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According to researchers in Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, hummingbirds have extreme aerial agility and flight forms, which is why many drones and other aerial vehicles are designed to mimic hummingbird movement. Using a novel modeling method, Professor Bo Cheng and his team of researchers gained new insights into how hummingbirds produce wing movement, which could lead to design improvements in flying robots.
“We essentially reverse-engineered the inner working of the wing musculoskeletal system — how the muscles and skeleton work in hummingbirds to flap the wings,” said first author and Penn State mechanical engineering graduate student Suyash Agrawal. “The traditional methods have mostly focused on measuring activity of a bird or insect when they are in natural flight or in an artificial environment where flight-like conditions are simulated. But most insects and, among birds specifically, hummingbirds are very small. The data that we can get from those measurements are limited.”
Penn State researchers used muscle anatomy literature, computational fluid dynamics simulation data and wing-skeletal movement information captured using micro-CT and X-ray methods to inform their model. They also used an optimization algorithm based on evolutionary strategies, known as the genetic algorithm, to calibrate the parameters of the model. According to the researchers, their approach is the first to integrate these disparate parts for biological fliers.
With this model, the researchers uncovered previously unknown principles of hummingbird wing actuation. While Cheng emphasized that the results from the optimized model are predictions that will need validation, he said that it has implications for technological development of aerial vehicles.
Internet: <www.labmanager.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
Traditional measuring techniques offered restricted input
about the flight of insects.
According to researchers in Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, hummingbirds have extreme aerial agility and flight forms, which is why many drones and other aerial vehicles are designed to mimic hummingbird movement. Using a novel modeling method, Professor Bo Cheng and his team of researchers gained new insights into how hummingbirds produce wing movement, which could lead to design improvements in flying robots.
“We essentially reverse-engineered the inner working of the wing musculoskeletal system — how the muscles and skeleton work in hummingbirds to flap the wings,” said first author and Penn State mechanical engineering graduate student Suyash Agrawal. “The traditional methods have mostly focused on measuring activity of a bird or insect when they are in natural flight or in an artificial environment where flight-like conditions are simulated. But most insects and, among birds specifically, hummingbirds are very small. The data that we can get from those measurements are limited.”
Penn State researchers used muscle anatomy literature, computational fluid dynamics simulation data and wing-skeletal movement information captured using micro-CT and X-ray methods to inform their model. They also used an optimization algorithm based on evolutionary strategies, known as the genetic algorithm, to calibrate the parameters of the model. According to the researchers, their approach is the first to integrate these disparate parts for biological fliers.
With this model, the researchers uncovered previously unknown principles of hummingbird wing actuation. While Cheng emphasized that the results from the optimized model are predictions that will need validation, he said that it has implications for technological development of aerial vehicles.
Internet: <www.labmanager.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
Professor Cheng and his team have acquired fresh
perspective on the mechanics of wing motion in
hummingbirds.
According to researchers in Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, hummingbirds have extreme aerial agility and flight forms, which is why many drones and other aerial vehicles are designed to mimic hummingbird movement. Using a novel modeling method, Professor Bo Cheng and his team of researchers gained new insights into how hummingbirds produce wing movement, which could lead to design improvements in flying robots.
“We essentially reverse-engineered the inner working of the wing musculoskeletal system — how the muscles and skeleton work in hummingbirds to flap the wings,” said first author and Penn State mechanical engineering graduate student Suyash Agrawal. “The traditional methods have mostly focused on measuring activity of a bird or insect when they are in natural flight or in an artificial environment where flight-like conditions are simulated. But most insects and, among birds specifically, hummingbirds are very small. The data that we can get from those measurements are limited.”
Penn State researchers used muscle anatomy literature, computational fluid dynamics simulation data and wing-skeletal movement information captured using micro-CT and X-ray methods to inform their model. They also used an optimization algorithm based on evolutionary strategies, known as the genetic algorithm, to calibrate the parameters of the model. According to the researchers, their approach is the first to integrate these disparate parts for biological fliers.
With this model, the researchers uncovered previously unknown principles of hummingbird wing actuation. While Cheng emphasized that the results from the optimized model are predictions that will need validation, he said that it has implications for technological development of aerial vehicles.
Internet: <www.labmanager.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
The research findings presented in the text have yielded
numerous advancements for the aerospace industry.
According to researchers in Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, hummingbirds have extreme aerial agility and flight forms, which is why many drones and other aerial vehicles are designed to mimic hummingbird movement. Using a novel modeling method, Professor Bo Cheng and his team of researchers gained new insights into how hummingbirds produce wing movement, which could lead to design improvements in flying robots.
“We essentially reverse-engineered the inner working of the wing musculoskeletal system — how the muscles and skeleton work in hummingbirds to flap the wings,” said first author and Penn State mechanical engineering graduate student Suyash Agrawal. “The traditional methods have mostly focused on measuring activity of a bird or insect when they are in natural flight or in an artificial environment where flight-like conditions are simulated. But most insects and, among birds specifically, hummingbirds are very small. The data that we can get from those measurements are limited.”
Penn State researchers used muscle anatomy literature, computational fluid dynamics simulation data and wing-skeletal movement information captured using micro-CT and X-ray methods to inform their model. They also used an optimization algorithm based on evolutionary strategies, known as the genetic algorithm, to calibrate the parameters of the model. According to the researchers, their approach is the first to integrate these disparate parts for biological fliers.
With this model, the researchers uncovered previously unknown principles of hummingbird wing actuation. While Cheng emphasized that the results from the optimized model are predictions that will need validation, he said that it has implications for technological development of aerial vehicles.
Internet: <www.labmanager.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
According to the text, Penn State researchers were the first to
use the genetic algorithm to investigate flying patterns.
According to researchers in Mechanical Engineering at Penn State University, hummingbirds have extreme aerial agility and flight forms, which is why many drones and other aerial vehicles are designed to mimic hummingbird movement. Using a novel modeling method, Professor Bo Cheng and his team of researchers gained new insights into how hummingbirds produce wing movement, which could lead to design improvements in flying robots.
“We essentially reverse-engineered the inner working of the wing musculoskeletal system — how the muscles and skeleton work in hummingbirds to flap the wings,” said first author and Penn State mechanical engineering graduate student Suyash Agrawal. “The traditional methods have mostly focused on measuring activity of a bird or insect when they are in natural flight or in an artificial environment where flight-like conditions are simulated. But most insects and, among birds specifically, hummingbirds are very small. The data that we can get from those measurements are limited.”
Penn State researchers used muscle anatomy literature, computational fluid dynamics simulation data and wing-skeletal movement information captured using micro-CT and X-ray methods to inform their model. They also used an optimization algorithm based on evolutionary strategies, known as the genetic algorithm, to calibrate the parameters of the model. According to the researchers, their approach is the first to integrate these disparate parts for biological fliers.
With this model, the researchers uncovered previously unknown principles of hummingbird wing actuation. While Cheng emphasized that the results from the optimized model are predictions that will need validation, he said that it has implications for technological development of aerial vehicles.
Internet: <www.labmanager.com> (adapted).
In the text, the term ‘reverse-engineered’ (first sentence of the second paragraph) is not referring to an industrial product, which represents a variation of its conventional meaning.
A sequência que define corretamente os conceitos citados, de cima para baixo, é:
Relacione os Sistemas Integrados de Gestão com suas respectivas definições e assinale a opção correta.
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE GESTÃO
1 ─ MRP ─ Materials Requirements Planning
2 – MRP II – Manufacturing Resources Planning
3 – DRP – Distributions Requirements Planning
4 – SYCHRO
5 – ERP – Enterprise Resources Planning
DESCRIÇÃO
( ) Planejamento das necessidades
da produção, evolução do MRP,
incluindo o cálculo da necessidade de
capacidade produtiva, além dos materiais,
com integração de informações para
planejamento de negócios financeiros e
marketing.
( ) Planejamento das necessidades da empresa, apresentado em 1991 e desenvolvido pelo SAP, é a evolução dos sistemas integrados de planejamento e controle, contemplando todas as funções dos demais sistemas, incluindo qualidade, pessoal, manutenção, entre outras funções de apoio, como operações. O sistema integra todas as transações até o livro razão da empresa. A inclusão do conceito e da ferramenta de workflow permite que a empresa seja parametrizada e gerida por meio de processos que aderem a seu fluxo de geração de valor.
( ) Planejamento das necessidades de materiais – inventado no fim da década de 1950, esse sistema realiza a explosão de materiais, calcula a necessidade de materiais com base na previsão de vendas de produtos e ajusta tempos de reposição para que seja minimizado o disparo de produções antes da necessidade do item.
( ) Planejamento das necessidades de distribuição – módulo que permite calcular as necessidades de distribuição de produtos com base em uma estrutura preestabelecida de mercado ou política de distribuição.
( ) Módulo de sincronização da
produção, que se integra aos MRPs e
permite dimensionar, adequadamente,
qual filosofia de gestão aplicar para
otimizar o fluxo de produção e distribuição
(fluxo do ganho, ou seja, leva em conta
planejamento de acordo com as filosofias
de MRP, JIT e TOC).
As ferramentas da qualidade são utilizadas na Análise e Melhoria de Processos, para a resolução de deficiências de processos nas empresas, seguindo o ciclo PDCA. As etapas da busca pela solução dos problemas em um processo hipotético, com fatos existentes e dados inexistentes, foram listadas abaixo, em sequência lógica:
1- Estudo do processo.
2- Coletar dados, identificação, observação e priorização do problema.
3- Análise: identificar as causas raízes.
4- Planejar ações de melhoria.
5- Implementar ação de melhoria.
6- Verificar e controlar o processo.
7- Normalizar o processo.
Considerando que temos fatos existentes e dados
inexistentes, assinale a opção que corresponda às
ferramentas da qualidade utilizadas em cada uma das
sete etapas.
CONCEITO 1- Handoffs 2- Regras de Negócio 3- Análise de Capacidade 4- Gargalo 5- Negócio 6- Processo de Negócio
DESCRIÇÃO ( ) Restrição de capacidade que cria uma fila. ( ) Refere-se a pessoas que interagem para executar um conjunto de atividades de entrega de valor para os clientes e gerar retorno às partes interessadas. ( ) Testa os limites inferior e superior e determina se fatores de execução do processo podem apropriadamente diminuir ou aumentar em escala para atender a demanda. ( ) Qualquer ponto em um processo em que o trabalho ou a informação passa de uma função para outra. ( ) Impõem restrições e direcionam decisões que impactam a natureza e o desempenho do processo. ( ) É um trabalho que entrega valor para os clientes ou apoia/ gerencia outros processos.
Assinale a opção correta.
Conheça nossos planos