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Assessment carried out by teachers during the learning process with the aim of using the results to improve instruction is known as formative assessment. Assessment at the end of a course, term, or school year - often for purposes of providing aggregated information on programme outcomes to educational authorities - is referred to as summative assessment.

GEOFF, B. Assessment. In: CARTER, R.; NUNAN, D. (Eds.) The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 137, 2001.