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Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q2344884
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:
Text I
Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature
Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply
as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural
setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate
across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to
negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural
meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.
Contemporary communication environment is characterised
by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media
and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global
connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which
necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are
adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where
a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the
new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is
required. The recognition of social diversity also demands
pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and
multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and
social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy
classroom.
Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic
resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and
are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded
view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative
practices which young people are involved in today's digital age.
Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can
design learning experiences using a range of multimodal
resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways
in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, and sequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve
designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas
and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The
teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the
students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal
pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving
together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive
tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making
resources to design the students’ learning experience.
Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
In the excerpt “to negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of
intercultural meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal
texts” (1st paragraph), “as well as” signals a(n):
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q2344883
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:
Text I
Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature
Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply
as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural
setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate
across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to
negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural
meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.
Contemporary communication environment is characterised
by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media
and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global
connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which
necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are
adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where
a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the
new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is
required. The recognition of social diversity also demands
pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and
multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and
social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy
classroom.
Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic
resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and
are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded
view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative
practices which young people are involved in today's digital age.
Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can
design learning experiences using a range of multimodal
resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways
in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, and sequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve
designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas
and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The
teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the
students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal
pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving
together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive
tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making
resources to design the students’ learning experience.
Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
Analyse the assertions below based on Text I:
I. The digital age has been demanding changes to curriculum content.
II. In a multimodal approach, teachers bear in mind students’ identities.
III. Teachers should prevent students from bringing world knowledge into the classroom.
Choose the correct answer:
I. The digital age has been demanding changes to curriculum content.
II. In a multimodal approach, teachers bear in mind students’ identities.
III. Teachers should prevent students from bringing world knowledge into the classroom.
Choose the correct answer:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Prefeitura de São José dos Campos - SP - Professor II - Inglês |
Q2344882
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:
Text I
Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature
Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply
as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural
setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate
across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to
negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural
meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.
Contemporary communication environment is characterised
by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media
and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global
connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which
necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are
adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where
a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the
new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is
required. The recognition of social diversity also demands
pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and
multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and
social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy
classroom.
Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic
resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and
are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded
view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative
practices which young people are involved in today's digital age.
Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can
design learning experiences using a range of multimodal
resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways
in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, and sequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve
designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas
and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The
teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the
students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal
pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving
together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive
tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making
resources to design the students’ learning experience.
Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or
FALSE (F).
( ) The concept of literacy has become more complex over time.
( ) In today’s literacy classroom, the issue of fake news is to be avoided.
( ) Multimodal communicative practices aim at targets beyond language learning.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) The concept of literacy has become more complex over time.
( ) In today’s literacy classroom, the issue of fake news is to be avoided.
( ) Multimodal communicative practices aim at targets beyond language learning.
The statements are, respectively,
Resumos relacionados
Resumo relacionado
Advérbios e conjunções em inglês para concursos públicos
O estudo de advérbios e conjunções na língua inglesa é fundamental para quem deseja se destacar em provas de concursos públicos. Esses elementos desempenham papéis essenciais na construção de frases, influenciando diretamente o sentido e a coesão textual, habilidades bastante exigidas nas questões de interpretação e compreensão de textos em inglês.
Resumo relacionado
Artigos (Articles) em inglês: uso em concursos públicos
Artigos (Articles) são palavras essenciais na gramática da língua inglesa, usadas para indicar se um substantivo está sendo mencionado de forma específica ou geral. Eles desempenham papel fundamental em provas de concursos, pois ajudam na compreensão e interpretação dos textos, além de serem frequentemente cobrados em questões envolvendo uso correto de estruturas gramaticais.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335046
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
Accountants with “greater technical acumen” (7th paragraph) are
considered to be
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335045
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
The verb in “were sounding the death knell” can be replaced
without change in meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335044
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
Regarding the effects of technology, the outlook the text provides
for accountancy is
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335043
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
The sentence “some pundits say accounting has a dim future in
the digital world of tomorrow” (2nd paragraph) implies these
experts’ view is
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Contador - Manhã |
Q2335042
Inglês
Texto associado
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?
In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From
mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new
operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find
themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven
by emerging technologies.
Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far
beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner
procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a
dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as
cloud-based data management, process automation and
advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate
accountants in new and empowering ways.
As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death
knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies —
particularly automation — would end in death by digital for
accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants
surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their
profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having
fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an
overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.
Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other
professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than
replacement.
There's no question that digital transformation has radically
changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource
that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for
businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this
shift is an opportunity, not a threat.
[…]
Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's
accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the
core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in
a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with
both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter
experts from other areas of the business.
Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role,
welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals
and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could
leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to
humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make
better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on
investment alone.
With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen,
accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other
business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining
budgets or ensuring compliance. […]
As a function, accounting may become less about refining
one's skill set through certifications and more about core
competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong
education and skill development required to take on a complex,
ever-changing business environment.
Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to
free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations that understand the potential and importance of these technologies
— and invest in the tools and training required to help their
accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve.
Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic
role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only
enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights
from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own
resiliency, agility and competitive footing.
Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false
(F).
( ) It is clear that accountants will need to do away with earlier core competencies.
( ) The impact of technology in accountancy tends to move more sluggishly than in areas like procurement.
( ) There was some fear earlier that accountants’ work would soon be taken over by automation.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) It is clear that accountants will need to do away with earlier core competencies.
( ) The impact of technology in accountancy tends to move more sluggishly than in areas like procurement.
( ) There was some fear earlier that accountants’ work would soon be taken over by automation.
The statements are, respectively,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326036
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
“as yet” in “there is as yet little evidence” (4th paragraph) can be
replaced without significant change of meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326035
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
In the last sentence of the first paragraph, when the paper
mentions an “upheaval”, it refers to the possibility of a future
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326034
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
By calling some economists “doom-mongers” in “Few of the
doom-mongers have a good explanation” (2nd paragraph), the
authors
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326033
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
If someone ends up “on the economic scrapheap” (1st paragraph),
this person will feel
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326032
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
The adjective in “astonishing breakthroughs” (1st paragraph) is
similar in meaning to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326031
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
The title of the article means to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326030
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text II and answer the question that follow it
Text II
Boy cries Wolf
After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,
many people worry that they will end up on the economic
scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have
doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be
replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence
suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper
Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of
the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks
affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests
that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face
unprecedented upheaval.
Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about
automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early
2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs
by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across
the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers
have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates
of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and
South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of
unemployment.
Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on
jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we
single out white-collar workers. These include people working in
everything from back-office support and financial operations to
copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially
vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at
logical reasoning and creativity.
However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to
employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a
share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost
their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar
share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered.
Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions
supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a
percentage point.
It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI
tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed.
Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will
end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be
efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as
management and working out what others need.
AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using
it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise
which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey
by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More
than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a
positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it
finds.
To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this
analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems
a way off.
From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
Based on Text II, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE
(F).
( ) Many believe AI will eventually make jobs redundant.
( ) The conclusion of the text is that the current outlook regarding employment is rather bleak.
( ) The authors prefer to probe forthcoming evidence before issuing unequivocal accounts.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) Many believe AI will eventually make jobs redundant.
( ) The conclusion of the text is that the current outlook regarding employment is rather bleak.
( ) The authors prefer to probe forthcoming evidence before issuing unequivocal accounts.
The statements are, respectively,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326029
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.
Text I
Generative Art – What’s real?
There is nothing new about the concept and creation of
‘artificial intelligence art’ or ‘generative art’. However, discussion
of its legal and ethical or societal implications (both intended and
unintended) hit the headlines last week.
Boris Eldagsen refused his Sony World Photography Award
2023 prize in the creative open category on the basis that his
entry was the product of artificial intelligence. Mr Eldagsen
himself has sparked the latest debate by claiming that “AI is not
photography” and that the rationale for entering the Awards with
the work in question was “…to find out if the competitions are
prepared for AI images to enter. They are not”.
The reaction of the World Photography Organisation (running
the Sony Awards) has been to acknowledge the need for an
element of human involvement, which is the crux of the debate:
“While elements of AI practices are relevant in artistic contexts of
image-making, the Awards always have been and will continue to
be a platform for championing the excellence and skill of
photographers and artists working in this medium”.
[…]
The conventional (and long assumed) approach has been to
recognise the importance of the human hand to an artwork. The
question then is: to what extent is the human creator or inputter
the ‘artist’ as opposed to the generative system or is the system
merely representing the human creator or inputter’s artistic
idea? Flowing from that question is what that might then mean in
terms of the ownership and value of such works. The debate
looks set to continue in this particular context of imagery creation
and reproduction coinciding with the increasing availability and
use of consumer-grade AI image generation programmes, and
the natural inclination of artists to continue to create.
Adapted from https://www.rosenblatt-law.co.uk/insight/generative-art-whats-real/
The phrase “The crux of the debate” (3rd paragraph) is the same
as the
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326028
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.
Text I
Generative Art – What’s real?
There is nothing new about the concept and creation of
‘artificial intelligence art’ or ‘generative art’. However, discussion
of its legal and ethical or societal implications (both intended and
unintended) hit the headlines last week.
Boris Eldagsen refused his Sony World Photography Award
2023 prize in the creative open category on the basis that his
entry was the product of artificial intelligence. Mr Eldagsen
himself has sparked the latest debate by claiming that “AI is not
photography” and that the rationale for entering the Awards with
the work in question was “…to find out if the competitions are
prepared for AI images to enter. They are not”.
The reaction of the World Photography Organisation (running
the Sony Awards) has been to acknowledge the need for an
element of human involvement, which is the crux of the debate:
“While elements of AI practices are relevant in artistic contexts of
image-making, the Awards always have been and will continue to
be a platform for championing the excellence and skill of
photographers and artists working in this medium”.
[…]
The conventional (and long assumed) approach has been to
recognise the importance of the human hand to an artwork. The
question then is: to what extent is the human creator or inputter
the ‘artist’ as opposed to the generative system or is the system
merely representing the human creator or inputter’s artistic
idea? Flowing from that question is what that might then mean in
terms of the ownership and value of such works. The debate
looks set to continue in this particular context of imagery creation
and reproduction coinciding with the increasing availability and
use of consumer-grade AI image generation programmes, and
the natural inclination of artists to continue to create.
Adapted from https://www.rosenblatt-law.co.uk/insight/generative-art-whats-real/
In the first paragraph, the relation between the two sentences is
one of
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Informática Legislativa - Manhã |
Q2326027
Inglês
Texto associado
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.
Text I
Generative Art – What’s real?
There is nothing new about the concept and creation of
‘artificial intelligence art’ or ‘generative art’. However, discussion
of its legal and ethical or societal implications (both intended and
unintended) hit the headlines last week.
Boris Eldagsen refused his Sony World Photography Award
2023 prize in the creative open category on the basis that his
entry was the product of artificial intelligence. Mr Eldagsen
himself has sparked the latest debate by claiming that “AI is not
photography” and that the rationale for entering the Awards with
the work in question was “…to find out if the competitions are
prepared for AI images to enter. They are not”.
The reaction of the World Photography Organisation (running
the Sony Awards) has been to acknowledge the need for an
element of human involvement, which is the crux of the debate:
“While elements of AI practices are relevant in artistic contexts of
image-making, the Awards always have been and will continue to
be a platform for championing the excellence and skill of
photographers and artists working in this medium”.
[…]
The conventional (and long assumed) approach has been to
recognise the importance of the human hand to an artwork. The
question then is: to what extent is the human creator or inputter
the ‘artist’ as opposed to the generative system or is the system
merely representing the human creator or inputter’s artistic
idea? Flowing from that question is what that might then mean in
terms of the ownership and value of such works. The debate
looks set to continue in this particular context of imagery creation
and reproduction coinciding with the increasing availability and
use of consumer-grade AI image generation programmes, and
the natural inclination of artists to continue to create.
Adapted from https://www.rosenblatt-law.co.uk/insight/generative-art-whats-real/
Based on Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or
false (F).
( ) The dawning of generative art has given rise to a quandary.
( ) The winner mentioned was thrilled with the prize he was awarded.
( ) The organization responsible for the award stood by their earlier statement that AI yields finer art than that of humans.
The statements are, respectively,
( ) The dawning of generative art has given rise to a quandary.
( ) The winner mentioned was thrilled with the prize he was awarded.
( ) The organization responsible for the award stood by their earlier statement that AI yields finer art than that of humans.
The statements are, respectively,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322842
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
“Hence” in “Hence, no sampling is needed for their analysis”
(1st paragraph) can be replaced without change in meaning by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
Câmara dos Deputados
Prova:
FGV - 2023 - Câmara dos Deputados - Analista Legislativo - Técnica Legislativa (Manhã) |
Q2322841
Inglês
Texto associado
Complex societies and the growth of the law
Modern societies rely upon law as the primary mechanism to
control their development and manage their conflicts. Through
carefully designed rights and responsibilities, institutions and
procedures, law can enable humans to engage in increasingly
complex social and economic activities. Therefore, law plays an
important role in understanding how societies change. To explore
the interplay between law and society, we need to study how
both co-evolve over time. This requires a firm quantitative grasp
of the changes occurring in both domains. But while quantifying
societal change has been the subject of tremendous research
efforts in fields such as sociology, economics, or social physics for
many years, much less work has been done to quantify legal
change. In fact, legal scholars have traditionally regarded the law
as hardly quantifiable, and although there is no dearth of
empirical legal studies, it is only recently that researchers have
begun to apply data science methods to law. To date, there have
been relatively few quantitative works that explicitly address
legal change, and almost no scholarship exists that analyses the
time-evolving outputs of the legislative and executive branches of
national governments at scale. Unlocking these data sources for
the interdisciplinary scientific community will be crucial for
understanding how law and society interact.
Our work takes a step towards this goal. As a starting point,
we hypothesise that an increasingly diverse and interconnected
society might create increasingly diverse and interconnected
rules. Lawmakers create, modify, and delete legal rules to achieve
particular behavioural outcomes, often in an effort to respond to
perceived changes in societal needs. While earlier large-scale quantitative work focused on analysing an individual snapshot of
laws enacted by national parliaments, collections of snapshots
offer a window into the dynamic interaction between law and
society. Such collections represent complete, time-evolving
populations of statutes at the national level. Hence, no sampling
is needed for their analysis, and all changes we observe are direct
consequences of legislative activity. This feature makes
collections of nation-level statutes particularly suitable for
investigating temporal dynamics.
To preserve the intended multidimensionality of legal
document collections and explore how they change over time,
legislative corpora should be modelled as dynamic document
networks. In particular, since legal documents are carefully
organised and interlinked, their structure provides a more direct
window into their content and dynamics than their language:
Networks honour the deliberate design decisions made by the
document authors and circumvent some of the ambiguity
problems that natural language-based approaches inherently
face. In this paper, we therefore develop an informed data model
for legislative corpora, capturing the richness of legislative data
for exploration by social physics.
Adapted from Katz, D.M., Coupette, C., Beckedorf, J. et al. Complex societies and the
growth of the law. Sci Rep 10, 18737 (2020). Available at
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73623-x
The word “corpora” is in the plural as is
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