Questões de Concurso Para prefeitura de sorocaba - sp

Foram encontradas 1.888 questões

Resolva questões gratuitamente!

Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!

Q3782191 História

Observe a imagem.


35.jpg (343×186)


(Em: Pedro P. Funari; Ana Piñon. A temática indígena na escola, 2011. Adaptado)


Analisando o conteúdo do cartaz, está correto afirmar que este vincula os movimentos indígenas aos movimentos populares

Alternativas
Q3782190 História
O exemplo clássico de organização dos conteúdos é o que se constitui a partir das temporalidades. Preponderante ainda na maioria das escolas brasileiras, o tempo, considerado em sua dimensão cronológica, continua sendo a medida utilizada para explicar a trajetória da humanidade. A periodização que se impôs desde o século XIX – História Antiga, Medieval, Moderna e Contemporânea – está presente em grande parte dos livros didáticos; retrocede-se às origens, estabelecendo-se trajetórias homogêneas do passado ao presente, e a organização dos acontecimentos é feita com base na perspectiva da evolução. O que caracteriza a organização dos conteúdos, nessa perspectiva, é a linearidade e a sequencialidade.
(Holien Gonçalves Bezerra, Ensino de História: conteúdos e conceitos básicos. Em: Leandro Karnal (org.), História na sala de aula: conceitos, práticas e propostas, 2015)
Para Bezerra, uma das possiblidades para a superação do que se apresenta no excerto pode ocorrer por meio da utilização da
Alternativas
Q3782189 Pedagogia
É necessário que o ensino de História seja revalorizado e que os professores dessa disciplina conscientizem-se de sua responsabilidade social perante os alunos, preocupando-se em ajudá-los a compreender e – esperamos – a melhorar o mundo em que vivem.
(Jaime Pinsky e Carla Bassanezi Pinsky, Por uma História prazerosa e consequente. Em: Leandro Karnal (org.), História na sala de aula: conceitos, práticas e propostas, 2015. Adaptado)
Com relação ao tratado no excerto, seus autores realçam o papel do professor como
Alternativas
Q3782188 História
As questões levantadas pelos professores de história que trabalham com discursos literários podem ser resumidas assim: qual é a especificidade do discurso literário e do discurso histórico? Quais as fronteiras que delimitam esses dois discursos? Como trabalhar literatura e história, respeitando a especificidade do discurso literário?
O discurso histórico visa explicar o real por meio de um diálogo que se dá entre o historiador e os testemunhos, os documentos, que evidenciam o acontecido. Com base nesse diálogo o pesquisador explicita o real em movimento, a dinâmica, as contradições, as mudanças e as permanências.
(Selva G. Fonseca, Didática e Prática de Ensino de História, 2005. Adaptado)
Segundo Fonseca afirma no artigo, a obra literária
Alternativas
Q3782187 Pedagogia
Manifestando preocupações quanto à ênfase que as reformas curriculares de História vêm dando ao estudo da História Local, [Joaquim] Prats critica o que pode vir a se tornar “um ensino de História em migalhas”, mas diz “sim” ao ensino da História Local, sob algumas condições [...].
(A.M. Monteiro; A.M. Gasparello; M.S. Magalhães (orgs.). Ensino de História: sujeitos, saberes e práticas, 2009)
Considerando os pressupostos históricos da obra em referência, assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente parte das condições consideradas essenciais para esse tipo de estudo.
Alternativas
Q3782186 História
Luís Fernando Cerri, na obra Ensino da História e consciência histórica, traz o significado de pensar historicamente. Assim sendo, assinale a alternativa que apresenta esse significado.
Alternativas
Q3782185 Pedagogia
No trabalho escolar com História, segundo a professora Circe Bittencourt (em Ensino de História: fundamentos e métodos), cabe ao professor optar por manter os denominados conteúdos tradicionais ou selecionar conteúdos significativos. Esses conteúdos são definidos por Circe Bittencourt como aqueles que
Alternativas
Q3782184 Pedagogia
A BNCC-História enuncia, para o 7° ano, resumidamente, as seguintes temáticas: 
Alternativas
Q3782183 Pedagogia
Segundo a BNCC: Ensino Fundamental – História, “o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da História no Ensino Fundamental – Anos Finais está pautado por três procedimentos básicos”.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um desses procedimentos básicos.
Alternativas
Q3782182 História
As propostas curriculares, para todos os níveis de ensino, têm se preocupado em responder à pergunta: “Por que estudar História?”
“Estuda-se História para compreender o presente e criar os projetos do futuro” é uma das frases mais encontradas em textos relacionados ao assunto e das mais repetidas por professores em suas explicações iniciais sobre o porquê da disciplina na escola. As finalidades do ensino de História não se limitam a essa frase, sendo, evidentemente, mais complexas, e algumas propostas curriculares procuram explicitá-las.
(Circe M. F. Bittencourt, Ensino de História: fundamentos e métodos, 2008)
Para Bittencourt, na atualidade, um dos objetivos centrais do ensino de História relaciona-se com
Alternativas
Q3781921 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        There are differences between content-based language teaching (CBLT) and content and language integrated learning (CLIL), the main one being that CBLT deals with teaching content in language lessons, whereas CLIL deals with teaching a subject at the same time as teaching language. CLIL is also different from immersion, where learners learn all their subjects in another language and there is no focus on language in subject lessons, for example in an international school. These ideas can be visualised as a continuum. On the left-hand side of the continuum, content-based language teaching is where language teachers teach another language through content - so the focus is on language and the input for language classes is topics based on subject content. On the right-hand side of the continuum, learners are working all the time in another language. CLIL can be placed somewhere in the middle of the continuum: learners are learning content through another language. Typically, they have a number of lessons in one or more subjects per week in another language (for example, geography, history, science, PE or music) and the rest of their lessons in their first language.

(Liz Dale, Rosie Tanner. CLIL activities: a resource for subjects and language teachers)
An EFL teacher is planning a lesson on “The Water Cycle” where the primary goal is for students to successfully use the conditional tense (if... then...) to describe the process.
Which learning approach is the teacher adopting?
Alternativas
Q3781920 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        There are differences between content-based language teaching (CBLT) and content and language integrated learning (CLIL), the main one being that CBLT deals with teaching content in language lessons, whereas CLIL deals with teaching a subject at the same time as teaching language. CLIL is also different from immersion, where learners learn all their subjects in another language and there is no focus on language in subject lessons, for example in an international school. These ideas can be visualised as a continuum. On the left-hand side of the continuum, content-based language teaching is where language teachers teach another language through content - so the focus is on language and the input for language classes is topics based on subject content. On the right-hand side of the continuum, learners are working all the time in another language. CLIL can be placed somewhere in the middle of the continuum: learners are learning content through another language. Typically, they have a number of lessons in one or more subjects per week in another language (for example, geography, history, science, PE or music) and the rest of their lessons in their first language.

(Liz Dale, Rosie Tanner. CLIL activities: a resource for subjects and language teachers)
According to the text, the primary difference between Content-Based Language Teaching (CBLT) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is
Alternativas
Q3781919 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        Creativity is a quality which manifests itself in many different ways, and this is one of the reasons it has proved so difficult to define. As Amabile (1996) points out, ‘a clear and sufficiently detailed articulation of the creative process is not yet possible.’ Yet we readily recognise creativity when we meet it, even if we cannot define it precisely. For all practical purposes this is enough, and we do not need to spend too much time agonising over a definition.

        There are of course some features which are almost always present in a creative act. The core idea of ‘making something new’ is at the heart of creativity. But novelty is not alone sufficient for something to be recognised as creative. We could, for example, wear a clown’s red nose to class. This would certainly be doing something new and unusual but it would only count as creative if we then did something with it, like creating a new persona. It is also necessary for creative acts to be recognised and accepted within the domain in which they occur. They need to be relevant and practicable – not just novel. Sometimes creative ideas are ahead of their time and have to wait for technology to catch up. Leonardo da Vinci designed an aeroplane in the 15th century, but before aeroplanes could become a reality, materials and fuels had to be available.

        […]

        […] Boden (1990) takes an AI (artificial intelligence) approach to investigating creativity. She asks what a computer would need to do to replicate human thought processes. This leads to a consideration of the self-organising properties of complex, generative systems through processes such as parallel distributed processing. For her, creativity arises from the systematic exploration of a conceptual space or domain (mathematical, musical or linguistic). She draws attention to the importance of constraints in this process. ‘Far from being the antithesis of creativity, constraints on thinking are what make it possible’ (p. 82). Chaos theory (Gleick, 1987) tends to support her ideas. Boden’s approach is richly suggestive for language acquisition, materials writing and for teaching, in that all are rooted in complex, self-organising systems.

(Alan Maley, Nik Peachey. Creativity in the English language classroom.)
Based on Boden’s AI approach, how could an EFL teacher creatively use a generative AI tool (e.g., ChatGPT)? 
Alternativas
Q3781918 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        Creativity is a quality which manifests itself in many different ways, and this is one of the reasons it has proved so difficult to define. As Amabile (1996) points out, ‘a clear and sufficiently detailed articulation of the creative process is not yet possible.’ Yet we readily recognise creativity when we meet it, even if we cannot define it precisely. For all practical purposes this is enough, and we do not need to spend too much time agonising over a definition.

        There are of course some features which are almost always present in a creative act. The core idea of ‘making something new’ is at the heart of creativity. But novelty is not alone sufficient for something to be recognised as creative. We could, for example, wear a clown’s red nose to class. This would certainly be doing something new and unusual but it would only count as creative if we then did something with it, like creating a new persona. It is also necessary for creative acts to be recognised and accepted within the domain in which they occur. They need to be relevant and practicable – not just novel. Sometimes creative ideas are ahead of their time and have to wait for technology to catch up. Leonardo da Vinci designed an aeroplane in the 15th century, but before aeroplanes could become a reality, materials and fuels had to be available.

        […]

        […] Boden (1990) takes an AI (artificial intelligence) approach to investigating creativity. She asks what a computer would need to do to replicate human thought processes. This leads to a consideration of the self-organising properties of complex, generative systems through processes such as parallel distributed processing. For her, creativity arises from the systematic exploration of a conceptual space or domain (mathematical, musical or linguistic). She draws attention to the importance of constraints in this process. ‘Far from being the antithesis of creativity, constraints on thinking are what make it possible’ (p. 82). Chaos theory (Gleick, 1987) tends to support her ideas. Boden’s approach is richly suggestive for language acquisition, materials writing and for teaching, in that all are rooted in complex, self-organising systems.

(Alan Maley, Nik Peachey. Creativity in the English language classroom.)
What conclusion does the author draw about the necessity of achieving a precise, universally accepted definition of creativity?
Alternativas
Q3781917 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        Creativity is a quality which manifests itself in many different ways, and this is one of the reasons it has proved so difficult to define. As Amabile (1996) points out, ‘a clear and sufficiently detailed articulation of the creative process is not yet possible.’ Yet we readily recognise creativity when we meet it, even if we cannot define it precisely. For all practical purposes this is enough, and we do not need to spend too much time agonising over a definition.

        There are of course some features which are almost always present in a creative act. The core idea of ‘making something new’ is at the heart of creativity. But novelty is not alone sufficient for something to be recognised as creative. We could, for example, wear a clown’s red nose to class. This would certainly be doing something new and unusual but it would only count as creative if we then did something with it, like creating a new persona. It is also necessary for creative acts to be recognised and accepted within the domain in which they occur. They need to be relevant and practicable – not just novel. Sometimes creative ideas are ahead of their time and have to wait for technology to catch up. Leonardo da Vinci designed an aeroplane in the 15th century, but before aeroplanes could become a reality, materials and fuels had to be available.

        […]

        […] Boden (1990) takes an AI (artificial intelligence) approach to investigating creativity. She asks what a computer would need to do to replicate human thought processes. This leads to a consideration of the self-organising properties of complex, generative systems through processes such as parallel distributed processing. For her, creativity arises from the systematic exploration of a conceptual space or domain (mathematical, musical or linguistic). She draws attention to the importance of constraints in this process. ‘Far from being the antithesis of creativity, constraints on thinking are what make it possible’ (p. 82). Chaos theory (Gleick, 1987) tends to support her ideas. Boden’s approach is richly suggestive for language acquisition, materials writing and for teaching, in that all are rooted in complex, self-organising systems.

(Alan Maley, Nik Peachey. Creativity in the English language classroom.)
According to the second paragraph, in addition to being new, the necessary condition for an act or idea to be recognized and accepted as creative within its specific domain is
Alternativas
Q3781916 Pedagogia

Leia o texto a seguir para responder as questões:


        Como pode ser visto na bibliografia de Wilson (2007), muita coisa já foi publicada sobre o assunto. Isso não significa, no entanto, que já existe um conhecimento consolidado sobre a adoção de estratégias e a utilização de recursos para esse fim. Se a literatura sobre o ensino de inglês para surdos é indicativa, o que mais se encontra são relatos de experiência de professores e instituições. Essa literatura é difícil de ser avaliada pela falta de informações precisas sobre as variáveis centrais como: os objetivos do ensino (e.g., língua oral ou língua escrita), o contexto de ensino (língua oral ou língua de sinais, classes especiais ou inclusivas) e o perfil dos alunos (oralizados ou fluentes em língua de sinais). Essa imprecisão é o resultado, em parte, das exigências imediatas dos contextos de ensino: as instituições tinham alunos para ser educados e os educadores buscavam soluções práticas possíveis; e objetivo não era o de fazer pesquisa básica com os controles necessários. Mas a imprecisão também é o resultado da falta de conhecimentos teóricos sobre os assuntos tratados neste artigo: a natureza linguística das línguas de sinais, a precariedade da oralização come aquisição de língua, os efeitos de aquisição tardia de uma primeira língua, o papel cognitivo fundamental de uma “língua do berço”, o papel da socialização entre surdos na aquisição de língua gestual. A literatura deve ser lida sempre com esses parâmetros em mente.


(Leland McCleary. O ensino de língua estrangeira e a questão da diversidade)

De acordo com o texto, as principais razões pelas quais a literatura sobre o ensino de inglês para surdos carece de precisão nas informações sobre as variáveis centrais são
Alternativas
Q3781915 Pedagogia

Leia o texto a seguir para responder as questões:


        Como pode ser visto na bibliografia de Wilson (2007), muita coisa já foi publicada sobre o assunto. Isso não significa, no entanto, que já existe um conhecimento consolidado sobre a adoção de estratégias e a utilização de recursos para esse fim. Se a literatura sobre o ensino de inglês para surdos é indicativa, o que mais se encontra são relatos de experiência de professores e instituições. Essa literatura é difícil de ser avaliada pela falta de informações precisas sobre as variáveis centrais como: os objetivos do ensino (e.g., língua oral ou língua escrita), o contexto de ensino (língua oral ou língua de sinais, classes especiais ou inclusivas) e o perfil dos alunos (oralizados ou fluentes em língua de sinais). Essa imprecisão é o resultado, em parte, das exigências imediatas dos contextos de ensino: as instituições tinham alunos para ser educados e os educadores buscavam soluções práticas possíveis; e objetivo não era o de fazer pesquisa básica com os controles necessários. Mas a imprecisão também é o resultado da falta de conhecimentos teóricos sobre os assuntos tratados neste artigo: a natureza linguística das línguas de sinais, a precariedade da oralização come aquisição de língua, os efeitos de aquisição tardia de uma primeira língua, o papel cognitivo fundamental de uma “língua do berço”, o papel da socialização entre surdos na aquisição de língua gestual. A literatura deve ser lida sempre com esses parâmetros em mente.


(Leland McCleary. O ensino de língua estrangeira e a questão da diversidade)

Conforme o texto, a principal limitação da literatura existente sobre o ensino de inglês para alunos surdos é
Alternativas
Q3781914 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        There is no single way of teaching English, no single way of learning it, no single motive for doing so, no single syllabus or textbook, no single way of assessing proficiency and, indeed, no single variety of English which provides the target of learning. It is tempting, but unhelpful, to say there are as many combinations of these as there are learners and teachers. The proliferation of acronyms in English Language Teaching reflects this diversity of models. By a ‘model’ I do not mean a particular variety of English – such as US or British – though selection of a particular variety may play a role.

        By a ‘model’ of English I mean a complex framework, which includes issues of methodology and variety, but goes beyond these to include other dimensions of the context and practice of learning English.

        It is becoming clear that these issues are not easily separable. The appropriateness of content clearly depends on such things as the age of the learner and whether English is to be used primarily as a language of international communication or for survival communication with native speakers, perhaps whilst on holiday in the UK or some other English-speaking country. This is why I have identified broad models which can be thought of as configurations of the factors listed in the box.

        There are many stakeholders involved in the teaching and learning process, each of whom may have a different view. Learners, their families, teachers, governments, employers, textbook publishers, examination providers – all now possess an interest in the English language business.

(David Graddol. English Next. Adaptado)
According to the author, the defining characteristic of a ‘model’ of English in the context of language teaching is a
Alternativas
Q3781913 Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão:

        There is no single way of teaching English, no single way of learning it, no single motive for doing so, no single syllabus or textbook, no single way of assessing proficiency and, indeed, no single variety of English which provides the target of learning. It is tempting, but unhelpful, to say there are as many combinations of these as there are learners and teachers. The proliferation of acronyms in English Language Teaching reflects this diversity of models. By a ‘model’ I do not mean a particular variety of English – such as US or British – though selection of a particular variety may play a role.

        By a ‘model’ of English I mean a complex framework, which includes issues of methodology and variety, but goes beyond these to include other dimensions of the context and practice of learning English.

        It is becoming clear that these issues are not easily separable. The appropriateness of content clearly depends on such things as the age of the learner and whether English is to be used primarily as a language of international communication or for survival communication with native speakers, perhaps whilst on holiday in the UK or some other English-speaking country. This is why I have identified broad models which can be thought of as configurations of the factors listed in the box.

        There are many stakeholders involved in the teaching and learning process, each of whom may have a different view. Learners, their families, teachers, governments, employers, textbook publishers, examination providers – all now possess an interest in the English language business.

(David Graddol. English Next. Adaptado)
What core idea regarding the current state of English Language Teaching (ELT) does the author aim to convey?
Alternativas
Q3781912 Pedagogia
Leia o texto a seguir para responder as questões:

Shifting paradigms in language teaching

        Foreign language teaching has long relied on written texts as a source of language input. Until relatively recently, however, the sentence has been the privileged unit of meaning and analysis. The grammar-translation method of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, for example, illustrated grammatical principles via exemplary sentences. The pedagogical goal was to recode sentences written in the foreign language into one’s mother tongue, with heavy emphasis placed on accuracy and completeness. During the audiolingual era, from the 1940s to the 1960s, the emphasis shifted to spoken language and dialogues were used as language models, but the individual sentence remained the focus of repetition and drills. Again, formal accuracy remained paramount. In the 1960s, with the advent of ‘cognitive-code learning’ theory (following Chomsky’s rejection of behavioristic models of language learning in the late 1950s), teachers’ goals gradually shifted from instilling accurate language habits, to fostering learners’ mental construction of a second language system. Rule learning was reintroduced, but still only at the level of the individual sentence. Indeed, even today, many introductory level foreign language courses are organized around a planned sequence of grammatical structures that are exemplified in sample sentences for intensive practice.

(Richard Kern. Literacy and language teaching)
How did the pedagogical goal of language teaching evolve with the advent of “cognitive-code learning”?
Alternativas
Respostas
181: E
182: D
183: C
184: A
185: B
186: E
187: E
188: B
189: D
190: C
191: B
192: A
193: B
194: D
195: B
196: D
197: C
198: D
199: B
200: E