“Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in transportation and communication technology. This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture.” (JavaScript library)

Identify what types of verb tenses are employed in the following excerpts from the passage above “has accelerated” and “has caused”, respectively: