Questões de Concurso
Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês
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Read the text to answer 31, 32 and 33.
What does ‘inclusive practises’ mean and
how can we ensure that all our classrooms
and work environments are truly inclusive?
Inclusion is about how we structure our schools, our classrooms and our lessons so that all our students learn and participate together. An inclusive classroom is one that creates a supportive environment for all learners, including those with learning differences and one that can also challenge and engage gifted and talented learners by building a more responsive learning environment. Inclusivity also means respecting people from all backgrounds and cultures. By teaching our students the importance of this, we can create a much more tolerant and understanding environment, not just in the classroom and school but also in wider society. An inclusive school or classroom can only be successful when all students feel they are truly part of the school community. This can only happen through open, honest discussion about differences and understanding and respecting people from all abilities and backgrounds. An inclusive environment is one where everyone feels valued. Some of the practises which might promote inclusivity are:
1) Create a supportive, respectful environment: promote diversity and fairness.
2) Have high expectations of all your students. Research shows that students respond better when they feel that their teacher has faith in their abilities and is not focusing on their inabilities.
3) Create a supportive peer culture both inside and outside the classroom. This is when you empower learners to respect and trust each other, making empathy and caring ‘fashionable’ and reinforcing positive and pro-social attitudes by encouraging learners to help each other.
4) Plan learning which includes participation from everyone and encourages success. You can do this by creating an environment which is ‘personalised to students’ needs and by talking about learning that focuses on what students can do and what they would like to do next.
5) Take a ‘community’ approach to learning and teaching. Inclusive values are developed through a student’s lived experience and their exposure to other cultures and world-views. Bring your community into the classroom and take your classroom out to the community.
(Available in: https://www.cambridge.org › elt › blog › 2017/11/15. Adapted.)
“Peer” (L25) means:
How centuries of priceless treasures were saved at Notre Dame
(https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/notre-dame-art-saved-intl/index.html)
Jean-Marc Fournier didn't have much time. As flames ripped through Notre Dame cathedral's medieval roof on Monday evening, the Paris fire brigade chaplain had a single mission -- to rescue two of its most sacred relics.
The problem was that the Crown of Thorns, revered as having been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion, and the tabernacle, containing the Eucharist or holy sacrament, were locked inside a safe in the church's treasury that no one knew how to open.
"We couldn't get the codes... we couldn't get hold of the people who had them," Fournier said Wednesday.
Finally, as the flames high above crept closer to Notre Dame's famous spire, a church officer appeared with the crypt key, and the chaplain and firefighters rushed in.
Inside, red-hot embers and debris drifted down from the vast rib-vaulted ceiling. Fournier watched as a team of firefighters broke open the safe and extracted the crown. Made of rushes bound by gold threads, it has been encased in a crystal tube since eighteen ninety-six.
The chaplain joined a human chain of firefighters, emergency workers and antiquities experts to pass the crown and other irreplaceable treasures out of the burning church and into safety. Their efforts in those first few hours would save hundreds of years of art, history and heritage that Fournier said "belongs to humanity and the world at large."
The expression “broke open” underlined on the text could be appropriately substituted for:
Choose the right synonym for “amass” in the following context: “Why do they amass these weapons in the midst of a democratic so-called peace- loving country?”
Instruction: Answer questions 41 to 53 based on the following text.
Why Learning Is A New Procrastination
- The tremendous world of online courses, blogs, social media, free eBooks, podcasts, and
- webinars provides the best ever opportunity to broaden your knowledge in almost every sphere
- you can imagine. Thanks to technological advancement and the instant access to the internet,
- everyone can now study from home. It seems like it would be foolishly not to seize this
- opportunity and improve your skills and knowledge. Moreover, you are kind of forced to do so
- since the contemporary world has raised the bar higher than ever before. It literally invited you
- to gather the pace and ___________ even more.
- It is not surprising that, ultimately, you try to be everywhere and do everything. No doubt,
- you do your best to constantly gather tiny bits of information from as many channels as
- possible, because you are afraid that you will fall behind if you stop. After all, you enter a
- learning crunch mode. You do not afford to miss anything and try to read every book you could
- get your hands on. You listen to every single podcast your smartphone could download and take
- every online course your paycheck would allow to take.
- All in all, you learn. As much as possible. As intense as you manage to. You learn how to
- write and publish a new book. You learn how to launch a successful blog. You learn how to hit
- your goal on Kickstarter. You learn how to build the next “unicorn”. You learn how to land a job
- of your dream. You learn how to successfully sell thousands of items on Amazon. You learn how
- to make millions of dollars in passive income.
- However, the problem is that you do everything except taking action. All those activities do
- not take you closer to the things you want to accomplish. Better knowledge does not make you
- more influential, powerful, and successful unless you apply it. The key secret to success is not
- ________ expertise, but the ability to use it.
- Knowledge is worthless unless it is applied. Needless to say that studying is crucial.
- However, the thing is that it should take the entirely new form now. You should stop learning
- from someone else’s experiences, knowledge, failures, and wins and start learning from your
- own mistakes, adventures, ___________, and bold actions.
- Learning has become a major trend of the 21st century. Sadly, it has also become a new
- form of procrastination. You consciously postpone the first step justifying this by your eagerness
- to broaden the knowledge and learn new things. You put the start date off justifying this by
- your desire to pick up new skills that would help you succeed faster. You procrastinate over
- chasing your own aspirations because doing the things on your own and creating your own story
- of success is far more complicated than reading about someone else’s one. Meanwhile, no one
- would really reproach you for wasting your time. Also, you feel comfortable about staying within
- this zone of ease and convenience forever.
- However, the point is that you already have and know everything you need to start off. In
- fact, there is nothing more you need to learn in order to take the first step. Embrace the truth.
- No matter how good your theoretical knowledge is, you will face a lot of obstacles while
- applying it. You will have to deal with issues that have never been described or covered in any
- book. You will have to look for the solutions and make the spontaneous decisions that no one
- probably has ever thought of. You will have to design your own road to success.
- Transform your learning process from the continuous the procrastination into an
- unstoppable process of absorbing invaluable expertise based on your own experience. It might
- seem counterintuitive, but the old-fashioned way of learning is what holds you back. This is
- what makes your triumphs suck.
- Constant learning, evaluating of ideas, thinking, and visualizing your journey towards your
- major aspirations will not take you far from the place you are now. Actions will. You can sit and
- research, and research, and research, while someone else is already reaping huge rewards for
- his or her fruitful and hard work. Stop learning now. Become bold enough to take the first step
- and start learning from your own experience.
Source: https://medium.com/the-coffeelicious/why-learning-is-a-new-procrastination-104b53107e8b
‘Moreover’ (l.05) could be replaced by:
Instruction: Answer questions 41 to 53 based on the following text.
Why Learning Is A New Procrastination
- The tremendous world of online courses, blogs, social media, free eBooks, podcasts, and
- webinars provides the best ever opportunity to broaden your knowledge in almost every sphere
- you can imagine. Thanks to technological advancement and the instant access to the internet,
- everyone can now study from home. It seems like it would be foolishly not to seize this
- opportunity and improve your skills and knowledge. Moreover, you are kind of forced to do so
- since the contemporary world has raised the bar higher than ever before. It literally invited you
- to gather the pace and ___________ even more.
- It is not surprising that, ultimately, you try to be everywhere and do everything. No doubt,
- you do your best to constantly gather tiny bits of information from as many channels as
- possible, because you are afraid that you will fall behind if you stop. After all, you enter a
- learning crunch mode. You do not afford to miss anything and try to read every book you could
- get your hands on. You listen to every single podcast your smartphone could download and take
- every online course your paycheck would allow to take.
- All in all, you learn. As much as possible. As intense as you manage to. You learn how to
- write and publish a new book. You learn how to launch a successful blog. You learn how to hit
- your goal on Kickstarter. You learn how to build the next “unicorn”. You learn how to land a job
- of your dream. You learn how to successfully sell thousands of items on Amazon. You learn how
- to make millions of dollars in passive income.
- However, the problem is that you do everything except taking action. All those activities do
- not take you closer to the things you want to accomplish. Better knowledge does not make you
- more influential, powerful, and successful unless you apply it. The key secret to success is not
- ________ expertise, but the ability to use it.
- Knowledge is worthless unless it is applied. Needless to say that studying is crucial.
- However, the thing is that it should take the entirely new form now. You should stop learning
- from someone else’s experiences, knowledge, failures, and wins and start learning from your
- own mistakes, adventures, ___________, and bold actions.
- Learning has become a major trend of the 21st century. Sadly, it has also become a new
- form of procrastination. You consciously postpone the first step justifying this by your eagerness
- to broaden the knowledge and learn new things. You put the start date off justifying this by
- your desire to pick up new skills that would help you succeed faster. You procrastinate over
- chasing your own aspirations because doing the things on your own and creating your own story
- of success is far more complicated than reading about someone else’s one. Meanwhile, no one
- would really reproach you for wasting your time. Also, you feel comfortable about staying within
- this zone of ease and convenience forever.
- However, the point is that you already have and know everything you need to start off. In
- fact, there is nothing more you need to learn in order to take the first step. Embrace the truth.
- No matter how good your theoretical knowledge is, you will face a lot of obstacles while
- applying it. You will have to deal with issues that have never been described or covered in any
- book. You will have to look for the solutions and make the spontaneous decisions that no one
- probably has ever thought of. You will have to design your own road to success.
- Transform your learning process from the continuous the procrastination into an
- unstoppable process of absorbing invaluable expertise based on your own experience. It might
- seem counterintuitive, but the old-fashioned way of learning is what holds you back. This is
- what makes your triumphs suck.
- Constant learning, evaluating of ideas, thinking, and visualizing your journey towards your
- major aspirations will not take you far from the place you are now. Actions will. You can sit and
- research, and research, and research, while someone else is already reaping huge rewards for
- his or her fruitful and hard work. Stop learning now. Become bold enough to take the first step
- and start learning from your own experience.
Source: https://medium.com/the-coffeelicious/why-learning-is-a-new-procrastination-104b53107e8b
Choose the alternative that presents a possible synonym to ‘eagerness’ (l.28):
Identify the aspect that the underlined word represents in the sentence above and its appropriate substitute expression(s):
Yesterday misunderstands what made the Beatles so popular
By Noah Berlatsky
The film Yesterday has an intriguing premise: What if the Beatles never existed? Unsuccessful, moderately talented singersongwriter Jack Malik wakes up one day and is the only one who remembers the Beatles’ songs. Suddenly he can pose as the creator of the greatest music ever written. As a result, he quickly becomes a worldrenowned superstar.
Jack is successful because the Beatles’ songs, removed from their original context, still maintain the universal, instant appeal that has canonized them in our non-fictional world, offscreen. Label execs, other musicians, and huge numbers of fans are all won over by “Jack’s” music; Even decades after the Soviet Union disintegrated, “Back in the USSR” still rocks people’s world.
But would “Back in the USSR” really be an automatic, surefire hit if it were released today, into a music scene whose interests have evolved far beyond the Beatles? Is quality in the arts so transcendent that it can overcome all differences of era, culture, and happenstance? Is music a meritocracy — an art form that privileges natural talent over everything else?
There’s good reason to believe that the answer to all three of those questions is no. Wonderful songs aren’t always hits; talented musicians don’t always achieve success commensurate with their abilities. And sometimes a twist of fate lands the less talented in a position to reap massive rewards.
We tend to expect that good things don’t always come to the most deserving people. Sometimes the most successful people get that way because they’re in the right place at the right time, or know the right people, or were even born into it. And art is no exception.
There’s research to back up the notion that fame and fortune come from more than pure talent. Sociologists Matthew Salganik of Princeton and Duncan Watts of Microsoft have conducted a number of studies to determine what makes a song popular. They discovered that when someone approaches a song knowing only that it’s popular and well-liked within the cultural mass, that person is more inclined to come away liking the song too. This can create a ripple effect, with songs becoming more and more popular because they already are popular. Salganik and Watts’s research suggests that the more visible something is the more highly regarded it is, and the more popular it is likely to become.
Social influence has a powerful effect on which songs become popular. As art is a form of communication we often share and experience socially, it makes sense that we like art that we believe will connect us to others.
Our instincts to spread what we like, and to like what others like, mean that what seem like small advantages for a song — perhaps a well-placed promo on Spotify, or appearing on the soundtrack of a Netflix show — can lead to a big chart presence. A good review at the right time or being used in a viral meme on a slow news day could help more people discover a song just out of happenstance. Songs that get an initial bump can ride that wave, so more people seek them out, buy them, and boost their popularity. This cycle can lead to one song, good or not, becoming a hit, while another disappears into obscurity.
The Beatles were very good by most qualitative metrics. But the band’s quantitative achievements don’t mean they are indisputably the most meritorious musicians of all time, or even of their day. More likely, the band also managed to be in the right place at the right time, on top of everything else.
Western racial inequalities also stymied many homegrown artists. Influential African American singers and girl groups like the Shirelles didn’t have much opportunity to turn their Billboard hits into widespread celebrity and lasting cultural recognition. Paul McCartney and John Lennon are household names, but there aren’t many casual music fans who know the name of the Shirelles’ lead singer, Shirley Owens.
The Beatles were white, male English speakers who were able to tour and didn’t die young. But they had other advantages as well. Perhaps most obviously, they were working in a genre that was broadly popular.
By contrast, today’s most popular music is split between contemporary hip-hop and dance music that relies on synthesizers, electronics, and myriad crossgenre references. Pure rock ’n’ roll, built on a simple four-person setup of guitar, bass, drums, and vocals, is no longer the dominant genre. ”If a Beatles song came out today, it would sound dated,” Charlie Harding, host of Vox’s Switched on Pop podcast, told me. “There are hardly any synthesizers. It’s all live drumming. Plus, so much of their music is blues-based, and blues-based music just isn’t popular right now.”
At their height, the Beatles famously pushed boundaries in the studio, creating psychedelic effects and soundscapes that no one at the time had ever heard before. But that’s old hat in 2019. You can do all of what the Beatles did and more in your room with a laptop, at least technically speaking.
Sure, it’s fun to think, as Yesterday does, that our love for the Beatles is universal, true, and incontrovertible. Where’s the harm in that?
The problem is that people often don’t see the myth of meritocracy as a myth; they really believe in it. And when they do, it can have some unfortunate effects. The myth of meritocracy can make us less willing to invest in the collective good.
If we convince ourselves that talented artists like the Beatles will be successful no matter what, we can also convince ourselves that we don’t really need to provide people with safety nets or resources. After all, the best will win out anyway. Why invest in school arts programs, or fund arts grants, if great musicians will be just fine on their own?
The Beatles made wonderful, undoubtedly influential art. But if Yesterday weren’t so hypnotized by the supposedly unmatchable quality of the Beatles’ music, it might be able to see that there are great songs being written by people like Jack Malik too. The film believes that songs like “Yesterday” are just so good, they would become mega-popular under any circumstances. And yet many people who think “Yesterday” is the best song ever have been inevitably swayed by the Beatles’ popularity and legacy, the song’s quality aside.
Maybe instead, the best song ever is one we haven’t heard yet; maybe it’s the one you’re going to write. Part of what happens when we abandon the myth of meritocracy is that we’re better able to see the merit all around us. And that gives everyone a greater chance at success.
(adapted from https://www.vox.com, Jun 29, 2019)
Global warming
The world’s oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, denselypopulated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published ....................... the British journal Nature,adds ....................... a growing scientific chorus of warnings ....................... the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year ....................... the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre
for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the
first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using
new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a
depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003,
it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53
millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the
0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
Identify the alternatives below as ( T )rue or ( F )alse.
( ) The following underlined words: “…important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises …” , are examples of gerund forms.
( ) The word “rising”, in the following sentence: “Rising sea levels are driven by two things…..” means ‘decreasing’.
( ) The word ‘Higher’ is being used in the text to compare ocean’s temperature.
( ) The singular form of ‘data’ is ‘datum’.
The alternative which presents the correct sequence
from top to bottom is:
Global warming
The world’s oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, denselypopulated delta regions around the globe.
The study, published ....................... the British journal Nature,adds ....................... a growing scientific chorus of warnings ....................... the pace and consequences rising oceans. It also serves as a corrective to a massive report issued last year ....................... the Nobel-winning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), according to the authors.
Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai.
Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. But up to now, there has been a perplexing gap between the projections of computer-based climate models, and the observations of scientists gathering data from the oceans.
The new study, led by Catia Domingues of the Centre
for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the
first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using
new techniques to assess ocean temperatures to a
depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003,
it shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53
millimetre-per-year rise in sea levels rather than the
0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC.
To sharp a sword, grind it against a rough stone.
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