Norman Fairclough is one of the founders of Critical discourse analysis (CDA), which studies how power is exercised through language. According to him, CDA is a positioning concerning language that associates linguistic text analysis with a social theory of the functioning of language in political and ideological processes (Fairclough, N. Critical Language Awareness. Routledge: London, 1992). Write (T) for those that are true and (F) for those that are false in relation to the CDA theoretical basis.

( ) The object of analysis is linguistic texts which are analyzed in terms of their own specificity.

( ) In addition to text, the processes of text production and interpretation are themselves analyzed. Analysis is interpretation.

( ) Texts must be homogeneous and ambiguous and features of different genre types might be drawn upon in interpreting them.

( ) Discourse is socially constructive, constituting social subjects, social relations and systems of knowledge and belief.

( ) Discourse analysis is concerned only with power relations in discourse and how it transform the social practices of a society.

( ) Analysis of discourse attends to its functioning in the creative transformation of ideologies and practices as well as its function in securing their reproduction.

Check the alternative that shows the CORRECT sequence:

Differences between Brazilian Portuguese and English can result in difficulties in oral comprehension and production due to transfer. These difficulties can result in intelligibility and comprehensibility problems that can be overcome when teachers understand why and how the difficulties happen. Mark the alternative in which only common phonological processes that trigger mispronunciations produced by Brazilians when speaking English are mentioned.

Concerning Bilingualism, analyze the following statements (Gleason, J. B. e Ratner, N. B. The Development of Language. Pearson: Boston, 2009):

I. When a speaker gains a second language while retaining a first language, the process is called additive language. Often, the acquisition of the second language is seen as an asset, as enhancing the prestige and social and economic prowess of the speaker.

II. Subtractive bilingualism refers to the loss of fluency in one’s native language that occurs when acquiring a second language.

III. Being younger is an advantage in terms of the rate of acquisition, as younger learners acquire a second language more rapidly than older learners in untutored settings.

IV. The acquisition of a second language could occur in submersion settings in which the person is surrounded by native speakers of that second language, or in immersion settings, in which the person and other people received instruction in that second language only.

V. Children growing up learning two or more languages simultaneously can do so without difficulty and in much the same way as do monolingual children.

Check the alternative that presents the number of the CORRECT statements:

According to the New World Encyclopedia, Philosophy of language is the reasoned inquiry into the nature, origins, and usage of language. As a topic, the philosophy of language for Analytic Philosophers has been concerned with four central problems, which are:

(Available at: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Philosophy_of_language )

Brazilian Portuguese learners of English tend to mispronounce and misperceive ‘final s’ in plural forms (nouns) and third person singular forms (in the present simple tense) as well as ‘final ed’ in simple past forms of regular verbs. Another common difficulty is choosing between “a” or “an”. In fact, there are simple phonological rules that can help learners overcome such difficulties. Mark (T) for the true statements and (F) for the false ones.

( ) The words moved, laughed, played, and rained have the same final sound.

( ) The words moved, laughed, hated, and shaked have two syllables.

( ) Considering the use of the indefinite article (a, an), it is correct to say: a car, a house, a dog, a one-eyed man, a university, an umbrella, and, an apple.

( ) The words cats, umbrellas, candles, and birds have the same final sound.

( ) The words books, chiefs, tops, and fakes have the same final sound.

Mark the alternative which contains the CORRECT sequence from the first to the last propositions.

Which is the topic addressed in the text?

The best word to replace the term “bear” in the text is

According to Brown (2007), the two most valuable reading strategies for English learners are:

Brown (2007:390-397) states that “trends in the teaching of writing in ESL and others foreign language have, not surprisingly, coincided with those of the teaching of other skills, especially listening and speaking. […] Over the past few decades of research on teaching writing to second language learners, a number of issues have appeared, some of which remain controversial in spite of reams of data on second language writing.” Check the alternative that has three of those issues.

Choose the alternative with the CORRECT order of procedures for learners to improve their listening skills.

Choose the option that contains an INCORRECT definition of the words according to their meaning in the text above.

According to Brown (2007), which of the strategies below is not a strategy for ESL reading comprehension:

Choose the alternative that BEST replaces the underlined word preserving the meaning of the sentence below:

“Watch or not, you will be deluged by postmortems, hot takes, tweets, TV segments and panel debates.”

Ruiz, Michelle. Vogue “Why you shouldn’t watch Trump’s Oval office address tonight,” Jan. 8th 2019.