the verb “carved” (l.22) means to make something by dividing...

This text refers to items from 29 to 40.

1----------Globalization, and related trade liberalization, is being

viewed by developing countries as an opportunity to expand the

industrial base and venture into an exports-led growth.

4 However, “Globalization” has been challenged in recent years

relating to its trade implications for developing countries.

One of the major problems is the inability of

7 developing countries to conform to developed country market

requirements. These requirements take the form of myriad

technical regulations imposed through mandatory domestic

10 regulations and to some extent international standards.

Metrology, the science of measurement, and the

underlying factor for quality in the industrialized world, plays

13 a vital role in modern society and in a globalized world. Still,

the link between metrology and human existence is not always

easily understood.

16---------- Essentially humankind has been using metrology for

millennia. The Egyptian architects, for instance, used the length

of the ruling pharaoh’s forearm from elbow to tip of the

19 extended middle finger as well as the breadth of his palm, to

calibrate the standard unit of length for use in building the

pyramids. The original measurement was transferred to and

22 carved in a block of black granite. The workers at the site were

given identical replicas of the original granite unit to work with

(Metrology — in short, EUROMET and Phare 2000).

25----------Today, metrology is more ingrained in our society and

is used in all facets of life. Planks of wood and coffee are

bought by size and weight; water, electricity and heat are

28 metered. Gasoline and soft drinks are bought by volume.

Sometimes we even measure distance in time, i.e. “from A to B

it should take about 20 minutes”, although that is not advisable.

31---------- Regardless, for a metrology system to be operational

it is essential that it is uniform, and that those who use them —

in spite of geographic and professional boundaries, have

34 confidence in the system. When this system is aligned with

mutual recognition through accreditation and testing of

measuring standards and laboratories in the different countries,

37 the confidence in the system allows for human activities to be

linked.

Internet: <www.unido.org> (adapted).

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