?

Read the following text carefully.

Despite _______desire to explore new places, neither Clara nor Liam is willing to compromise on comfort.______ are both cautious, so______ choose destinations with well-established amenities. However, their differing tastes mean that one of _____often ends up conceding to the other’s preferences, even though _______have similar ideas of what makes a perfect vacation.

Choose the following option with five pronouns that complete the text correctly

Regarding verb tenses and verb forms, choose the option that completes the sentence correctly.

"Back when I______ in high school, I ________many friends and _____ involved in several activities. Now that we_____ older and have different lives, we still _____in touch regularly to catch up." 

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Based on the cartoon provided, what does the term "either-or proposition" imply in the context of the speaker's New Year's resolution?

Observe the following examples:

● Rabbits are fast runners → Rabbits run fast

● Tigers are patient hunters → Tigers hunt patiently

I - Ants are hard workers →______________________ .

II - Bats are quiet but quick flyers →_________________________ .

Select the alternative that correctly structures the sentences I and II using adverbs:

Read the following life path and mark the alternative to which author it refers.

"An English novelist and poet, born on April 21, 1816, in Thornton, Yorkshire, is renowned for creating one of the most iconic works in English literature, “Jane Eyre.” This individual published under the pseudonym Currer Bell, a strategy used to avoid the prejudices of the time. Most popular books are "Jane Eyre", "Villette", "Shirley" and "The Professor". Raised in a family with literary inclinations, this writer faced numerous personal tragedies, including the loss of siblings at a young age. Educated at the Clergy Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge, the experiences there later inspired the depiction of Lowood School in “Jane Eyre.” The writer’s career as a governess also provided material for the novels, reflecting the struggles and societal expectations of the time." 

Select the sentence that correctly uses the conditional tense:

"If I _______________more time, I would have finished the project earlier." 

Observe the following dialogue and select the option that correctly completes the sentence using the future perfect tense.

Person A: "By the time you arrive at the airport,__________________ our luggage."

Person B: "Great! That means we'll have more time to relax before the flight."

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In the third panel, the word "conundrum" is used. Which of the following best explains its meaning and use in the comic? 

    Flying taxis and drone deliveries, once confined to the realm of science fiction, are poised to become a reality in Shanghai, transforming how its residents commute, work, and live.

    Driven by breakthroughs in new energy technologies, a rapidly expanding civil drone sector, and substantial government investment, China's "low-altitude economy" is taking off.

    This burgeoning field operates within 3,000 meters above ground, integrating various manned and unmanned aerial vehicles for tasks ranging from passenger transport to cargo delivery.

    According to the "China Low-Altitude Economy Development Research Report" by CCID Consulting, the sector reached a staggering 505.95 billion yuan (US$71 billion) in 2023, reflecting a 33.8 percent growth rate. The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) projects this figure will soar to 2 trillion yuan by 2030.

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Based on the text, it is incorrect to state that:

Choose the correct option that completes the sentences using either "for" or "since".

1 - She has lived in this city _____ 2010.

2 - They have been friends _____ many years.

3 - I haven't seen him _____ last week.

4 - We have worked together _____ five months.

5 - He has been studying _____ I arrived here.

The Economist, a weekly magazine of reference in London, published an article on August 27, 2005, entitled “The Oiloholics” (Oil+Alcohol), illustrated with a caricature showing the US’s Uncle Sam and a Chinese dragon:

What does the caricature on the cover of The Economist likely aim to convey about the relationship between the US and China in the context of oil consumption?

Read the following dialogue and answer the question below:

Sarah: Hey Tom, you look exhausted! What's going on?

Tom: Oh, hi Sarah. Yeah, I've been quite busy lately.

Sarah: Really? What have you been up to?

Tom: Well, I (1) ______(work) on a challenging project at the office. It's been pretty intense.

Sarah: How long (2)____ you (deal) with this project?

Tom: It's been about three months now.I______ (3) (put) in extra hours almost every day.

Sarah: That sounds stressful. (4) ______you _____(have) any time for yourself?

Tom: Not much, to be honest. I (5)____ (neglect) my hobbies and social life lately.

Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks (1-5) in the dialogue above, considering the appropriate use of the Present Perfect Continuous tense.

Choose the sentence that contains an incorrect use of an adverb of frequency:

Complete the following sentence with the correct phonological term: In English, the phenomenon where a word’s pronunciation is simplified by omitting certain sounds is known____________ as .

Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks with “who,” “whom,” or “whose.”

1 - The man  ____ car was parked outside the office came in to ask about the meeting.

2 - The teacher ___ you spoke to is on vacation.

3 - I have a colleague____ knows a lot about modern art.

4 - The musician_____ song won the award is very talented.

5 - The participants_____ answers were correct received certificates.

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The word "nag" in the third panel of the strip has the closest meaning to: