Questões de Concurso Público Telebras 2022 para Especialista em Gestão de Telecomunicações – Contador

    No mundo de hoje, as telecomunicações representam muito mais do que um serviço básico; são um meio de promover o desenvolvimento, melhorar a sociedade e salvar vidas. Isso será ainda mais verdade no mundo de amanhã.

   A importância das telecomunicações ficou evidente nos dias que se seguiram ao terremoto que devastou o Haiti, em janeiro de 2010. As tecnologias da comunicação foram utilizadas para coordenar a ajuda, otimizar os recursos e fornecer informações sobre as vítimas, das quais se precisava desesperadamente. A União Internacional das Telecomunicações (UIT) e os seus parceiros comerciais forneceram inúmeros terminais satélites e colaboraram no fornecimento de sistemas de comunicação sem fio, facilitando as operações de socorro e limpeza.

    Saúdo essas iniciativas e, de um modo geral, o trabalho da UIT e de outras entidades que promoveram o acesso à banda larga em zonas rurais e remotas de todo o mundo.

Um maior acesso pode significar mais progressos no domínio da realização dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio. A Internet impulsiona a atividade econômica, o comércio e até a educação. A telemedicina está melhorando os cuidados com a saúde, os satélites de observação terrestre são usados para combater as alterações climáticas e as tecnologias ecológicas contribuem para a existência de cidades mais limpas.

    Ao passo que essas inovações se tornam mais importantes, a necessidade de atenuar o fosso tecnológico é mais urgente.

   Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of the same flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it would make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on Sept. 12, 1958.

   Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and soon he was part of a young company called Intel.

  Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer, built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were adequate to power it.

   Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.

   The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.

Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).

   Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it was volatile in that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of nonvolatile computer storage was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.

Information Technology. Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted)