Read the excerpt below: "Unlike traditional celebrities, wh...
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Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037187
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New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
Read the excerpt below:
"Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences."
An English teacher preparing advanced reading comprehension activities for upper-intermediate students identifies this sentence as exemplifying complex syntactic structures that warrant explicit instruction. When analyzing the sentence's grammatical architecture, discourse function, and pedagogical implications for teaching academic English reading skills, particularly focusing on contrastive constructions and non-restrictive relative clauses embedded within comparative frameworks, the teacher should recognize that:
"Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences."
An English teacher preparing advanced reading comprehension activities for upper-intermediate students identifies this sentence as exemplifying complex syntactic structures that warrant explicit instruction. When analyzing the sentence's grammatical architecture, discourse function, and pedagogical implications for teaching academic English reading skills, particularly focusing on contrastive constructions and non-restrictive relative clauses embedded within comparative frameworks, the teacher should recognize that:
Gabarito comentado
Confira o gabarito comentado por um dos nossos professores
Gabarito: B
Fundamento decisivo: O decisivo era identificar que “Unlike” introduz contraste/comparação e que o período contém uma oração relativa não restritiva antes da oração principal, o que afasta leitura de coordenação simples.
Tema central: arquitetura sintática complexa
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Está errada porque a frase não é paratática nem composta por cláusulas de mesmo status gramatical. Há hipotaxe/encaixamento na relativa não restritiva “whose fame...”, além de uma hierarquia clara entre o constituinte comparativo inicial e a oração principal.
B
Certa
A alternativa B acerta porque descreve a organização real do período. “Unlike” introduz um constituinte inicial de contraste/comparação, não uma coordenação simples. Dentro do sintagma nominal “traditional celebrities”, aparece a relativa não restritiva “whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings”, marcada por vírgulas e com função de acrescentar informação sobre esse referente. Depois vem a oração principal “SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms”, que faz a contraposição central do enunciado. Essa estrutura exige que o leitor integre contraste discursivo, informação relativa encaixada e proposição principal.
C
Errada
Está errada porque não há voz passiva em toda a sentença. A relativa contém “is typically rooted”, mas a oração principal está na voz ativa: “SMIs gain recognition”. Portanto, a descrição de “exclusively passive voice constructions throughout” contraria a estrutura do trecho.
D
Errada
Está errada por dois motivos objetivos: “unlike” não funciona aqui como subordinating conjunction, mas como marcador preposicional de contraste/comparação; além disso, a frase não tem três orações independentes coordenadas por semicolons. Essa coordenação simplesmente não existe no trecho.
Pegadinha da questão
A confusão real era tratar “unlike” como conjunção subordinativa ou ler a frase como coordenação simples, ignorando a relativa não restritiva encaixada e a hierarquia sintática do período.
Dica para questões semelhantes
- Quando houver “unlike” no início, verifique primeiro se ele introduz contraste/comparação, e não subordinação por conjunção.
- Vírgulas isolando uma oração com pronome relativo, como “whose...”, são sinal forte de relativa não restritiva com informação adicional.
- Para classificar o período, identifique quantas orações independentes realmente existem antes de chamar a estrutura de compound-complex.
- Não generalize a partir de um trecho interno: uma forma passiva em oração encaixada não autoriza dizer que a sentença inteira está na voz passiva.
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