Regarding textual communication, one of the key elements is...
I.A text is considered cohesive when the elements of the text are tied together and are considered meaningful to the reader.
II.Coherence refers to the adequate choice of vocabulary iin a text.
III.Reference involves the omission of an item where that item is replaced by nothing.
IV.Substitution is the replacing of an item by another item.
V.Ellipsis can be found in the sentence "John ate two slices of cake, and I ate three."