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Q3944852 Inglês
Teacher Qualifications, Professionalism, Competencies, and Benchmarks


To achieve professionalism, English language teachers (both native English-speaking teachers [NESTs] and nonnative English-speaking teachers [NNESTs]) need to gain competence in disciplinary content knowledge about the nature of language, language learning, and language teaching, as well as pedagogical content knowledge regarding teaching strategies that they can use to make their teaching contextually appropriate and effective. Teachers also need to achieve the ability to use English effectively for different purposes, and acquire knowledge about English that gives them the skills to analyze and explain the language. In addition, teachers need to engage in reflective activities and classroom-based research as part of developing teacher qualifications, in order to be able to make a connection between these bodies of knowledge and their practice and continue their professional development. Benchmarks developed to measure teachers' English language proficiency need to reflect local needs and constraints as well as respond to the role of English as a lingua franca.


Content extracted and adapted from:

DOĞANÇAY-AKTUNA, Seran; HARDMAN, Joel. Teacher qualifications, professionalism, competencies, and benchmarks: Nonnative English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0034
Professionalism in English Language Teaching requires some competencies. Based on Text 2, analyze the following statements and choose the CORRECT alternative whose proposition(s) is/are true.
I. Dealing with IA technologies.
II. Disciplinary content knowledge.
III. Pedagogical knowledge.
IV. Research publication.
V. Translation skills.
Alternativas
Q3944851 Inglês
Teacher Qualifications, Professionalism, Competencies, and Benchmarks


To achieve professionalism, English language teachers (both native English-speaking teachers [NESTs] and nonnative English-speaking teachers [NNESTs]) need to gain competence in disciplinary content knowledge about the nature of language, language learning, and language teaching, as well as pedagogical content knowledge regarding teaching strategies that they can use to make their teaching contextually appropriate and effective. Teachers also need to achieve the ability to use English effectively for different purposes, and acquire knowledge about English that gives them the skills to analyze and explain the language. In addition, teachers need to engage in reflective activities and classroom-based research as part of developing teacher qualifications, in order to be able to make a connection between these bodies of knowledge and their practice and continue their professional development. Benchmarks developed to measure teachers' English language proficiency need to reflect local needs and constraints as well as respond to the role of English as a lingua franca.


Content extracted and adapted from:

DOĞANÇAY-AKTUNA, Seran; HARDMAN, Joel. Teacher qualifications, professionalism, competencies, and benchmarks: Nonnative English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0034
Based on Text 2, select the only alternative that correctly reflects its main focus:
Alternativas
Q3944850 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Analyze the following sentences and select the only one that is correctly expressed in the passive voice: 
Alternativas
Q3944849 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

As a conclusion, Text 1 states that “He [the author] claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward”. Based on this excerpt, choose the alternative that correctly rewrites this sentence from the Present Simple to the Present Perfect tense: 
Alternativas
Q3944848 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Analyzing the following passage from Text 1, where it is said that “it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done”, it is correct to affirm that the underlined phrasal verb (fallen short) semantically suggests:
Alternativas
Q3944847 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Considering the following excerpt from Text 1, where it says “the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL”, the underlined expression (steady stream) could be correctly replaced (preserving its original meaning and use in its original context) by: 
Alternativas
Q3944846 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

According to the author, what has been the impact of decades of debate on native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL?
Alternativas
Q3944845 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Based on Text 1 and the author’s considerations regarding native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) of English in the field of TESOL, analyze the following statements:
I. NS are considered a subaltern professional group in comparison with NNS.
II. NNS could be considered an emerging elite within TESOL.
III. NNS are usually seen as a marginalized or subaltern community.
IV. NNS are a group resistant to change. V. The inequity between NS and NNS is a temporary phenomenon in education.

Now, select the CORRECT alternative, whose statement(s) is/are true:
Alternativas
Q3944844 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Supported by Text 1, choose the alternative that correctly describes its main purpose:
Alternativas
Q3944843 Inglês

TEXT 1


The Decolonial Option in English Teaching: Can the Subaltern Act?


In this reflective article that straddles the personal and the professional, the author shares his critical thoughts on the impact of the steady stream of discourse on the native speaker/nonnative speaker (NS/NNS) inequity in the field of TESOL. His contention is that more than a quarter century of the discoursal output has not in any significant way altered the ground reality of NNS subordination. Therefore, he further contends, it is legitimate to ask what the discourse has achieved, where it has fallen short, why it has fallen short, and what needs to be done. Drawing insights from the works of Gramsci (1971) on hegemony and subalternity, and Mignolo (2010) on decoloniality, the author characterizes the NNS community as a subaltern community and argues that, if it wishes to effectively disrupt the hegemonic power structure, the only option open to it is a decolonial option which demands resultoriented action, not just “intellectual elaboration.” Accordingly, he presents the contours of a five-point plan of action for the consideration of the subaltern community. He claims that only a collective, concerted, and coordinated set of actions carries the potential to shake the foundation of the hegemonic power structure and move the subaltern community forward.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: KUMARAVADIVELU, Bala. The decolonial option in English teaching: Can the subaltern act? TESOL Quarterly, [S.l.], v. 50, n. 1, p. 66–85, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/tesq.202. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.202. 

Considering the excerpt presented in Text 1 and analyzing its overall textual features, choose the only one alternative that correctly classifies it as a genre:
Alternativas
Q3944476 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
In the context of the text, the word “endurance” (l. 28) most nearly means:
Alternativas
Q3944475 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
Analyze the statements below about the text and mark T, if true, or F, if false.

( ) In the sentence “An Australian 13-year-old who swam 4 km to shore” (l. 01), the relative pronoun “who” could be replaced by “that” without changing the meaning.
( ) The sentence “In a 1961 study, researchers found that people were immediately stronger” (l. 18) could be rewritten using the present perfect tense without any change in meaning.
( ) In the sentence “Once he had swum the 4 km to shore in fading light” (l. 09), the verb tense used expresses an action completed before another action in the past.
( ) In the sentence “His family was rescued floating about 14 km offshore” (l. 11-12), the verb form indicates an action performed by the subject “his family”.

The correct order of filling in the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:
Alternativas
Q3944474 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
Mark the alternative that presents the rewriting of the sentence below without changing its meaning.

“However, adults have larger hearts and lungs, and central nervous systems that do ‘not seem to fatigue as fast’, he said.” (l. 29-30).
Alternativas
Q3944473 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
In the context of the text, the highlighted words “offshore” and “ashore” (l. 06) mean, respectively: 
Alternativas
Q3944472 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
Mark the alternative that fills in, correctly and respectively, the blanks in the second paragraph.
Alternativas
Q3944471 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
In the sentence “But for activities lasting hours – in the case of Austin’s swim – ‘eventually these systems do get depleted’” (l. 23-24), the expression “these systems” refers to:
Alternativas
Q3944470 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
Which information is NOT mentioned in the text?
Alternativas
Q3944469 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
The main purpose of the text is to:
Alternativas
Q3944468 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
Which statement is true according to the text?
Alternativas
Q3944467 Inglês
An ‘amazing feat’: how was a 13-year-old boy able to swim for four hours to save his family?





(Fight-or-flight: used to describe the reaction that people have to a dangerous situation, that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away) (Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2026/feb/05/austin-appelbee-13-year-old-boyswims-four-hours-rescue-save-family-western-australia – text specially adapted for this test).
According to the text, what mainly explains how the teenager managed to save his family? 
Alternativas
Respostas
1181: C
1182: C
1183: B
1184: D
1185: A
1186: A
1187: C
1188: D
1189: B
1190: C
1191: B
1192: A
1193: A
1194: B
1195: D
1196: C
1197: E
1198: C
1199: E
1200: C