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Ano: 2026
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de São José do Cedro - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2026 - Prefeitura de São José do Cedro - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 16 |
Q4275640
Inglês
Texto associado
Carnivorous great sundew plants produce sticky
sweet-smelling secretions as a deadly trap to
ensnare unsuspecting insects
The great sundew has a restricted distribution in
Shetland, growing mainly in North Roe. It is generally a
larger plant than the commoner round-leaved sundew,
reaching up to 20 cm. The leaves are long and spatulate,
narrowing at the hairless leaf stalks. Great sundew grows
in wetter bog habitats than round-leaved sundew, often
found at the margins of pools.
Round-leaved sundew has, as the name suggests, round
leaves up to 1 cm across. The leaf stalks are covered in
tiny hairs. It is often found growing on hummocks of
sphagnum moss and on wet heaths. In late summer, both
species of sundew produce tiny flowers, borne on long
stems which arise from the centre of the rosette of
leaves.
Sundews are carnivorous plants which grow in
nutrient-poor, acidic soils. They supplement their nutrient
supply by catching and digesting small invertebrates. The
leaves are covered with red hairs, each tipped by a
droplet. The name "sundew" refers to these glistening
droplets resembling dew. The hairs are tiny glands,
producing a sticky sweet-smelling secretion which
attracts small insects like flies. Each droplet is a deadly
trap, ensnaring the unsuspecting insect.
As the fly struggles to escape, the mucilage starts to clog
up its spiracles, tiny holes through which it breathes. The
leaf hairs are very sensitive, having detected the insect,
they start to curl inward. Very slowly the leaves also curl
inwards and the droplets exude an enzyme which starts
to digest the soft parts of the fly. The resulting fly soup is
then absorbed by the leaves. Several days later, the
leaves uncurl and the remains of the insect are
discarded. The droplets then reappear at the end of the
tentacles and the trap is reset. It is estimated that a
sundew can catch up to 2,000 insects during the
summer.
Sundew flowers only open in sunny weather for a few
hours during the day. Raised high above the
insect-trapping leaves, the flowers attract pollinators such
as flies and midges. However, the flowers can also
self-pollinate. In winter, the sundews which grow in
temperate climates form a resting bud to survive the cold,
from which they re-grow in spring.
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Also growing in nitrogen-poor bogs and wet acidic heaths
is another carnivorous plant, common butterwort. In
spring, small green stars of yellow-green basal leaves appear flat to the ground. From this rosette two or three
upright stalks grow, each producing small deep-purple
flowers. Bees mainly pollinate these flowers but they can
also self-pollinate.
Common butterwort also tops up its nutrients by catching
and digesting prey. However, its bee pollinators are too
large to be caught. Nearer the ground, small insects are
trapped on the starfish-like leaves. These are covered in
tiny sticky drops of mucilage so that they always look wet.
The insects are attracted to the moisture and land on the
leaf but quickly become stuck. The leaf edges slowly curl
inwards to prevent escape and the plant secretes
digestive enzymes which break down the soft parts of the
insect. The liquefied nutrients are absorbed by the leaf
before the leaf eventually uncurls to reveal the chitinous
husk.
The common name, 'butterwort', refers to the fatty
appearance of the leaves. Wort is an Old English word
for a plant or herb. It was believed that rubbing butterwort
leaves on a cow's udders would protect the cow from evil
spirits and ensure a good supply of butter. The leaves
were also used to curdle and thicken milk during cheese
and butter making.
Birds of note this week included the queen eider in
Lerwick harbour, a black-throated diver at Urafirth, an
osprey in Unst, an eclipse male ring-necked duck at
Clickimin, a ring-billed gull on Noss and a long-tailed
skua at the airstrip in Foula.
The long-tailed skua is a scarce migrant, more commonly
observed offshore in spring and autumn. Long-tailed
skuas have a circumpolar distribution, breeding on the
Arctic tundra, and are found in northern parts of
Scandinavia. In summer, lemmings are a major part of
their diet. After the breeding season, they migrate to the
south Atlantic, spending the winter months at sea,
feeding on fish. The smallest of the skuas, the long-tailed
skua is about the size of a black-headed gull. Slim with
long, slender wings, the flight is graceful and tern-like. In
adult summer breeding plumage, it is readily identified by
very long central tail feathers which can measure up to
20cm. The dark brown-grey upperparts, with black
patches on the wings, contrast with pale underparts and
a dark cap.
Cetacean sightings this week have included Risso's
dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, common dolphin, harbour
porpoise, minke and orca.
https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/news/carnivorous-plants-produce-stick
y-sweet-smelling-secretions-440918/
Sundew flowers attract insects that may contribute to
pollination, while the leaves capture small invertebrates
as a source of nutrients. The passage highlights that the
flowers are positioned on long stems above the trapping
leaves. This spatial arrangement contributes to the
plant's reproductive process because it: