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In the excerpt from the first part of the text “It often inc...

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Information Security (InfoSec) defined

Information security, often abbreviated InfoSec, is a set of security procedures and tools that broadly protect sensitive enterprise information from misuse, unauthorized access, disruption, or destruction. InfoSec encompasses physical and environmental security, access control, and cybersecurity. It often includes technologies like cloud access security brokers (CASB), deception tools, endpoint detection and response (EDR), and security testing for DevOps (DevSecOps), among others.

Key elements of information security


InfoSec comprises a range of security tools, solutions, and processes that keep enterprise information secure across devices and locations, helping to protect against cyberattacks or other disruptive events.

•  Application security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect applications and their data.w
•  Cloud security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect all aspects of the cloud, including systems, data, applications, and infrastructure.
•  Cryptography - An algorithm-based method of securing communication meant to ensure only intended recipients of a specific message can view and decipher it.
•  Disaster recovery - A method to reestablish functional technological systems in the wake of an event like a natural disaster, cyberattack, or another disruptive event.
•  Incident response - An organization’s plan for responding to, remediating, and managing the aftermath of a cyberattack, data breach, or another disruptive event.
•  Infrastructure security - Security that encompasses an organization’s entire technological infrastructure, including both hardware and software systems.
•  Vulnerability management - The process an organization takes to identify, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities in its endpoints, software, and systems.


Three pillars of information security: the CIA triad

Confidentiality, integrity, and availability make up the cornerstones of strong information protection, creating the basis for an enterprise’s security infrastructure. The CIA triad offers these three concepts as guiding principles for implementing an InfoSec plan.


Confidentiality

Privacy is a major component of InfoSec, and organizations should enact measures that allow only authorized users access to information. Data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and data loss prevention are some of the tools enterprises can employ to help ensure data confidentiality.

Integrity

Enterprises must maintain data’s integrity across its entire lifecycle. Enterprises with strong InfoSec will recognize the importance of accurate, reliable data, and permit no unauthorized user to access, alter, or otherwise interfere with it. Tools like file permissions, identity management, and user access controls help ensure data integrity.

Availability

InfoSec involves consistently maintaining physical hardware and regularly completing system upgrades to guarantee that authorized users have dependable, consistent access to data as they need it.


(www.microsoft.com/en-ww/security/business/security-101/ what-is-information-security-infosec#:~:text=Information%20 security%2C%20often%20abbreviated%20(InfoSec,access%2C%20 disruption%2C%20or%20destruction. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the first part of the text “It often includes technologies”, the word in bold refers to
Alternativas

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Gabarito: C

Fundamento decisivo: O decisivo era identificar o antecedente de “It” no trecho inicial: ele retoma “Information security/InfoSec”, o que conduz à alternativa C.

Tema central: referência pronominal
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
“Cybersecurity” não é o referente de “It”. O próprio texto a apresenta como um dos elementos abrangidos por InfoSec (“InfoSec encompasses ... cybersecurity”); portanto, ela é parte do conjunto, não o termo retomado pelo pronome.
B
Errada
“Technologies” aparece depois de “It” e funciona como objeto de “includes” em “It often includes technologies”. Por isso, não pode ser antecedente do pronome nem sintática nem semanticamente.
C
Certa
A alternativa C está certa porque “It” retoma “Information security”, reapresentada como “InfoSec”, no trecho “It often includes technologies...”.
D
Errada
“Cloud access security brokers” é apenas um exemplo dentro da lista de tecnologias incluídas por “It”. Sendo item exemplificativo do complemento, não pode ser o antecedente do pronome.
E
Errada
“Security testing for DevOps” também integra a lista de exemplos de tecnologias mencionadas após “includes”. Assim, é conteúdo incluído por “It”, e não o termo ao qual “It” se refere.
Pegadinha da questão
A confusão real era tomar o termo mais próximo visualmente como antecedente, especialmente “cybersecurity”, ou marcar um item da lista de tecnologias, quando o pronome retoma o tópico central do parágrafo.
Dica para questões semelhantes
  • Em referência pronominal, procure primeiro o tópico central já definido no período ou parágrafo, não apenas a palavra mais próxima.
  • Se o termo aparece depois do pronome e como complemento do verbo, ele não pode ser o antecedente.
  • Quando o texto passa a enumerar exemplos após verbos como “includes”, os itens da lista tendem a ser conteúdo incluído, não referente do pronome.

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