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Q2908084 Inglês
Stanford physicists make new form of matter
The laser-cooled quantum gas opens exciting new realms of unconventional superconductivity
By Max McClure Stanford University News

Within the exotic world of macroscopic quantum effects, where fluids flow uphill, wires conduct without electrical resistance and magnets levitate, there is an even stranger family of “unconventional” phenomena: strongly interacting fermions, a class of particles that are often very difficult to understand on the quantum level. These materials often defy explanation by current theoretical physics, but hold enormous promise for the development of futuristic technologies as room-temperature superconductors, ultrasensitive microscopes and quantum computation. Last week the scientific world was appalled when a Stanford team made the announcement in Physical Review Letters that they had created the world’s first dipolar quantum fermionic gas– “an entirely new form of quantum matter,” as Stanford applied physics Professor and lead author Benjamin Lev puts it. Lev affirmed that this development represents a major step toward understanding the behavior of these systems of particles. Until now, research efforts had focused on cooling bosons – fundamentally different from fermions, and much easier to work with. But now the Stanford team extended these techniques to gases made of the most magnetic atom: a fermionic isotope of dysprosium with magnetic energies 440 times larger than previously cooled gases. He explained that when the thermal energy of some substances drops below a certain critical point, it used to be impossible to consider its component particles separately since the material becomes strongly correlated and its quantum effects become difficult to understand and study. Nevertheless, making the material out of a gas of atoms allows it to become visible. These quantum gases, the coldest objects known to man, are where researchers can observe zero-viscosity fluids – superfluids – that are mathematical cousins of superconductors. Thus far, the result of the Lev lab’s high-tech efforts is a tiny ball of ultracold quantum dipolar fluid. But the researchers have reason to believe that the humble substance will exhibit the seemingly contradictory characteristics of both crystals and superfluids. This combination could lead to quantum liquid crystals. Or it could yield a supersolid – a hypothetical state of matter that would, in theory at least, be a solid with superfluid characteristics. The researchers have already begun developing a microscope to make use of the dipolar quantum fluid’s unique characteristics. It is the “cryogenic atom chip microscope”, a magnetic probe that should measure magnetic fields with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. “This kind of probe may even allow for a more stable form of quantum computation that uses exotic quantum matter to process information, known as a topologically protected quantum computer”, said Lev. “So this new approach is really incredibly exciting.” 

Available at: <http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/lev-new- -matter-060512.html>. Retrieved on: 5 June 2012. Adapted.

According to the text, the cryogenic atom chip microscope

Alternativas
Q2908083 Inglês
Stanford physicists make new form of matter
The laser-cooled quantum gas opens exciting new realms of unconventional superconductivity
By Max McClure Stanford University News

Within the exotic world of macroscopic quantum effects, where fluids flow uphill, wires conduct without electrical resistance and magnets levitate, there is an even stranger family of “unconventional” phenomena: strongly interacting fermions, a class of particles that are often very difficult to understand on the quantum level. These materials often defy explanation by current theoretical physics, but hold enormous promise for the development of futuristic technologies as room-temperature superconductors, ultrasensitive microscopes and quantum computation. Last week the scientific world was appalled when a Stanford team made the announcement in Physical Review Letters that they had created the world’s first dipolar quantum fermionic gas– “an entirely new form of quantum matter,” as Stanford applied physics Professor and lead author Benjamin Lev puts it. Lev affirmed that this development represents a major step toward understanding the behavior of these systems of particles. Until now, research efforts had focused on cooling bosons – fundamentally different from fermions, and much easier to work with. But now the Stanford team extended these techniques to gases made of the most magnetic atom: a fermionic isotope of dysprosium with magnetic energies 440 times larger than previously cooled gases. He explained that when the thermal energy of some substances drops below a certain critical point, it used to be impossible to consider its component particles separately since the material becomes strongly correlated and its quantum effects become difficult to understand and study. Nevertheless, making the material out of a gas of atoms allows it to become visible. These quantum gases, the coldest objects known to man, are where researchers can observe zero-viscosity fluids – superfluids – that are mathematical cousins of superconductors. Thus far, the result of the Lev lab’s high-tech efforts is a tiny ball of ultracold quantum dipolar fluid. But the researchers have reason to believe that the humble substance will exhibit the seemingly contradictory characteristics of both crystals and superfluids. This combination could lead to quantum liquid crystals. Or it could yield a supersolid – a hypothetical state of matter that would, in theory at least, be a solid with superfluid characteristics. The researchers have already begun developing a microscope to make use of the dipolar quantum fluid’s unique characteristics. It is the “cryogenic atom chip microscope”, a magnetic probe that should measure magnetic fields with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. “This kind of probe may even allow for a more stable form of quantum computation that uses exotic quantum matter to process information, known as a topologically protected quantum computer”, said Lev. “So this new approach is really incredibly exciting.” 

Available at: <http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/lev-new- -matter-060512.html>. Retrieved on: 5 June 2012. Adapted.

According to the text, this new material has the opposing qualities of being

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Q2908082 Inglês
Stanford physicists make new form of matter
The laser-cooled quantum gas opens exciting new realms of unconventional superconductivity
By Max McClure Stanford University News

Within the exotic world of macroscopic quantum effects, where fluids flow uphill, wires conduct without electrical resistance and magnets levitate, there is an even stranger family of “unconventional” phenomena: strongly interacting fermions, a class of particles that are often very difficult to understand on the quantum level. These materials often defy explanation by current theoretical physics, but hold enormous promise for the development of futuristic technologies as room-temperature superconductors, ultrasensitive microscopes and quantum computation. Last week the scientific world was appalled when a Stanford team made the announcement in Physical Review Letters that they had created the world’s first dipolar quantum fermionic gas– “an entirely new form of quantum matter,” as Stanford applied physics Professor and lead author Benjamin Lev puts it. Lev affirmed that this development represents a major step toward understanding the behavior of these systems of particles. Until now, research efforts had focused on cooling bosons – fundamentally different from fermions, and much easier to work with. But now the Stanford team extended these techniques to gases made of the most magnetic atom: a fermionic isotope of dysprosium with magnetic energies 440 times larger than previously cooled gases. He explained that when the thermal energy of some substances drops below a certain critical point, it used to be impossible to consider its component particles separately since the material becomes strongly correlated and its quantum effects become difficult to understand and study. Nevertheless, making the material out of a gas of atoms allows it to become visible. These quantum gases, the coldest objects known to man, are where researchers can observe zero-viscosity fluids – superfluids – that are mathematical cousins of superconductors. Thus far, the result of the Lev lab’s high-tech efforts is a tiny ball of ultracold quantum dipolar fluid. But the researchers have reason to believe that the humble substance will exhibit the seemingly contradictory characteristics of both crystals and superfluids. This combination could lead to quantum liquid crystals. Or it could yield a supersolid – a hypothetical state of matter that would, in theory at least, be a solid with superfluid characteristics. The researchers have already begun developing a microscope to make use of the dipolar quantum fluid’s unique characteristics. It is the “cryogenic atom chip microscope”, a magnetic probe that should measure magnetic fields with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. “This kind of probe may even allow for a more stable form of quantum computation that uses exotic quantum matter to process information, known as a topologically protected quantum computer”, said Lev. “So this new approach is really incredibly exciting.” 

Available at: <http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/lev-new- -matter-060512.html>. Retrieved on: 5 June 2012. Adapted.

In the text, the word in bold-face type is similar to the one in italics in

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Q2908081 Inglês
Stanford physicists make new form of matter
The laser-cooled quantum gas opens exciting new realms of unconventional superconductivity
By Max McClure Stanford University News

Within the exotic world of macroscopic quantum effects, where fluids flow uphill, wires conduct without electrical resistance and magnets levitate, there is an even stranger family of “unconventional” phenomena: strongly interacting fermions, a class of particles that are often very difficult to understand on the quantum level. These materials often defy explanation by current theoretical physics, but hold enormous promise for the development of futuristic technologies as room-temperature superconductors, ultrasensitive microscopes and quantum computation. Last week the scientific world was appalled when a Stanford team made the announcement in Physical Review Letters that they had created the world’s first dipolar quantum fermionic gas– “an entirely new form of quantum matter,” as Stanford applied physics Professor and lead author Benjamin Lev puts it. Lev affirmed that this development represents a major step toward understanding the behavior of these systems of particles. Until now, research efforts had focused on cooling bosons – fundamentally different from fermions, and much easier to work with. But now the Stanford team extended these techniques to gases made of the most magnetic atom: a fermionic isotope of dysprosium with magnetic energies 440 times larger than previously cooled gases. He explained that when the thermal energy of some substances drops below a certain critical point, it used to be impossible to consider its component particles separately since the material becomes strongly correlated and its quantum effects become difficult to understand and study. Nevertheless, making the material out of a gas of atoms allows it to become visible. These quantum gases, the coldest objects known to man, are where researchers can observe zero-viscosity fluids – superfluids – that are mathematical cousins of superconductors. Thus far, the result of the Lev lab’s high-tech efforts is a tiny ball of ultracold quantum dipolar fluid. But the researchers have reason to believe that the humble substance will exhibit the seemingly contradictory characteristics of both crystals and superfluids. This combination could lead to quantum liquid crystals. Or it could yield a supersolid – a hypothetical state of matter that would, in theory at least, be a solid with superfluid characteristics. The researchers have already begun developing a microscope to make use of the dipolar quantum fluid’s unique characteristics. It is the “cryogenic atom chip microscope”, a magnetic probe that should measure magnetic fields with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. “This kind of probe may even allow for a more stable form of quantum computation that uses exotic quantum matter to process information, known as a topologically protected quantum computer”, said Lev. “So this new approach is really incredibly exciting.” 

Available at: <http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/lev-new- -matter-060512.html>. Retrieved on: 5 June 2012. Adapted.

In the second paragraph of the text, it is clear that

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Q2908080 Inglês
Stanford physicists make new form of matter
The laser-cooled quantum gas opens exciting new realms of unconventional superconductivity
By Max McClure Stanford University News

Within the exotic world of macroscopic quantum effects, where fluids flow uphill, wires conduct without electrical resistance and magnets levitate, there is an even stranger family of “unconventional” phenomena: strongly interacting fermions, a class of particles that are often very difficult to understand on the quantum level. These materials often defy explanation by current theoretical physics, but hold enormous promise for the development of futuristic technologies as room-temperature superconductors, ultrasensitive microscopes and quantum computation. Last week the scientific world was appalled when a Stanford team made the announcement in Physical Review Letters that they had created the world’s first dipolar quantum fermionic gas– “an entirely new form of quantum matter,” as Stanford applied physics Professor and lead author Benjamin Lev puts it. Lev affirmed that this development represents a major step toward understanding the behavior of these systems of particles. Until now, research efforts had focused on cooling bosons – fundamentally different from fermions, and much easier to work with. But now the Stanford team extended these techniques to gases made of the most magnetic atom: a fermionic isotope of dysprosium with magnetic energies 440 times larger than previously cooled gases. He explained that when the thermal energy of some substances drops below a certain critical point, it used to be impossible to consider its component particles separately since the material becomes strongly correlated and its quantum effects become difficult to understand and study. Nevertheless, making the material out of a gas of atoms allows it to become visible. These quantum gases, the coldest objects known to man, are where researchers can observe zero-viscosity fluids – superfluids – that are mathematical cousins of superconductors. Thus far, the result of the Lev lab’s high-tech efforts is a tiny ball of ultracold quantum dipolar fluid. But the researchers have reason to believe that the humble substance will exhibit the seemingly contradictory characteristics of both crystals and superfluids. This combination could lead to quantum liquid crystals. Or it could yield a supersolid – a hypothetical state of matter that would, in theory at least, be a solid with superfluid characteristics. The researchers have already begun developing a microscope to make use of the dipolar quantum fluid’s unique characteristics. It is the “cryogenic atom chip microscope”, a magnetic probe that should measure magnetic fields with unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. “This kind of probe may even allow for a more stable form of quantum computation that uses exotic quantum matter to process information, known as a topologically protected quantum computer”, said Lev. “So this new approach is really incredibly exciting.” 

Available at: <http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/june/lev-new- -matter-060512.html>. Retrieved on: 5 June 2012. Adapted.

According to the text, fermions

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Q2908079 Matemática Financeira

Um produto teve seu preço original aumentado em 10% e passou a custar P reais.

Se, em vez de ser aumentado em 10%, o preço original do produto sofresse um desconto de 20%, o produto passaria a custar, em reais,

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Q2908078 Matemática
not valid statement found
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Q2908077 Matemática

Em um grande campo, há nove torres e cada uma delas deve ser conectada às demais por meio de cabos.

Se a conexão entre duas torres quaisquer sempre fizer uso de exatamente 20 cabos, quantos cabos serão necessários para ligar todas as nove torres entre si?

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Q2906940 Geografia

O Protocolo de Kyoto é um acordo internacional para a redução das emissões de gases estufa.

Esse protocolo

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Q2906933 Meio Ambiente

A retificação de imagens é um processo que deve ser realizado sempre que se utilizam insumos para aplicações em cartografia, análise ambiental e geoposicionamento.

O problema da retificação de uma imagem de terreno desdobra-se, basicamente, em duas etapas: uma é a transformação de coordenadas; a outra é a(o)

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Q2906932 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

Relacione as tecnologias para disposição e tratamento dos resíduos sólidos com suas características.


I - Aterro sanitário

II - Usina de compostagem

III - Incinerador de lixo 


P - Ocorre liberação de gás metano que se acumula nas partes superiores das câmaras, devendo ser drenado(a) para queima ou benefi ciamento.

Q - Tem como principais desvantagens do processo o alto investimento na operação e na manutenção, além da exigência de mão de obra qualifi cada.

R - Reduz o lixo a cinzas e gases, sendo recomendado(a) para resíduos perigosos hospitalares.

S - Possibilita a reciclagem de materiais e inibe a presença de catadores, sendo indicado(a) para regiões não muito populosas.



As associações corretas são:

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Q2906926 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (Cetesb) desenvolveu uma planilha para avaliação de risco de populações expostas a passivos de contaminação de solos e águas subterrâneas.
DEMAJOROVIC, Jacques ; VILELA, Alcir Junior. Modelos e Ferramentas De Gestão Ambiental. São Paulo: Editora Senac, p. 268.

Em relação à avaliação de risco das populações mencionadas, considere as afirmações abaixo.
I - O resultado da avaliação de risco orientará a definição da faixa de concentração dos contaminantes que serão alcançados pela remediação. II - A avaliação de risco é usada para a quantificação das consequências de um episódio de contaminação. III - A base para a avaliação de risco é a quantificação de risco à saúde da fauna. IV - A qualidade das informações levantadas em campo é indiferente para a qualidade dos resultados obtidos na avaliação de risco.

Estão corretas as afirmações 
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Q2906925 Meio Ambiente

A principal forma de introdução de compostos organoclorados no ambiente marinho é pela via atmosférica, por serem eles facilmente volatilizáveis.

Pelas características dos organoclorados, qual é a forma mais indicada de monitorar sua presença em ambientes costeiros?

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Q2906920 Meio Ambiente

No Pantanal, um importante processo é a flutuação sazonal no nível das águas. Há um outro processo, superposto à principal função de força dos lagos, que interfere nos mecanismos de estratificação de densidade, oxigênio dissolvido e pH.

Qual é esse outro processo?

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Q2906915 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

A produção brasileira de etanol tem vários aspectos socioambientais.

Um desses aspectos diz respeito ao fato de a(o)

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Q2906908 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

A presença de reservatórios pode causar variações nas fases do ciclo hidrológico.

Tais variações podem ser causadas por

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Q2906907 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
A respeito do consumo energético na cadeia de produção de biodiesel, constata-se que a(o)
Alternativas
Q2906901 Direito Ambiental

Um dos objetivos dos estudos de inventário hidrelétrico de bacias hidrográficas é a escolha da alternativa de divisão de queda que apresente o conjunto de obras e instalações correspondentes ao desenvolvimento integral do potencial hidrelétrico, econômico e ambientalmente aproveitável da bacia. Sobre a análise dos impactos socioambientais, usualmente contemplados nesses estudos, considere as afirmações abaixo.

I - A relação entre o número de empregos diretos, gerados pelo empreendimento ou conjunto de empreendimentos hidrelétricos, e a População Economicamente Ativa (PEA) corresponde a um indicador usual de potencial de dinamização do mercado de trabalho local.

II - Se o cenário de usos múltiplos da água na bacia hidrográfica, elaborado na fase de estudos preliminares, previr volumes a alocar em reservatórios para o controle de cheias, haverá um impacto negativo do empreendimento.

III - Nos casos de instalações geradoras, com capacidade nominal superior a 10.000 kW, uma parcela da receita será revertida aos Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios que tiverem parte de seu território inundado pelo reservatório artificial, que foi formado na ocasião de implementação da usina.

IV - A avaliação do impacto positivo para a navegação fluvial, decorrente da implantação de um aproveitamento hidrelétrico, geralmente é feita levando-se em conta a verificação da garantia das condições propícias para o transporte hidroviário ou da construção de algum tipo de sistema de transposição de embarcações, cargas ou passageiros pela via navegável.

Estão corretas APENAS as afirmações

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Q2906891 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária

O efeito estufa terá consequências diversas na produtividade dos ambientes terrestres.

Entre essas consequências, encontra-se a(o)

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Q2906886 Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária
Em relação às mudanças climáticas, observa-se que uma das principais consequências do alagamento de uma área ocupada por vegetação para a construção de hidrelétricas é o(a)
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Respostas
16401: D
16402: C
16403: D
16404: B
16405: B
16406: E
16407: C
16408: B
16409: C
16410: A
16411: A
16412: A
16413: B
16414: C
16415: D
16416: E
16417: D
16418: E
16419: C
16420: C