Assessment is an integral part of teaching and learning rather than an activity restricted to the end of an instructional period. Different forms of assessment may serve different purposes. Formative assessment can provide information about learners’ progress during the learning process and help teachers adjust subsequent instruction. Summative assessment, on the other hand, is commonly used to evaluate learning at particular points, often for reporting or certification purposes. 

    Effective assessment also involves clearly defined criteria, constructive feedback, and opportunities for learners to reflect on their own performance. Self-assessment and peer assessment can contribute to learner autonomy when students are guided to use criteria appropriately. Assessment results should, therefore, be interpreted as evidence to support pedagogical decision-making rather than as isolated numerical indicators of learners’ abilities. 

Internet:<https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/>(com adaptações).

A partir do texto apresentado, julgue o item a seguir, relativo aos tipos de avaliação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua inglesa como segunda língua (ESL) ou como língua estrangeira (EFL).