Global Englishes in language education encompasses the
study and teaching of English as a pluricentric,
international means of communication rather than a single
standard variety. This field recognises the multiplicity of
English norms around the world and seeks pedagogical
approaches that validate diverse accents, dialects and
communicative practices. Recent scholarship emphasises
critical awareness of power dynamics in language use,
challenges the supremacy of native-speaker models and
promotes curricula that equip learners to navigate
intercultural encounters. Innovations span bottom-up
curriculum design, translanguaging and digital
technologies, all underpinned by partnerships between
researchers and practitioners. The ultimate aim is to
prepare both teachers and students for inclusive,
intelligible and context-sensitive use of English in global
settings.
Content extracted and adapted from: https://www.nature.com/natureindex/topics/l4/global-englishes-in-language-education
Considering the innovations mentioned in Text 2, analyze
the following options and choose the alternative that
correctly describes them.
I. Digital technologies.
II. Scholarships.
III. Supremacy of native-speakers.
IV. Bottom-up curriculum design.
V. Translanguaging.