The superlative in English can be formed by suffixation (- est) or by adding lexical elements (most + long adjective), while the comparative depends only on regular morphological inflections to indicate a superiority relation between two elements. 

The intensifier “much,” when used in constructions such as much bigger or much more interesting, functions as a modifier of the comparative, emphasizing the difference without changing the grammatical category of the adjective or adverb.

The length of the adjective exclusively determines the choice between comparative and superlative, with long adjectives only able to form synthetic superlatives using the -est suffix.

Comparatives and superlatives focus exclusively on binary comparison, being restricted to the analysis of two elements without considering group relations or distributive superlative contexts.

The formation of comparatives depends solely on the addition of suffixes such as -er or adverbs like “less,” regardless of the number of syllables or the regularity of the adjective.