Questões de Concurso Para copel

Germany Dims Nuclear Plants, but Hopes to Keep Lights On Elisabeth Rosenthal Published: August 29, 2011
Biblis, Germany — Not since the grim period after World War II has Germany had significant blackouts, but it is now bracing for that possibility after shutting down half its nuclear reactors practically overnight.
Nuclear plants have long generated nearly a quarter of Germany’s electricity. But after the tsunami and earthquake that sent radiation spewing from Fukushima, half a world away, the government disconnected the 8 oldest of Germany’s 17 reactors — including the two in this drab factory town — within days. Three months later, with a new plan to power the country without nuclear energy and a growing reliance on renewable energy, Parliament voted to close them permanently. There are plans to retire the remaining nine reactors by 2022.
As a result, electricity producers are scrambling to ensure an adequate supply. Customers and companies are nervous about whether their lights and assembly lines will stay up and running this winter. Economists and politicians argue over how much prices will rise.
“It’s easy to say, ‘Let’s just go for renewables’, and I’m quite sure we can someday do without nuclear, but this is too abrupt”, said Joachim Knebel, chief scientist at Germany’s prestigious Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. He characterized the government’s shutdown decision as “emotional” and pointed out that on most days, Germany has survived this experiment only by importing electricity from neighboring France and the Czech Republic, which generate much of their power with nuclear reactors.
Then there are real concerns that the plan will jettison efforts to rein in manmade global warming, since whatever nuclear energy’s shortcomings, it is low in emissions. If Germany, the world’s fourth-largest economy, falls back on dirty coal-burning plants or uncertain supplies of natural gas from Russia, isn’t it trading a potential risk for a real one?
The world is watching Germany’s extreme energy makeover, as politicians from New York to Rome have floated their own plans to shut or shelve reactors.
The International Energy Agency, generally a fan of Germany’s green-leaning energy policy, has been critical. Laszlo Varro, head of the agency’s gas, coal and power markets division, called the plan “very, very ambitious, though it is not impossible, since Germany is rich and technically sophisticated”.
Even if Germany succeeds in producing the electricity it needs, “the nuclear moratorium is very bad news in terms of climate policy”, Mr. Varro said. “We are not far from losing that battle, and losing nuclear makes that unnecessarily difficult”.
The government counters that it is prepared to make huge investments in improving energy efficiency in homes and factories as well as in new clean power sources and transmission lines. So far, there have been no blackouts.
But Jürgen Grossmann, chief executive of the German energy giant RWE, which owns two closed reactors here in Biblis, about 40 miles south of Frankfurt, expressed skepticism. “Germany, in a very rash decision, decided to experiment on ourselves”, he said. “The politics are overruling the technical arguments”.
(Disponível em: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/science/earth/30germany.html?_r=1&ref=science. Acesso em: 30/08/2011) 
Com base no texto, identifique as afirmativas a seguir como verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F):
( ) A decisão da Alemanha de fechar reatores de usinas nucleares recebeu apoio da população, mas não das empresas.
( ) Os reatores fechados em Biblis pertenciam a uma grande empresa alemã.
( ) Na opinião de Jürgen Grossmann, a decisão da Alemanha de fechar reatores de usinas elétricas priorizou fatores técnicos.
( ) Após o desligamento de 8 reatores, a Alemanha já sofreu alguns blackouts.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta, de cima para baixo. 

Design Patterns 
Design Patterns A design pattern is often posed as a question: how do we solve some design problem? However a design problem is, by its nature, nonspecific, and rarely has a single straight-forward answer. There might be several ways to solve the same problem, some better than others depending on the specific situation and the specific context of the problem. A design pattern is intended to share not just solutions but a better understanding of both the problem and how it might be solved. 
Firstly, patterns have a well-defined structure. This consistent layout makes it easy to browse through a collection of patterns to find relevant help and then dive further into the material. The structure encourages the author of the pattern to think carefully about the knowledge they're sharing, whilst making the material more consistently accessible to a reader. 
Secondly, unlike a tutorial or recipe which typically guides you through a single approach to solving a problem, patterns encourage discussion of related and complementary approaches. Design decisions are rarely clear cut, so it can be useful to understand the context in which a decision is made and the resulting trade-offs. Communicating these nuances is how we share knowledge rather than just fixes for a problem.
Consider the following sentence from the text: “Design decisions are rarely clear cut, so it can be useful to understand the context in which a decision is made and the resulting trade-offs”. Taking into consideration the underlined excerpt from the sentence, it is correct to say that design decisions are:

Assinale a alternativa que indica uma característica da fibra óptica multimodo em relação a fibras monomodo. 

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as etapas de estabelecimento de uma chamada PoC. 

Com relação ao aterramento de uma instalação elétrica em um sistema de cabeamento estruturado, considere as seguintes afirmativas:
1. Um armário de telecomunicações deve possuir uma haste de aterramento exclusiva, sendo proibida a conexão desta com o neutro da instalação.
2. Os equipamentos ativos, como os switches e roteadores, não podem ser conectados ao terra de proteção, pois isso afetaria o nível de referência de sinal gerado por outro ativo conectado a ele, impossibilitando o funcionamento correto da rede.
3. Os cabos UTP devem ter seus pinos 2 e 6 conectados ao neutro da instalação elétrica, em conexão que deve ser realizada no armário de telecomunicações.
4. As massas de todos os equipamentos localizados no armário de telecomunicações devem ser conectadas ao terra de proteção.
Assinale a alternativa correta.