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Q2103102 Inglês
Reality Television

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, _____________game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan _____________ the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), _____________surveillance-focused productions such __________ Big Brother.

Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he has said, “I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama.
Analyze the sentences according to structure and grammar use.
1. The words in bold, in the text, are, pronouns.
2. The underlined word in: ‘Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place….’, can be replaced by the word ‘because’ without changing its meaning.
3. In the following sentence: “Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television…” the words in bold, are being used to express a past action.
4. The negative form of the following sentence: ‘Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television…’, is Although the genre doesn’t have existed in some form or another since the early years of television…’.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct affirmative.
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Q2022977 Inglês

Text 4A1-II

You know a nun when you see one. The uniform, known as a habit, is a dead giveaway. But the outfit you’re picturing in your head might look very different from the one worn by the sisters at your local convent. And yet, each ensemble’s meaning is immediately clear. That’s because nuns abide by a sartorial system that is at once endlessly adaptable and instantly recognizable.
That’s an impressive feat for any visual system. In the case of nuns’ habits, that system relies on a standardized combination of symbolic elements. “It’s really a kit of parts”, says Lucienne Roberts, cofounder of a British publishing house devoted to design’s more esoteric subjects. For their latest book, Looking Good: A Visual Guide to the Nun’s Habit, Roberts worked with her team to dissect the dress of nuns from some 40 Catholic orders. The result is a fascinating work of reference on a subject to which you've almost certainly never paid much mind.
The book begins by cataloguing the various components that typically comprise a nun's habit. These may include things like veils, rosaries, tunics, medals, coifs (the cap worn under the veil), and sandals. It's a collection from which each religious order draws some, but not all, of its impeccable elements. This section provides the reader with a visual framework which relies on simple cues to distinguish between religious families.
For instance, many orders of nuns wear some form of girdle, be it a belt, a cord, or a cincture. Each type and subtype of garment carries specific connotations. Franciscan nuns, for instance, favor a cord over a leather belt, to reflect their order's devotion to poverty. Its four knots, plainly visible in the book as an illustration of the Franciscan garb, represent the order's vows of chastity, poverty, obedience, and enclosure.
These are the kinds of minutiae encoded in the book's pages, which the authors color code to differentiate between the various orders. Even the nuns' orientation on the page is significant; some face towards the reader, while others face away. This is to distinguish between sisterhoods that are active in their communities from ones that live cloistered lives, respectively. The book itself, like the habits it analyzes, is a form of information design.

Internet: <www.wired.com>(adapted). 
Parts of speech are traditional classes of words (such as adjectives, adverbs, etc.) that are distinguished according to the kind of idea denoted and the function performed in a sentence.
On the basis of this definition, it is correct to say that the words “almost” (last sentence of the second paragraph), “favor” (third sentence of the fourth paragraph), “which” (first sentence of the last paragraph) and “between” (third sentence of the last paragraph), which were taken from text 4A1-II, are, respectively, 
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Q2002590 Inglês

[…] If a teacher is normally noisy and energetic as a teacher, he or she should spend a class behaving more calmly. This is so because each time teachers break their own behavior patterns, they send a ripple through the class. That ripple is a mixture of surprise and curiosity and it is a perfect starting point for student involvement. The need for surprise and curiosity within a fifty-minute lesson is also overwhelming. This can be seen most clearly with children at primary and secondary levels, but even adults need a varied diet to keep them stimulated. However, variety is not the same as anarchy, since students need a certain amount of predictability for the sake of stability.

(Adapted from: HARMER, Jeremy. How to be a good teacher. England: Longman, 1998, p. 5.)


Ainda no trecho acima o uso do conectivo since indica:

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Q1998016 Inglês

Read the following text and answer question.


Introduction to global food loss and food waste


Food losses and food waste are quickly becoming a top global issue, because while there are millions of families with children starving, others are living in abundance, with many others carelessly throwing food away. Many of us have wasted food in one way or the other, but the real food losses and waste matter is ______ than just consumer food waste.

From farming fields and storage places, through transportation, processing, market places, down to consumption places such as homes, schools, restaurants and workplaces, more than half of all food produced globally go to waste. This is a tragedy!

In developing countries, it takes a lot of man-power to produce food. In more advanced countries, machines and technology are used, but the drain on energy, destruction of vegetative lands, the use of chemicals and ______ impact on the environment are phenomenal. Putting all that together, it is clear that a major problem has emerged and we are all in a position to help in one way or the other.



(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/ySEn3F. Access: 01/23/2018) 

The words such as in “ such as homes, schools, restaurants and workplaces…” indicates 

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Q1984089 Inglês

Read text I and answer the question that follow it.


Text I 

The New Rules of Data Privacy

The data harvested from our personal devices, along with our trail of electronic transactions and data from other sources, now provides the foundation for some of the world’s largest companies. […] For the past two decades, the commercial use of personal data has grown in wild-west fashion. But now, because of consumer mistrust, government actions, and competition for customers, those days are quickly coming to an end. 

For most of its existence, the data economy was structured around a “digital curtain” designed to obscure the industry’s practices from lawmakers and the public. Data was considered company property and a proprietary secret, even though the data originated from customers’ private behavior. That curtain has since been lifted and a convergence of consumer, government, and market forces are now giving users more control over the data they generate. Instead of serving as a resource that can be freely harvested, countries in every region of the world have begun to treat personal data as an asset owned by individuals and held in trust by firms.

This will be a far better organizing principle for the data economy. Giving individuals more control has the potential to curtail the sector’s worst excesses while generating a new wave of customer-driven innovation, as customers begin to express what sort of personalization and opportunity they want their data to enable. And while Adtech firms in particular will be hardest hit, any firm with substantial troves of customer data will have to make sweeping changes to its practices, particularly large firms such as financial institutions, healthcare firms, utilities, and major manufacturers and retailers.

Leading firms are already adapting to the new reality as it unfolds. The key to this transition — based upon our research on data and trust, and our experience working on this issue with a wide variety of firms— is for companies to reorganize their data operations around the new fundamental rules of consent, insight, and flow.

[…]

Federal lawmakers are moving to curtail the power of big tech. Meanwhile, in 2021 state legislatures proposed or passed at least 27 online privacy bills regulating data markets and protecting personal digital rights. Lawmakers from California to China are implementing legislation that mirrors Europe’s GDPR, while the EU itself has turned its attention to regulating the use of AI. Where once companies were always ahead of regulators, now they struggle to keep up with compliance requirements across multiple jurisdictions.

Adapted from: https://hbr.org/2022/02/the-new-rules-of-data-privacy February 25, 2022 – Retrieved September 6, 2022

“As” in “Leading firms are already adapting to the new reality as it unfolds” (4th paragraph) signals a 
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Respostas
26: C
27: A
28: D
29: D
30: E