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A partir dos estudos da Linguística moderna, pode-se afirmar que preenchem os espaços acima, pela ordem, as seguintes expressões:
I. “Não é possível a reação imediata. O escritor pode tentar antecipar as reações do leitor e incorporá-las ao texto.”
II. “O interlocutor é, geralmente, alguém específico.”
III. “Hesitações e pausas são comuns e, frequentemente, há redundâncias e repetições.”
IV. “É permanente. Pode ser relida quantas vezes forem necessárias e na velocidade de cada um.”
Considerando-se os estudos linguísticos atuais quanto à investigação do que seja pertencente à Fala ou à Escrita, pode-se afirmar que, pela ordem, a sequência correta do que se afirmou acima é:
I. “Volta-se para o que se faz com a linguagem, em que circunstâncias e com que finalidade. Enquanto, no âmbito da semântica, uma sentença como ‘Está frio’ significa que algo está com a temperatura baixa, nada mais além disso, para esta linha dos estudos linguísticos, o entendimento será possível apenas com base no contexto em que o enunciado é proferido.”
II. “Tem como objeto de estudo o texto e seus elementos de análise, como coesão, coerência e intertextualidade. Surgiu como uma reação aos estudos meramente sintáticos e/ou semânticos, que se limitavam às análises de sentenças.”
A partir da análise dos conceitos afirmados acima, pode-se entender que, pela ordem, tais postulações se referem aos seguintes ramos da Linguística:
Coluna 01
(1) Fonética
(2) Fonologia
(3) Morfologia
(4) Sintaxe
Coluna 02
( ) “Contém as regras de combinação das palavras para a formação de sentenças na língua. É nela que encontramos explicações sobre o ordenamento das palavras na sentença.”
( ) “Preocupa-se também com os sons da língua, mas do ponto de vista de sua função. Analisa como as distinções básicas entre os sons formam as palavras de uma língua, sem dar atenção a como os falantes realizam esses sons.”
( ) “Estuda as regras de combinação entre os morfemas para a formação de unidades maiores, como a palavra e o sintagma. Um morfema representa a menor sequência de sons que apresenta significado.”
( ) “Estuda os sons da fala, preocupandose com os mecanismos de produção e audição. Com o seu estudo, podemos distinguir as realizações de fala das diversas comunidades linguísticas, em seus grupamentos geográficos, sociais, de faixas etárias ou mesmo de diferenças individuais.”
A partir do que foi orientado antes, marque a alternativa que apresente a sequência correta.
Choose the alternative in which the prepositions of time are correctly used.
Read the text and answer question.
Origins of reflective practice
Humans have probably always reflected as they walked the earth, and for over 2,000 years philosophers such as Socrates, who became famous for his adage, ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’, was just one of many who advocated that people should reflect on their existence. In addition, the concept of contemplation and its awareness-raising effects has long been a part of many great religions and philosophical studies where we humans are encouraged to practise mindfulness. In more modern times, perhaps the two most famous philosophers associated with the concept of reflection are John Dewey (1933) and Donald Schön (1983), in that order. In fact, Dewey first discussed reflection in terms of student learning (rather than for teachers), as he suggested that routine thinking and decisionmaking by students in educational settings limit their ability to learn critically. He later extended this idea of routine decisionmaking to teaching, and maintained that teachers can become slaves to routine decision-making if they do not engage in reflection. When explaining such reflection, he first discussed what it is not, and for this, he asserted that it is not just mulling over something or engaging in what I would call ‘navel-gazing’. Instead, Dewey maintained that reflection should be systematic and intentional. Dewey (1933, p. 9) defined such reflection as, ‘active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads.’
Source: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/2024- 03/Farrell_Reflective_Practice_Final.pdf
Analyze the statements according to the text.
I. The text suggests that reflection has ancient roots and is not limited to modern educational theory.
II. Dewey first discussed reflection in relation to teachers and later applied it to student learning.
III. Dewey argued that reflection should not be reduced to vague rumination or mere self-absorption.
IV. Dewey defined reflection as passive acceptance of beliefs based mainly on tradition and intuition.
Choose the correct sequence.
Read the text and answer question.
Origins of reflective practice
Humans have probably always reflected as they walked the earth, and for over 2,000 years philosophers such as Socrates, who became famous for his adage, ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’, was just one of many who advocated that people should reflect on their existence. In addition, the concept of contemplation and its awareness-raising effects has long been a part of many great religions and philosophical studies where we humans are encouraged to practise mindfulness. In more modern times, perhaps the two most famous philosophers associated with the concept of reflection are John Dewey (1933) and Donald Schön (1983), in that order. In fact, Dewey first discussed reflection in terms of student learning (rather than for teachers), as he suggested that routine thinking and decisionmaking by students in educational settings limit their ability to learn critically. He later extended this idea of routine decisionmaking to teaching, and maintained that teachers can become slaves to routine decision-making if they do not engage in reflection. When explaining such reflection, he first discussed what it is not, and for this, he asserted that it is not just mulling over something or engaging in what I would call ‘navel-gazing’. Instead, Dewey maintained that reflection should be systematic and intentional. Dewey (1933, p. 9) defined such reflection as, ‘active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads.’
Source: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/2024- 03/Farrell_Reflective_Practice_Final.pdf
Which alternative accurately describes the way Dewey’s contribution to reflective practice is presented in the text?
Read the text and answer question.
Origins of reflective practice
Humans have probably always reflected as they walked the earth, and for over 2,000 years philosophers such as Socrates, who became famous for his adage, ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’, was just one of many who advocated that people should reflect on their existence. In addition, the concept of contemplation and its awareness-raising effects has long been a part of many great religions and philosophical studies where we humans are encouraged to practise mindfulness. In more modern times, perhaps the two most famous philosophers associated with the concept of reflection are John Dewey (1933) and Donald Schön (1983), in that order. In fact, Dewey first discussed reflection in terms of student learning (rather than for teachers), as he suggested that routine thinking and decisionmaking by students in educational settings limit their ability to learn critically. He later extended this idea of routine decisionmaking to teaching, and maintained that teachers can become slaves to routine decision-making if they do not engage in reflection. When explaining such reflection, he first discussed what it is not, and for this, he asserted that it is not just mulling over something or engaging in what I would call ‘navel-gazing’. Instead, Dewey maintained that reflection should be systematic and intentional. Dewey (1933, p. 9) defined such reflection as, ‘active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in light of the grounds that support it and the further consequences to which it leads.’
Source: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/2024- 03/Farrell_Reflective_Practice_Final.pdf
According to the text, what was one of Dewey’s main concerns about routine thinking in educational contexts?
Complete the sentences with the appropriate relative pronouns.
I. The teacher ______ designed the assessment included both grammar and reading comprehension questions.
II. The article ______ we discussed during the seminar presents a critical view of language teaching methods.
III. The school ______ the research was conducted serves students from different social backgrounds.
IV. The reason ______ the students performed better was related to the use of authentic materials.
Choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence.
Choose the alternative in which the underlined word is not a false cognate in English.
Read the sentences below and choose the alternative that correctly explains the meaning of the modal verb in each case.
I. Candidates shall submit all required documents before the final deadline.
II. Shall we begin the meeting now?
Choose the alternative in which the conditional sentence is correctly used.
Choose the alternative in which the irregular verbs are correctly used.
Choose the alternative in which the gerund form functions as a noun.
Read the sentences below and choose the alternative that correctly explains the use of the linking word.
I. While the students were completing the activity, the teacher observed their interaction patterns.
II. While digital tools can increase student engagement, they may also reinforce inequalities when access is limited.
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