Understanding coherence is crucial for students to produce coherent texts. Yin Cheung (In: RENANDYA & WIDODO, 2016) points out that teachers should guide students in grasping coherence, from the narrow view of sentence connection to the broader idea of linking ideas at the discourse level to create meaning for readers. About two common features of coherence, read the text that follows:

__________________ help establish relationships between different sentences, with examples including pronouns, conjunctions, repetition, superordinates and hyponyms (like animals/cats), as well as synonyms and antonyms. Another tool for enhancing coherence in writing is ________________, which help readers structure, interpret, and assess information. Examples include logical connectives (e.g., therefore, but), sequencers (e.g., firstly, finally), certainty markers (e.g., certainly), among others.

The noun phrases that correctly fills in the text, from left to right, is