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Choose the alternative that presents the management skill associated with the following statements:
“Establishing direction—developing both a vision of the future and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision”
“Aligning people—communicating the
vision by words and deeds to all those
whose cooperation may be needed to
achieve the vision.”
Set the Table
When you begin writing tests, you will discover a common pattern:
1. Create some objects
2. Stimulate them
3. Check the results
While the stimulation and checking steps are unique test-to-test, the creation step is often familiar. I have a 2 and 3. If I add them, I expect 5. If I subtract them, I expect – 1, if I multiply them, I expect 6. The stimulation and expected results are unique, the 2 and the 3 don’t change.
If this pattern repeats at different scales (and it does), then we’re faced with the question of how often do we want to create new objects. Looking back at our initial set of constraints, two constraints come into conflict:
· Performance—we would like our tests to run as quickly as possible
· Isolation—we would the success or failure of one test to be irrelevant to other tests
For performance sake, assuming creating the objects (we’ll call them collectively the “fixture”) is expensive, we would like to create them once and then run lots of tests.
But sharing objects between tests creates the possibility of test coupling. Test coupling can have an obvious nasty effect, where breaking one test causes the next ten to fail even though the code is correct. Test coupling can have a subtle really nasty effect, where the order of tests matters. If I run A before B, they both work, but if I run B before A, then A fails. Worse, the code exercised by B is wrong, but because A ran first, the test passes.
Kent Beck – Test-Driven Development By Example. Addison-Wesley Professional; Edição: 1. Novembro, 2002. Page 82.
Set the Table
When you begin writing tests, you will discover a common pattern:
1. Create some objects
2. Stimulate them
3. Check the results
While the stimulation and checking steps are unique test-to-test, the creation step is often familiar. I have a 2 and 3. If I add them, I expect 5. If I subtract them, I expect – 1, if I multiply them, I expect 6. The stimulation and expected results are unique, the 2 and the 3 don’t change.
If this pattern repeats at different scales (and it does), then we’re faced with the question of how often do we want to create new objects. Looking back at our initial set of constraints, two constraints come into conflict:
· Performance—we would like our tests to run as quickly as possible
· Isolation—we would the success or failure of one test to be irrelevant to other tests
For performance sake, assuming creating the objects (we’ll call them collectively the “fixture”) is expensive, we would like to create them once and then run lots of tests.
But sharing objects between tests creates the possibility of test coupling. Test coupling can have an obvious nasty effect, where breaking one test causes the next ten to fail even though the code is correct. Test coupling can have a subtle really nasty effect, where the order of tests matters. If I run A before B, they both work, but if I run B before A, then A fails. Worse, the code exercised by B is wrong, but because A ran first, the test passes.
Kent Beck – Test-Driven Development By Example. Addison-Wesley Professional; Edição: 1. Novembro, 2002. Page 82.
Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo.
Bill Introduction Limits. State legislators are faced with two conflicting pressures. On the one hand, lawmakers are asked to sponsor
a great deal of legislation because constituents and interest groups insist “there ought to be a law” for every public problem. 
,
legal provisions specify the length of time that most legislative bodies may remain in session. The ability to consider a
steadily increasing volume of bills is not necessarily compatible with restricted session time. In response, many chambers have
experimented with ways to curb the amount of legislation that enters the process. The most direct approach is to set a numerical limit
on bill introductions.
Para responder à questão, considere o texto abaixo.
Bill Introduction Limits. State legislators are faced with two conflicting pressures. On the one hand, lawmakers are asked to sponsor
a great deal of legislation because constituents and interest groups insist “there ought to be a law” for every public problem. ,
legal provisions specify the length of time that most legislative bodies may remain in session. The ability to consider a
steadily increasing volume of bills is not necessarily compatible with restricted session time. In response, many chambers have
experimented with ways to curb the amount of legislation that enters the process. The most direct approach is to set a numerical limit
on bill introductions.
Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder à questão.
Family-Based Immigrant Visas
Two groups of family based immigrant visa categories, including immediate relatives and family preference categories, are provided under the provisions of United States immigration law, specifically the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). As the first step, a sponsoring relative must file a Petition for Alien Relative, Form I-130 with the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Immediate Relative Immigrant Visas (Unlimited): These visa types are based on a close family relationship with a United States (U.S.) citizen described as an Immediate Relative (IR). The number of immigrants in these categories is not limited each fiscal year. Immediate relative visa types include:
− IR-1: Spouse of a U.S. Citizen Note: A spouse is a legally wedded husband or wife. Merely living together does not qualify a marriage for immigration.
− IR-2: Unmarried Child Under 21 Years of Age of a U.S. Citizen
− IR-3: Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S. Citizen
− IR-4: Orphan to be adopted in the U.S. by a U.S. citizen − IR-5: Parent of a U.S. Citizen who is at least 21 years old
Family Preference Immigrant Visas (Limited): These visa types are for specific, more distant, family relationships with a U.S. citizen and some specified relationships with a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR). There are fiscal year numerical limitations on family preference immigrants, shown at the end of each category. The family preference categories are:
− Family First Preference (F1): Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their minor children, if any. (23,400)
− Family Second Preference (F2): Spouses, minor children, and unmarried sons and daughters (age 21 and over) of LPRs. At least seventy-seven percent of all visas available for this category will go to the spouses and children; the remainder is allocated to unmarried sons and daughters. (114,200)
− Family Third Preference (F3): Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and minor children. (23,400)
− Family Fourth Preference (F4): Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and minor children, provided the U.S.
citizens are at least 21 years of age. (65,000)
Note: Grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws, and cousins cannot sponsor a relative for immigration.
Numerical Limitations for Limited Family-Based Preference Categories
Whenever the number of qualified applicants for a category exceeds the available immigrant visas, there will be an immigration wait. In this situation, the available immigrant visas will be issued in the chronological order in which the petitions were filed using their priority date.
Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder à questão.
Family-Based Immigrant Visas
Two groups of family based immigrant visa categories, including immediate relatives and family preference categories, are provided under the provisions of United States immigration law, specifically the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). As the first step, a sponsoring relative must file a Petition for Alien Relative, Form I-130 with the Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Immediate Relative Immigrant Visas (Unlimited): These visa types are based on a close family relationship with a United States (U.S.) citizen described as an Immediate Relative (IR). The number of immigrants in these categories is not limited each fiscal year. Immediate relative visa types include:
− IR-1: Spouse of a U.S. Citizen Note: A spouse is a legally wedded husband or wife. Merely living together does not qualify a marriage for immigration.
− IR-2: Unmarried Child Under 21 Years of Age of a U.S. Citizen
− IR-3: Orphan adopted abroad by a U.S. Citizen
− IR-4: Orphan to be adopted in the U.S. by a U.S. citizen − IR-5: Parent of a U.S. Citizen who is at least 21 years old
Family Preference Immigrant Visas (Limited): These visa types are for specific, more distant, family relationships with a U.S. citizen and some specified relationships with a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR). There are fiscal year numerical limitations on family preference immigrants, shown at the end of each category. The family preference categories are:
− Family First Preference (F1): Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their minor children, if any. (23,400)
− Family Second Preference (F2): Spouses, minor children, and unmarried sons and daughters (age 21 and over) of LPRs. At least seventy-seven percent of all visas available for this category will go to the spouses and children; the remainder is allocated to unmarried sons and daughters. (114,200)
− Family Third Preference (F3): Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and minor children. (23,400)
− Family Fourth Preference (F4): Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens, and their spouses and minor children, provided the U.S.
citizens are at least 21 years of age. (65,000)
Note: Grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws, and cousins cannot sponsor a relative for immigration.
Numerical Limitations for Limited Family-Based Preference Categories
Whenever the number of qualified applicants for a category exceeds the available immigrant visas, there will be an immigration wait. In this situation, the available immigrant visas will be issued in the chronological order in which the petitions were filed using their priority date.
Text 3:
Simple Steps to Improve Your English Reading Comprehension
1- Read the right books
If you dislike science fiction, you might not want to read a book about a man stuck on Mars. When you're choosing books (and other texts) to read, keep two things in mind:
1st. What you're interested in
2nd. Your reading level
Whenever you can, you should read things that you enjoy. You should also choose books that are at an English level just above the one you're most comfortable with. You want to challenge yourself just enough to learn new things, but not enough to get frustrated with your reading.
2. Ask yourself questions while reading and after reading
There's more to understanding a book than just reading the words!
There are a few things you can do before, during and after you read to help you better understand the text.
Before you read, browse the text. Take some time after you read too, to browse again and summarize what you remember. Try to quickly say or write a few sentences that describe what the text was all about.
Thinking about what you read will show you how much of it you really understood, and help you figure out if you still have questions.
Adapted from:
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/how-to-improve-englishreading/
Choose the only question that is grammatically correct.
Text 3:
Simple Steps to Improve Your English Reading Comprehension
1- Read the right books
If you dislike science fiction, you might not want to read a book about a man stuck on Mars. When you're choosing books (and other texts) to read, keep two things in mind:
1st. What you're interested in
2nd. Your reading level
Whenever you can, you should read things that you enjoy. You should also choose books that are at an English level just above the one you're most comfortable with. You want to challenge yourself just enough to learn new things, but not enough to get frustrated with your reading.
2. Ask yourself questions while reading and after reading
There's more to understanding a book than just reading the words!
There are a few things you can do before, during and after you read to help you better understand the text.
Before you read, browse the text. Take some time after you read too, to browse again and summarize what you remember. Try to quickly say or write a few sentences that describe what the text was all about.
Thinking about what you read will show you how much of it you really understood, and help you figure out if you still have questions.
Adapted from:
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/how-to-improve-englishreading/
The modal verb SHOULD in this context indicates:
Text 3:
Simple Steps to Improve Your English Reading Comprehension
1- Read the right books
If you dislike science fiction, you might not want to read a book about a man stuck on Mars. When you're choosing books (and other texts) to read, keep two things in mind:
1st. What you're interested in
2nd. Your reading level
Whenever you can, you should read things that you enjoy. You should also choose books that are at an English level just above the one you're most comfortable with. You want to challenge yourself just enough to learn new things, but not enough to get frustrated with your reading.
2. Ask yourself questions while reading and after reading
There's more to understanding a book than just reading the words!
There are a few things you can do before, during and after you read to help you better understand the text.
Before you read, browse the text. Take some time after you read too, to browse again and summarize what you remember. Try to quickly say or write a few sentences that describe what the text was all about.
Thinking about what you read will show you how much of it you really understood, and help you figure out if you still have questions.
Adapted from:
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/how-to-improve-englishreading/
Text 3:
Simple Steps to Improve Your English Reading Comprehension
1- Read the right books
If you dislike science fiction, you might not want to read a book about a man stuck on Mars. When you're choosing books (and other texts) to read, keep two things in mind:
1st. What you're interested in
2nd. Your reading level
Whenever you can, you should read things that you enjoy. You should also choose books that are at an English level just above the one you're most comfortable with. You want to challenge yourself just enough to learn new things, but not enough to get frustrated with your reading.
2. Ask yourself questions while reading and after reading
There's more to understanding a book than just reading the words!
There are a few things you can do before, during and after you read to help you better understand the text.
Before you read, browse the text. Take some time after you read too, to browse again and summarize what you remember. Try to quickly say or write a few sentences that describe what the text was all about.
Thinking about what you read will show you how much of it you really understood, and help you figure out if you still have questions.
Adapted from:
https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/how-to-improve-englishreading/
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