Foram encontradas 366.008 questões

Resolva questões gratuitamente!

Junte-se a mais de 4 milhões de concurseiros!

Q4443008 Inglês
    Dante, the Italian author, was sort of a linguistic Darwin. He held a heretical theory. Europe’s languages, he thought, had not been made in a single moment, in a biblical Babel, but had evolved. With the care of a Victorian naturalist, he thus split Europe’s languages into families by their words for "yes": those who lived in southern France and said "oc" spoke a "Langue d’oc". 

    He was spot-on. Four centuries later, a British judge and polyglot called Sir William Jones arrived in Calcutta and was struck by the similarities between Latin and Sanskrit words for terms such as house (domus, dam) and god (deus, deva). Clearly they had "sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists". The world’s languages were not a Babel but a brotherhood. 

    Proto, a new book by Laura Spinney, a journalist, offers a biography of that brotherhood—or rather its parent. For Jones’s "common source" now has a name: "Proto-Indo-European" (PIE). It was first spoken by as little as a few dozen people around the Black Sea then, roughly 5,000 years ago, spread with rapidity "from Ireland to India". Today, its offshoots include Irish, Hindi—and more or less everything in between. Almost half of the world’s population speaks a descendant of it. 

    PIE is long dead, but traces of it remain caught, like insects in amber, in modern languages, allowing academics to bring it back to life. Scholars know, for example, its speakers found visitors irritating: the PIE word "ghostis" gives English not just "guest" but "ghost", and Latin its word for "host" but also "enemy". 

Internet: <https://www.economist.com>(Adapted)



Evaluate the following item, which relates to the provided text and to new trends in English language teaching.
The comparison between Dante and Darwin, made in the first paragraph of the text, highlights the evolution aspect present in the history of languages. 
Alternativas
Q4443007 Pedagogia
    Dante, the Italian author, was sort of a linguistic Darwin. He held a heretical theory. Europe’s languages, he thought, had not been made in a single moment, in a biblical Babel, but had evolved. With the care of a Victorian naturalist, he thus split Europe’s languages into families by their words for "yes": those who lived in southern France and said "oc" spoke a "Langue d’oc". 

    He was spot-on. Four centuries later, a British judge and polyglot called Sir William Jones arrived in Calcutta and was struck by the similarities between Latin and Sanskrit words for terms such as house (domus, dam) and god (deus, deva). Clearly they had "sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists". The world’s languages were not a Babel but a brotherhood. 

    Proto, a new book by Laura Spinney, a journalist, offers a biography of that brotherhood—or rather its parent. For Jones’s "common source" now has a name: "Proto-Indo-European" (PIE). It was first spoken by as little as a few dozen people around the Black Sea then, roughly 5,000 years ago, spread with rapidity "from Ireland to India". Today, its offshoots include Irish, Hindi—and more or less everything in between. Almost half of the world’s population speaks a descendant of it. 

    PIE is long dead, but traces of it remain caught, like insects in amber, in modern languages, allowing academics to bring it back to life. Scholars know, for example, its speakers found visitors irritating: the PIE word "ghostis" gives English not just "guest" but "ghost", and Latin its word for "host" but also "enemy". 

Internet: <https://www.economist.com>(Adapted)



Evaluate the following item, which relates to the provided text and to new trends in English language teaching.
As far as pedagogical activities are concerned, an activity in which students would play a memorization game to learn Proto-Indo-European words by heart would be a correct and effective way to teach them the language, according to the new pedagogical trends in ELT. 
Alternativas
Q4443006 Inglês
    Never before have we had such easy access to languages we do not speak. AI translation tools can convert German, French or Japanese text into fluent English or Chinese in a matter of seconds. For many, these tools are a vital part of everyday life. Unfortunately, I have come to realise that the more these tools advance, the less we feel the need to learn foreign languages. 

    There is a misconception behind this. These tools treat languages as fixed channels that deliver the same information. They assume that knowledge exists in a stable, language - independent form and that switching languages simply means substituting one vocabulary for another. 

    This approach falls short. Languages are the key to human cultures. Their vocabularies never completely overlap. Moreover, languages use different methods to organise and pass on knowledge. This linguistic repertoire shapes the way communities communicate in specific situations, influencing how they structure arguments, frame statements and define the roles of author and audience. These patterns are learned. Similarly, language communities often develop their own conventions to convey authority, caution, criticism, belonging or respect. 

Giorgio Iemmolo. Why is it worth learning new languages?
Internet: <https://ethz.ch>.  (adapted). 



Evaluate the following item with regard to the preceding text.
The word "misconception", as used in the second paragraph, refers to the fact that AI translation tools can convert texts from one language into another. 
Alternativas
Q4443005 Inglês
    Never before have we had such easy access to languages we do not speak. AI translation tools can convert German, French or Japanese text into fluent English or Chinese in a matter of seconds. For many, these tools are a vital part of everyday life. Unfortunately, I have come to realise that the more these tools advance, the less we feel the need to learn foreign languages. 

    There is a misconception behind this. These tools treat languages as fixed channels that deliver the same information. They assume that knowledge exists in a stable, language - independent form and that switching languages simply means substituting one vocabulary for another. 

    This approach falls short. Languages are the key to human cultures. Their vocabularies never completely overlap. Moreover, languages use different methods to organise and pass on knowledge. This linguistic repertoire shapes the way communities communicate in specific situations, influencing how they structure arguments, frame statements and define the roles of author and audience. These patterns are learned. Similarly, language communities often develop their own conventions to convey authority, caution, criticism, belonging or respect. 

Giorgio Iemmolo. Why is it worth learning new languages?
Internet: <https://ethz.ch>.  (adapted). 



Evaluate the following item with regard to the preceding text.
According to the author, language is a complex means of communication, tied to culture and used differently depending on each specific situation. 
Alternativas
Q4443004 Inglês
    Never before have we had such easy access to languages we do not speak. AI translation tools can convert German, French or Japanese text into fluent English or Chinese in a matter of seconds. For many, these tools are a vital part of everyday life. Unfortunately, I have come to realise that the more these tools advance, the less we feel the need to learn foreign languages. 

    There is a misconception behind this. These tools treat languages as fixed channels that deliver the same information. They assume that knowledge exists in a stable, language - independent form and that switching languages simply means substituting one vocabulary for another. 

    This approach falls short. Languages are the key to human cultures. Their vocabularies never completely overlap. Moreover, languages use different methods to organise and pass on knowledge. This linguistic repertoire shapes the way communities communicate in specific situations, influencing how they structure arguments, frame statements and define the roles of author and audience. These patterns are learned. Similarly, language communities often develop their own conventions to convey authority, caution, criticism, belonging or respect. 

Giorgio Iemmolo. Why is it worth learning new languages?
Internet: <https://ethz.ch>.  (adapted). 



Evaluate the following item with regard to the preceding text.
It can be concluded from the text that AI translation tools are still not able to perfectly translate language in varied communicative situations. 
Alternativas
Q4443003 Inglês
    Never before have we had such easy access to languages we do not speak. AI translation tools can convert German, French or Japanese text into fluent English or Chinese in a matter of seconds. For many, these tools are a vital part of everyday life. Unfortunately, I have come to realise that the more these tools advance, the less we feel the need to learn foreign languages. 

    There is a misconception behind this. These tools treat languages as fixed channels that deliver the same information. They assume that knowledge exists in a stable, language - independent form and that switching languages simply means substituting one vocabulary for another. 

    This approach falls short. Languages are the key to human cultures. Their vocabularies never completely overlap. Moreover, languages use different methods to organise and pass on knowledge. This linguistic repertoire shapes the way communities communicate in specific situations, influencing how they structure arguments, frame statements and define the roles of author and audience. These patterns are learned. Similarly, language communities often develop their own conventions to convey authority, caution, criticism, belonging or respect. 

Giorgio Iemmolo. Why is it worth learning new languages?
Internet: <https://ethz.ch>.  (adapted). 



Evaluate the following item with regard to the preceding text.
According to the text, AI translation tools make it easier to learn a foreign language.
Alternativas
Q4443002 Inglês
    Never before have we had such easy access to languages we do not speak. AI translation tools can convert German, French or Japanese text into fluent English or Chinese in a matter of seconds. For many, these tools are a vital part of everyday life. Unfortunately, I have come to realise that the more these tools advance, the less we feel the need to learn foreign languages. 

    There is a misconception behind this. These tools treat languages as fixed channels that deliver the same information. They assume that knowledge exists in a stable, language - independent form and that switching languages simply means substituting one vocabulary for another. 

    This approach falls short. Languages are the key to human cultures. Their vocabularies never completely overlap. Moreover, languages use different methods to organise and pass on knowledge. This linguistic repertoire shapes the way communities communicate in specific situations, influencing how they structure arguments, frame statements and define the roles of author and audience. These patterns are learned. Similarly, language communities often develop their own conventions to convey authority, caution, criticism, belonging or respect. 

Giorgio Iemmolo. Why is it worth learning new languages?
Internet: <https://ethz.ch>.  (adapted). 



Evaluate the following item with regard to the preceding text.
It is possible to infer from the text that, in the author’s opinion, the development of AI translation tools puts foreign language learning at risk.
Alternativas
Q4441670 Pedagogia
Como certos passados, sistematicamente escrutinados pelos historiadores, amplamente debatidos e largamente documentados, podem ser simplesmente negados ou apresentados como invenções motivadas por interesses escusos? O que leva grupos e indivíduos a duvidarem da existência do Holocausto, da ditadura militar brasileira, dos incontáveis genocídios ao redor do mundo ou da escravidão? O surgimento de um cenário midiático-digital global facilitou a ampla disseminação de diferentes formas de negacionismo histórico. Pode-se questionar a extensão em que as tecnologias de mídia inauguraram uma era da “pós-verdade” radicalmente nova, caracterizada por uma “indiferença à verdade”. No entanto, está claro que essas novas tecnologias afetaram a maneira como muitas pessoas avaliam a autenticidade das afirmações e como criticam ou reivindicam a autoridade epistêmica.

Patrícia Valim; Alexandre Avelar; Berber Bevernage. Negacionismo, historiografia e perspectivas
de pesquisa. Revista Brasileira de História, v. 41, n. 87, 2021 (com adaptações).



Com relação aos efeitos das novas tecnologias de comunicação e o papel do ensino de história na educação digital, julgue o item a seguir.  
As informações sobre o passado que circulam nas redes sociais e mídias digitais devem ser tratadas em sala de aula a partir de uma atitude historiadora, assim como são abordadas as fontes históricas, sendo sua autoria, suas intenções, sua ideologia e veracidade discutidas a partir do instrumental da metodologia da História.
Alternativas
Q4441668 História
Numa perspectiva construtivista, não se trata mais de lidar com os fatos sociais como coisas, mas de analisar como os fatos sociais se tornam coisas. Como e por quem eles são solidificados e dotados de duração e estabilidade. Aplicada à memória coletiva, essa abordagem irá se interessar, portanto, pelos processos e atores que intervêm no trabalho de constituição e de formalização das memórias. Ao privilegiar a análise dos excluídos, dos marginalizados e das minorias, a história oral ressaltou a importância de memórias subterrâneas que, como parte integrante das culturas minoritárias e dominadas, se opõem à “memória oficial”. Num primeiro momento, essa abordagem faz da empatia com os grupos dominados estudados uma regra metodológica e reabilita a periferia e a marginalidade.

Michael Pollak. Memória, Esquecimento, Silêncio. Estudos Históricos,
v. 1, n. 2, 1989 (com adaptações).  


Considerando os debates científicos sobre os usos da memória e da oralidade e suas aplicações no ensino de história, julgue o item que se segue.
A memória e as narrativas sobre o passado, produzidas por diferentes sujeitos e grupos, devem ser tratadas como representações objetivas das realidades descritas.  
Alternativas
Q4441667 Sociologia
Numa perspectiva construtivista, não se trata mais de lidar com os fatos sociais como coisas, mas de analisar como os fatos sociais se tornam coisas. Como e por quem eles são solidificados e dotados de duração e estabilidade. Aplicada à memória coletiva, essa abordagem irá se interessar, portanto, pelos processos e atores que intervêm no trabalho de constituição e de formalização das memórias. Ao privilegiar a análise dos excluídos, dos marginalizados e das minorias, a história oral ressaltou a importância de memórias subterrâneas que, como parte integrante das culturas minoritárias e dominadas, se opõem à “memória oficial”. Num primeiro momento, essa abordagem faz da empatia com os grupos dominados estudados uma regra metodológica e reabilita a periferia e a marginalidade.

Michael Pollak. Memória, Esquecimento, Silêncio. Estudos Históricos,
v. 1, n. 2, 1989 (com adaptações).  


Considerando os debates científicos sobre os usos da memória e da oralidade e suas aplicações no ensino de história, julgue o item que se segue.
Na disputa pelos sentidos do passado no Brasil, a valorização das memórias silenciadas e da oralidade surge como possibilidade de reconhecimento de grupos invisibilizados pelas perspectivas eurocêntricas e elitistas da historiografia, como os negros, os indígenas, as mulheres e os homossexuais. 
Alternativas
Q4441666 História
Julgue o seguinte item, que diz respeito ao Quilombo dos Palmares.
Os quilombos, como o de Palmares, tornaram-se símbolo da resistência dos povos escravizados contra a violência da sociedade colonial portuguesa. 
Alternativas
Q4441665 História
Julgue o seguinte item, que diz respeito ao Quilombo dos Palmares.
O Quilombo dos Palmares foi a maior comunidade de escravizados fugidos durante o período colonial brasileiro. 
Alternativas
Q4441664 História
Julgue o seguinte item, que diz respeito ao Quilombo dos Palmares.
A liderança de Zumbi dos Palmares, ainda que, por vezes, estereotipada ou mitificada, motivou a criação de um símbolo importante na luta contra as discriminações raciais.
Alternativas
Q4441663 História
Julgue o seguinte item, que diz respeito ao Quilombo dos Palmares.
Ainda que representasse uma forte afronta aos interesses escravocratas, Palmares não foi alvo de ataques das autoridades coloniais.
Alternativas
Q4441662 História
No que se concerne à elevação da capitania de Pernambuco a província em 1821, julgue o item subsequente. 
O processo de elevação da capitania de Pernambuco a província ocorreu em um período de grande agitação política, tanto no Brasil quanto em Portugal. 
Alternativas
Q4441661 História
No que se concerne à elevação da capitania de Pernambuco a província em 1821, julgue o item subsequente. 
Esse evento histórico ocorreu em um contexto demográfico em que os escravizados representavam mais da metade da população local.
Alternativas
Q4441660 História
No que se concerne à elevação da capitania de Pernambuco a província em 1821, julgue o item subsequente. 
A partir de 1821, o governo de Gervásio Pires alinhou-se às Cortes de Portugal, ainda que as elites de Pernambuco tivessem aderido à proposta de independência de José Bonifácio.
Alternativas
Q4441659 História
No que se concerne à elevação da capitania de Pernambuco a província em 1821, julgue o item subsequente. 
Os federalistas pernambucanos acreditavam que, uma vez que fosse desfeita a unidade do Reino de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves, a soberania deveria retornar às províncias.
Alternativas
Q4441658 História
Julgue o item que se segue, relativo à Revolução Pernambucana de 1817. 
O movimento político revolucionário tinha cunho fortemente anticolonial. 
Alternativas
Q4441657 História
Julgue o item que se segue, relativo à Revolução Pernambucana de 1817. 
O processo revolucionário foi organizado, liderado e composto pela elite local, que formava um bloco homogêneo em defesa de um único interesse e projeto político: o controle das regiões açucareiras. 
Alternativas
Respostas
201: C
202: E
203: E
204: C
205: C
206: E
207: C
208: C
209: E
210: C
211: C
212: C
213: C
214: E
215: C
216: C
217: E
218: C
219: C
220: E