Instruction: Question refer to the texts below.

“Identities can be held together by narratives, in short, without essences: you don’t get to be called ‘English’ because there’s an essence this label follows; you’re English because our rules determine that you are entitled to the label—that you are connected in the right way with a place called England. […] The story of the golden nugget suggests that we can’t help caring about the traditions of ‘the West’ because they are ours: in fact, the opposite is true. They are ours only if we care about them. A culture of liberty, tolerance, and rational inquiry: that would be a good idea. But these values represent choices to make, not tracks laid down by a Western destiny.”
(Adapted from: APPIAH, Kwame Anthony. The lies that bind: rethinking identity. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2018. p. 151-159) 

Based on Kwame Anthony Appiah’s excerpts, which statement best reflects the author’s understanding of identity?