Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 2.466 questões
Ano: 2025
Banca:
ISET
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Mirante - BA
Prova:
ISET - 2025 - Prefeitura de Mirante - BA - Professor – Letras Modernas (Inglês) |
Q4362348
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
Scientists criticize food manufacturers for massive profits
from sales of unhealthy ultraprocessed food
Certain ultraprocessed foods, or UPFs, are contributing to
worldwide obesity, chronic health conditions and premature
death, yet the food industry continues to aggressively market
new and existing products in this category for massive profits,
according to an unprecedented three-part series authored by 43
global experts in nutrition and supported by the United Nations
Children’s Fund, or UNICEF, and the World Health
Organization.
More than 50% of the $2.9 trillion paid to shareholders by food
corporations between 1962 and 2021 “was distributed by UPF
manufacturers alone,” according to research published Tuesday
in the leading medical journal The Lancet.
“We found evidence that UPF consumption is increasing
everywhere around the world, fueled by powerful global
corporations,” said coauthor Carlos Augusto Monteiro,
professor emeritus of nutrition and public health in the School of
Public Health at Brazil’s University of São Paulo.
“To keep this business model, which is highly profitable, the
industry cannot afford to make minimally processed foods as
they did in the past, so they use extensive political lobbying to
stop effective public health policies that support healthy eating,”
said Monteiro, who coined the term “ultraprocessed food” in
2009 when he developed the NOVA classification system, which
categorizes foods into four groups by their level of industrial
processing.
Companies can “double or triple their profits” by turning corn,
wheat, beans and other whole foods “into a colorless and
flavorless sawdust which is then reconstructed with artificial
flavorings and additives,” said Barry Popkin, the W.R. Kenan Jr.
Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill’s Gillings School of Global Public Health.
Source: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/18/health/ultraprocessed-industryprofits-wellness
Which of the following words from the text is a false
cognate in relation to portuguese language?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
ISET
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Mirante - BA
Prova:
ISET - 2025 - Prefeitura de Mirante - BA - Professor – Letras Modernas (Inglês) |
Q4362341
Inglês
Complete the sentence using the past simple form of
the verb missing.
The unusually meticulous design of the prototype clearly ______ a level of foresight that was uncommon for the technological standards of the period.
The unusually meticulous design of the prototype clearly ______ a level of foresight that was uncommon for the technological standards of the period.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Instituto UniFil
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Mandirituba - PR
Prova:
Instituto UniFil - 2025 - Prefeitura de Mandirituba - PR - Professor de Inglês |
Q4257968
Inglês
Texto associado
Should all pupils get the right to an outdoor education week?
Kirsten Campbell
In a matter of days the government will make a decision
that could affect generations of children to come. For many, the
Primary 7 outdoor residential trip is one of the highlights of
their school days. For some, it is inspirational, even lifechanging. A members bill making its way through the Scottish
Parliament would guarantee a week of residential outdoor
education for every pupil. When it was put first put forward by
Conservative MSP Liz Smith, the Schools (Residential
Outdoor Education) (Scotland) bill won majority support, but it
faces what could prove to be an insurmountable obstacle.
Without government financial backing it looks doomed to fall.
And at a time when budgets are already tight, not everyone is
convinced such a commitment is the best use of resources.
Liz Smith, herself a former teacher, says she has seen
the benefits of outdoor education first hand and wants to ensure
every child gets the opportunity during their time at school. Her
proposed new law would mean every pupil in Scotland is
entitled to four nights and five days of outdoor education. But
while it was backed in principle in March, it cannot proceed
unless the government tables a financial resolution - and so far
that hasn't happened. Smith believes the experience of outdoor
education can be transformative for children. “I think we should
be trying to level up, to ensure that young people, whoever they
are, whatever their background, whatever their family
circumstances, they should have that opportunity.” She argues
the benefits are powerful - and backed up by evidence. “The
statistics we have show that if they have participated in
residential outdoor education, their attendance is better, their
behaviour is better, their self-discipline is better.”
“What could be better than that?”
But there is a postcode lottery in provision of residential
outdoor education, with research for the University of
Edinburgh stating that just a third of secondary schools and only
a quarter of primary schools offer this type of experience.
Thirty minutes from Glasgow, Dounans outdoor education
centre, in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park,
gives school groups a taste of the outdoors. A Primary 7 group
from Fife is spending a week taking part in activities like
canoeing, tree climbing and raft-building. Harris, 11, was first
to climb to the top of a tall tree as his classmates looked on.
“When everyone was cheering me on that helped,” he said. “I
was proud of myself for doing that because it was really high.”
Ten-year-old Orla was next. “I was nervous and shivery and
thought it did look pretty high. It was like a feeling of
accomplishment - I felt super happy and joyful.”
One of the biggest problems though is that the
experience doesn't come cheap. Liz Smith estimates the policy
would cost between £25m and £40m a year. The minister for
children, Natalie Don-Innes, told MSPs that was unaffordable
and ringfencing cash for outdoor education could be to the
detriment of other activities. She said: “Where would you seek
to cut funding from in education? Would it be our teachers, our
schools, would it be nurseries or our colleges?”
A Scottish government spokesman said: “Both the
education committee and the Scottish government have been
clear that outstanding issues on the affordability of the bill,
impact on the education workforce and ensuring provision is
equitable for children across Scotland, need to be addressed before a decision can be taken to lodge a motion for a financial
resolution.”
The Convention of Scottish Local Authorities (Cosla)
also has concerns about the practicalities, questioning the
impact on staffing, the costs of transport and what it would
mean for schools' ability to take part in other trips relating to
geography, history or the arts. But the Outward Bound Trust
believes it would be an investment. It has highlighted the
findings of a global study across eight countries, including the
UK, which concluded that for every £1 invested in Outward
Bound programmes, there is a return of between £5 and £15 in
societal value.
Chief Executive Martin Davidson said: “Outward
Bound doesn't teach young people to canoe or to climb, what
we teach young people is about themselves. “But we do that
through fantastic adventures and outdoor activities that help
them learn about themselves and working with others.” The
Scottish Parliament will continue to grapple with the issues in
both the chamber and in committee over the next couple of
days. But time is running out. If the funding issues aren't
resolved by the end of the month, the legislation will fall,
despite having the backing of most MSPs.
Available on https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4rnjxwjyyo
In the sentence “Without government financial
backing it looks doomed to fall,” what does the word
“doomed” suggest about the bill's future?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
SEDUC-RS
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2025 - SEDUC-RS - Professor - Letras/Inglês |
Q4203421
Inglês
Read the lyrics below.
I had a bad dream, a scary nightmare I saw a wicked witch and I started to scream She had a black cat, a bat and a rat A broom and a pointed hat It was obscene...
Hey baby, _______________ Gotta' be careful ... ey baby, _______________ If a t’s in the middle, then a nose is gonna twitch...
Adapted from: https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/homophonessong.php
Which of the following questions best fits the two gaps in the lyrics?
I had a bad dream, a scary nightmare I saw a wicked witch and I started to scream She had a black cat, a bat and a rat A broom and a pointed hat It was obscene...
Hey baby, _______________ Gotta' be careful ... ey baby, _______________ If a t’s in the middle, then a nose is gonna twitch...
Adapted from: https://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/homophonessong.php
Which of the following questions best fits the two gaps in the lyrics?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
SEDUC-RS
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2025 - SEDUC-RS - Professor - Letras/Inglês |
Q4203415
Inglês
Read the text below about deepfakes:
Deepfakes are creating havoc across the globe, spreading fake news and pornography, being used to steal identities, exploiting celebrities, scamming ordinary people and even influencing elections.
Yet a recent worldwide survey found 71% of people have no idea what deepfakes are.
Deepfakes are digital photos, videos or voices of real people that have either been synthetically created or manipulated using artificial intelligence (AI) and can be hard to distinguish from the real thing.
You’ve probably seen a deepfake video or photo without even realising it. Computer-generated Tom Cruises, Taylor Swifts and Mark Zuckerbergs have been circulating on the internet for several years, but what started as a bit of harmless fun has now become much more serious.
Earlier this year, a finance worker at a multinational firm in Hong Kong was tricked into paying AUD$39 million to fraudsters who used deepfake technology to impersonate the company’s chief financial officer in a video conference.
(…)
Australia’s Defence Chief Angus Campbell has expressed fears that the world is entering “an era of truth decay,” where misinformation will undermine democracy by sowing discord and distrust.
Campbell told a defence conference in 2023 that artificial intelligence and deepfakes would “seriously damage public confidence in elected officials” by making it impossible for most people to distinguish fact from fiction.
Source: https://unisa.edu.au/connect/enterprisemagazine/articles/2024/what-are-deepfakes-and-should-we-beworried/
Choose the correct alternative based on the text.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
SEDUC-RS
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2025 - SEDUC-RS - Professor - Letras/Inglês |
Q4203408
Inglês
Read the following excerpt of a book review:
Machado de Assis is one of Brazil’s most cherished writers. Born in 1839, he was the grandson of freed slaves. ________ was not abolished in Brazil until 1888, when Machado de Assis was already 49 years old, a fact I learned after being _____ surprised by the casual mention of slaves throughout this novel. In spite of his family’s poverty and lack of opportunity for education, Machado de Assis _____ through various bureaucratic positions until finally gaining prominence as a writer and poet. He taught himself French, English, German, and Greek, and eventually founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Nevertheless, he has never had a vast following among English-speaking readers, which is a shame.
Dom Casmurro is a simple tale about an aging man named Bento Santiago, who is one day moved to document the story of his life. His life is not all that extraordinary, to be honest. He falls in love with the girl next door, ______ with her and a close family friend to avoid being sent to the seminary, eventually marries and has a son, and then becomes jealous and suspicious. In his old age, where the novel begins, he has taken to living in a reproduction of his ________ home, suggesting a sort of Citizen Kane-type regret (rather, I guess Citizen Kane suggests a type of Dom Casmurrotype regret).
Source: https://cannonballread.com/2023/09/dom-casmurrokimmie/
Choose the option that best completes the gaps in the excerpt:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jundiaí - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jundiaí - SP - Professor II - Língua Estrangeira - Inglês |
Q4202064
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Communicative language competence can be considered as comprising several components: linguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmatic.
Linguistic competences include lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills and other dimensions of language as system, independently of the sociolinguistic value of its variations and the pragmatic functions of its realisations.
Sociolinguistic competences refer to the sociocultural conditions of language use. Through its sensitivity to social conventions (rules of politeness, norms governing relations between generations, sexes, classes and social groups, linguistic codification of certain fundamental rituals in the functioning of a community), the sociolinguistic component strictly affects all language communication between representatives of different cultures, even though participants may often be unaware of its influence.
Pragmatic competences are concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources (production of language functions, speech acts), drawing on scenarios or scripts of interactional exchanges. It also concerns the mastery of discourse, cohesion and coherence, the identification of text types and forms, irony, and parody. For this component even more than the linguistic component, it is hardly necessary to stress the major impact of interactions and cultural environments in which such abilities are constructed.
(https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-
reference-languages. Acesso 17.08.2025. Adaptado)
In the context of the last paragraph, the word which is a
false cognate is
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Creative Group
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Marcos Parente - PI
Prova:
Creative Group - 2025 - Prefeitura de Marcos Parente - PI - Professor do Segundo Ciclo do Fundamental - Disciplina Inglês |
Q4176426
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the three following questions
Best Part (feat. H.E.R.)
Daniel Caesar
You don't know, babe
When you hold me
And kiss me slowly
It's the sweetest thing
And it don't change
If I had it my way
You would know that you are
You're the coffee that I need in the morning
You're my sunshine in the rain when it's pouring
Won't you give yourself to me?
Give it all, oh
I just wanna see
I just wanna see how beautiful you are
You know that I see it
I know you're a star
Where you go, I'll follow
No matter how far
If life is a movie
Oh, you're the best part, oh
You're the best part, oh
Best part
It's this sunrise
And those brown eyes, yes
You're the one that I desire
When we wake up
And then we make love
It makes me feel so nice
You're my water when I'm stuck in the desert
You're the Tylenol I take when my head hurts
You're the sunshine on my life
I just wanna see how beautiful you are
You know that I see it
I know you're a star
Where you go, I'll follow
No matter how far
If life is a movie
Then you're the best part, oh
You're the best part, oh
Best part
If you love me, won't you say something?
If you love me, won't you, won't you
If you love me, won't you say something?
If you love me, won't you
Love me, won't yo
Fonte: https://www.letras.mus.br/daniel-caesar/best-part/
In the verses “You're the coffee that I need in the morning / You're my sunshine in the rain when it's pouring”,
the singer uses metaphors to express that:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Creative Group
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Marcos Parente - PI
Prova:
Creative Group - 2025 - Prefeitura de Marcos Parente - PI - Professor do Segundo Ciclo do Fundamental - Disciplina Inglês |
Q4176425
Inglês
MY FATHER, THE ASTRONAUT
If the moon was Europe, my father was an astronaut who died on his
way to the moon.
My father, the failed moonwalker, blinded by space.
My father, the
Black cosmonaut, frenzied
by thirst. My father who heard the voice of God, clear as the call to
prayer, suspended in that dark desert.
My father who wore a spacesuit slashed by longing, spinning towards
the vast desolate.
On a night when the angels have drawn back their wings, you may
glimpse my father
hurtling through space, his body carried by gravity’s absence, blood
collecting in his head,
his tears pink, gelatinous clots, unable to fall. (2022, Warsan Shire. From: Bless the Daughter Raised by a Voice in Her Head Publisher: Penguin Random house)
In light of the the excerpt from “My Father, the Astronaut” by Warsan Shire, which of the following single words most aptly encapsulates the overarching emotional and symbolic tenor of the passage?
If the moon was Europe, my father was an astronaut who died on his
way to the moon.
My father, the failed moonwalker, blinded by space.
My father, the
Black cosmonaut, frenzied
by thirst. My father who heard the voice of God, clear as the call to
prayer, suspended in that dark desert.
My father who wore a spacesuit slashed by longing, spinning towards
the vast desolate.
On a night when the angels have drawn back their wings, you may
glimpse my father
hurtling through space, his body carried by gravity’s absence, blood
collecting in his head,
his tears pink, gelatinous clots, unable to fall. (2022, Warsan Shire. From: Bless the Daughter Raised by a Voice in Her Head Publisher: Penguin Random house)
In light of the the excerpt from “My Father, the Astronaut” by Warsan Shire, which of the following single words most aptly encapsulates the overarching emotional and symbolic tenor of the passage?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
Avança SP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Cunha - SP
Prova:
Avança SP - 2025 - Prefeitura de Cunha - SP - PEB II - Professor de Inglês |
Q4096481
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question.
All my life I have loved music, every note, and
every rhythm. I have found that music can lift my
spirits when they sink, can help me to look at the
brighter side of a situation when all I see is
darkness, and can find beauty in the simplest of
things.
When I was 10 years old, I took up the saxophone
and loved every minute of it. I played when I felt
inspired, discouraged, isolated, joyful, and when
I just needed to think. At that age, I sounded like
little more than a swing that needs to be oiled,
without much style or creativity other than a few
loud blasts every now and then. Which explains
how I was as a little kid; out going, independent,
and very loud.
As I went through my first year of middle school,
I would still play for the same reasons, but with
a different style. Sometimes I would play very
loud, and others quite soft. There were times that
I played with great passion, and sometimes I just
couldn’t seem to find the right notes. Music was
my one way to say what I was thinking and
feeling when I couldn’t find the words. When I
had a message, music would deliver it.
I like to think that I have learned every life lesson
from a music book. I have found that sometimes
I need to slow down my pace, even if the person next to me is going faster. I have found that
sometimes life will throw me notes that I have
never seen before, and it isn’t whether or not I
know them that defines the type of player I am, it
is my willingness to learn them. Life will give me
measures that I cannot handle, that I don’t know
how to handle, but I can always find a way to
work through them.
Frazier, N. (2009). Music Is Life. Retrieved from
https://thisibelieve.org/essay/88653
The expression “look at the brighter side of a situation” is closest in meaning to:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CONSULPAM
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE
Prova:
CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Língua Estrangeira (Inglês) |
Q4092461
Inglês
Texto associado
For question, choose the best option to fill
in the blanks CORRECTLY.
“I work _____ a teacher. I’ve been teaching at this
school for over 6 years.”
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CONSULPAM
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE
Prova:
CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Língua Estrangeira (Inglês) |
Q4092460
Inglês
Texto associado
For question, choose the best option to fill
in the blanks CORRECTLY.
“I want to teach at _____ school.”
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CONSULPAM
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE
Prova:
CONSULPAM - 2025 - Prefeitura de Limoeiro do Norte - CE - Professor de Ensino Fundamental II - Língua Estrangeira (Inglês) |
Q4092457
Inglês
Texto associado
For question, consider the following text.
South Korea’s President Yoon Suk Yeol _____1 investigated _____ 2 to declare martial law. Prosecutors accuse him _____3 insurrection.
Former Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun, who resigned, is barred from _____4 the country.
Yoon’s impeachment is being debated. While his party, the People Power Party (PPP), opposes it, some members voted _____5 his martial law order. Party leader Han Dong-hun called Yoon’s actions unconstitutional but warned that impeachment could create chaos. If impeached, the Prime Minister would lead _____ 6 elections in 60 days.
Amid the controversy, Yoon accepted Defense Minister Kim’s resignation and nominated Choi Byung-hyuk as his replacement. Several _____ 7 ministers plan to resign. Yoon’s martial law lasted only hours after lawmakers in an emergency vote repealed it, even blocking troops from entering parliament.
Source: <https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/southkorea-political-crisis-level-3/>
The underlined word “Several” (4th paragraph) could
be replaced in the sentence correctly and without any
major change in meaning with all the words/phrases
below, EXCEPT FOR:
Q4064611
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Understanding bias in facial recognition technologies
Over the past couple of years, the growing debate around automated facial recognition has reached a boiling point. As developers have continued to swiftly expand the scope of these kinds of technologies into an almost unbounded range of applications, an increasingly strident chorus of critical voices has sounded concerns about the injurious effects of the proliferation of such systems on impacted individuals and communities. Critics argue that the irresponsible design and use of facial detection and recognition technologies (FDRTs) threaten to violate civil liberties, infringe on basic human rights and further entrench structural racism and systemic marginalisation. In addition, they argue that the gradual creep of face surveillance infrastructures into every domain of lived experience may eventually eradicate the modern democratic forms of life that have long provided cherished means to individual flourishing, social solidarity and human self-creation.
Defenders, by contrast, emphasise the gains in public safety, security and efficiency that digitally streamlined capacities for facial identification, identity verification and trait characterisation may bring. These proponents point to potential real-world benefits like the added security of facial recognition enhanced border control, the increased efficacy of missing children or criminal suspect searches that are driven by the application of brute force facial analysis to largescale databases and the many added conveniences of facial verification in the business of everyday life.
Whatever side of the debate on which one lands, it would appear that FDRTs are here to stay.
Adapted from: understanding_bias_in_facial_recognition_technology.pdf
The word “like” in “like the added security of facial recognition”
(2nd paragraph) introduces a(n)
Q4064610
Inglês
Texto associado
Text I
Understanding bias in facial recognition technologies
Over the past couple of years, the growing debate around automated facial recognition has reached a boiling point. As developers have continued to swiftly expand the scope of these kinds of technologies into an almost unbounded range of applications, an increasingly strident chorus of critical voices has sounded concerns about the injurious effects of the proliferation of such systems on impacted individuals and communities. Critics argue that the irresponsible design and use of facial detection and recognition technologies (FDRTs) threaten to violate civil liberties, infringe on basic human rights and further entrench structural racism and systemic marginalisation. In addition, they argue that the gradual creep of face surveillance infrastructures into every domain of lived experience may eventually eradicate the modern democratic forms of life that have long provided cherished means to individual flourishing, social solidarity and human self-creation.
Defenders, by contrast, emphasise the gains in public safety, security and efficiency that digitally streamlined capacities for facial identification, identity verification and trait characterisation may bring. These proponents point to potential real-world benefits like the added security of facial recognition enhanced border control, the increased efficacy of missing children or criminal suspect searches that are driven by the application of brute force facial analysis to largescale databases and the many added conveniences of facial verification in the business of everyday life.
Whatever side of the debate on which one lands, it would appear that FDRTs are here to stay.
Adapted from: understanding_bias_in_facial_recognition_technology.pdf
In the first sentence, when the author says that the debate
“has reached a boiling point”, he means that the debate is
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037203
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the following passage:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."
The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."
The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037200
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the excerpt from the text:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037198
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Consider the following excerpt:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove. Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives."
An English teacher preparing reading comprehension activities for intermediate Brazilian students analyzes this passage to identify vocabulary and conceptual challenges. Regarding lexical comprehension, idiomatic expressions, and the relationship between linguistic form and archaeological content, which pedagogical analysis is accurate?
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove. Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives."
An English teacher preparing reading comprehension activities for intermediate Brazilian students analyzes this passage to identify vocabulary and conceptual challenges. Regarding lexical comprehension, idiomatic expressions, and the relationship between linguistic form and archaeological content, which pedagogical analysis is accurate?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037188
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
The study suggests that companies should adopt ethical
marketing strategies to mitigate these risks. The word
"mitigate" most nearly means:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 12 |
Q4034385
Inglês
Read the sentence below:
"His arguments were specious , appealing on the surface but fundamentally flawed."
The underlined word "specious" derives from the Latin root spec- ("to look, to appear"), also present in words such as:
"His arguments were specious , appealing on the surface but fundamentally flawed."
The underlined word "specious" derives from the Latin root spec- ("to look, to appear"), also present in words such as:
Conheça nossos planos