The words underlined in the excerpt “…He was going to be eng...

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Palestinians in Gaza Reflect on One Year of Israel’s War With Hamas Oct. 7, 2024


The war has killed tens of thousands and devastated entire cities, leaving many in Gaza without a home and fueling a humanitarian catastrophe.


By Bilal Shbair and Hiba Yazbek Reporting from the Gaza Strip and Jerusalem.


Last October, Fadi Abu Kheir of southern Gaza had big plans. He was going to be engaged to the woman he loved. After they got married, he said, they would move in together, into an apartment that he spent years building.

“Now,” Mr. Abu Kheir, 24, said, “I am clueless about my future. I cannot even think how I can adapt to life postwar.”

It has been a year since the Hamas-led terrorist attacks impelled Israel to launch a retaliatory offensive in Gaza. For Mr. Abu Kheir — and, indeed, for Palestinians across the enclave — every day since, he said, has teemed with “sadness, depression and fury.”

The war has killed over 41,000 people, according to Gazan health officials, and devastated entire neighborhoods and cities, leaving hundreds of thousands without a home and fueling a humanitarian catastrophe.

More than 2 million people lived in the strip before the conflict. No one has been unaffected.

“We were so happy before this war,” said Maisaa al-Naffar, 20, of Khan Younis, breaking into tears as she recalled her first few weeks as a newlywed before the war began. She added: “I am not the person I used to be.”

Nine months pregnant, she is sheltering in a tent in southern Gaza.

“I miss my old life. I miss the days when we used to have fun or laugh at even the smallest things.

I miss my life when we had enough healthy food and snacks,”

Ms. al-Naffar said. “Today, everything has become a hell, full of dust and darkness.” 

Throughout the enclave, similar stories abound. For Mr. Abu Kheir, the image from the war that lingers is that of a naked, lifeless woman lying in the street, blown out of a house that had been bombarded, he said. The conflict has killed two of his best friends, and displaced him and his family, he said. It also destroyed the apartment he was building, in the southern Gaza city of Rafah. The war, he said, has “destroyed my dreams.”


The words underlined in the excerpt “…He was going to be engaged to the woman he loved. After they got married, he said, they would move in together, into an apartment that he spent years building.” can be classified, respectively, as
Alternativas

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Resposta correta: Alternativa D

1. Tema central
A questão exige identificar a função gramatical (classe de palavras) de quatro itens sublinhados. Esse tipo de questão exige lembrar que, em inglês, a mesma palavra pode ter classes diferentes conforme seu papel na frase — então sempre analise a função, não apenas a forma.

2. Resumo teórico rápido
Preposição: liga substantivos/pronomes a outras palavras (ex.: engaged to the woman). Conjunção subordinativa: liga orações e indica relação (tempo, causa, condição) — ex.: after they got married. Advérbio: modifica verbos, adjetivos ou outros advérbios — ex.: move in together (como um advérbio de modo/companhia). Pronome relativo: introduz oração relativa substituindo um substantivo — ex.: into an apartment that he spent years building. (Fonte: Cambridge Dictionary; Huddleston & Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language.)

3. Justificativa da alternativa D (correta)

  • "to" — Preposição. Em "engaged to the woman" liga o verbo/estado ao objeto (the woman). Não é o marcador de infinitivo aqui.
  • "After" — Conjunção subordinativa temporal. Introduz a oração temporal "they got married".
  • "together" — Advérbio. Modifica o verbo phrase "move in" indicando modo/companhia (they would move in together).
  • "that" — Pronome relativo (objetivo). Substitui "apartment" e introduz a oração relativa "that he spent years building".

4. Por que as outras alternativas estão erradas

  • A: classifica "to" como advérbio — errado: aqui liga substantivo/objeto, função de preposição.
  • B: classifica "After" como preposição — embora "after" possa ser preposição quando vem antes de um substantivo ("after lunch"), aqui vem seguida de oração, logo é conjunção subordinativa.
  • C: coloca "together" como conjunção e "that" como pronome/adjetivo — "together" não liga orações; é advérbio. E "that" é pronome relativo (categoria correta), mas C erra nas primeiras.

5. Estratégias práticas para resolver

  • Identifique o que vem após a palavra: After + clause → conjunção; After + noun → preposição.
  • Verifique se a palavra liga duas orações (conjunção) ou um substantivo a outra palavra (preposição).
  • Teste função: a palavra modifica um verbo? → advérbio. Substitui ou refere-se ao antecedente? → pronome relativo.

Dica: pratique com frases distintas para ver a flexibilidade das palavras (ex.: "to" = infinitive marker vs preposition).

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