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The Future of Language Education: Teachers’ Perceptions About the Surge of Large Language Models like ChatGPT

(1) Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have been described as a disruptive technology — an innovation that significantly alters or even revolutionises an existing industry, often introducing new approaches, challenging established methodologies, or interpreting older methods as obsolete.

(2) LLMs are computational models that have the capability to understand and generate human language. This capacity to generate human language has the potential to transform language teaching and learning.

(3) Teachers can use LLM tools to personalise learning, plan lessons, create quizzes or other learning activities, and to provide feedback. In second language (L2) classes, teachers could use these models to explain grammar, propose improvements in grammar and style, and facilitate conversational practice. These affordances are an advantage to instructors, saving them time and providing personalised instructional support, and many educators are excited to try working with LLMs.

(4) But, as it is common with any new technology, many others are fearful of LLMs’ potential to disturb the way that students approach classroom learning. Fear of new technologies is not uncommon because they require educators to adapt, which can be intimidating; educators may question their pedagogical effectiveness or the loss of human interaction.

(5) The results of a survey conducted with 65 language instructors showed mixed feelings: ranging from excitement for the pedagogical potential of ChatGPT to fear of potential academic dishonesty and job security.

(6) Importantly, those who had previously engaged with the tool expressed greater enthusiasm for its wider application compared to their counterparts with no such experience. This suggests that familiarity may mitigate apprehension and foster a more optimistic outlook on the potential of ChatGPT in educational settings. Whether language instructors are in admiration or fear of ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are here to stay — rather than ignore them, we must quickly learn to use them, understand the challenges and benefits, and develop both instructional approaches and policies.

(Adapted from: ZIMOTTI, G.; FRANCES, C.; WHITAKER, L. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning. Technology in Language Teaching & Learning, v. 6, n. 2, p. 1-24, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.29140/tltl.v6n2.1136. Acesso em: 30 maio 2026.)