The English language would, if proper care were devoted to its advancement, stand an excellent chance of becoming more universally diffused, read, and spoken, than any other now is, or ever has been.

(CRYSTAL, D. English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 75.)

Informe se é verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F) o que se afirma sobre a língua inglesa e o acesso ao conhecimento.
( ) By the beginning of the nineteenth century, America had become the world’s leading industrial and trading nation.
( ) Britain, by the end of the nineteenth century, overtook America as the world’s fastest growing economy.
( ) The linguistic consequences of British achievement were far-reaching: the new terminology of technological and scientific advance had an immediate impact on the language, adding tens of thousands of words to the English lexicon.
( ) The innovations pouring out of an English-speaking country meant that those from abroad who wished to learn about them would need to learn English.

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:

Any domain of linguistic structure and use could be the basis of variety differentiation, but the focus in comparing the traditional standards of British and American English has been almost entirely associated with vocabulary and phonology.

(CRYSTAL, D. English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 147.)

Analise as afirmações sobre a educação em mundo global.

I - English is the medium of a great deal of the world’s knowledge, especially in such areas as science and technology.
II - Since the 1960s, English has become the normal medium of instruction in higher education for many countries – and is increasingly used in several where the language has no official status.
III - The pressure to use English has grown as universities and colleges have increasingly welcomed foreign students, and lecturers have found themselves faced with mixed-language audiences.
IV - The development of twentieth-century computers has been almost entirely a European affair. The Internet started in England, and the computer hackers whose reality has always been virtual are almost all Irish.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

O adjetivo é uma palavra que serve para qualificar ou determinar o substantivo. Em inglês, o adjetivo não concorda em gênero e número com o substantivo; portanto, não sofre mudança alguma na terminação.

(CAMPOS, Giovana Teixeira. Manual compacto de gramática da língua inglesa. São Paulo: Rideel, 2010. p. 95.)

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I - A função de um adjetivo é mudar um substantivo, ou seja, o adjetivo possessivo deve ser sempre acompanhado da palavra (substantivo): my book, his father, their mother; são chamados adjetivos, e não pronomes

PORQUE

II - são sempre seguidos de um substantivo, nunca aparecendo no lugar dele.

Sobre as asserções, é correto afirmar que

Indicate whether each of the following statements, made by Swan (2017), about American and British English is true (T) or false (F).

( ) These two varieties of English are not very similar.
( ) Most American and British speakers can understand each other easily.
( ) There are not many different regional accents in both Britain and America.
( ) There are a few differences of grammar and spelling, and rather more differences of vocabulary and idiom.
( ) Modern British English is heavily influenced by American English, so some contrasts are disappearing.

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é

Considerando-se os vários significados da noção de competência que, conforme explica Marques (2012), permeiam a área da educação, associe corretamente o conceito ao seu respectivo significado.

CONCEITOS
1 - Comunicativa 2 - Gramática ou linguística 3 - Sociolinguística 4 - Discursiva 5 - Estratégica
SIGNIFICADOS

( ) considera a questão da coesão e da coerência relevantes num determinado texto.
( ) é definida como um sistema de conhecimentos e habilidades exigidos para a comunicação.
( ) refere-se ao conhecimento do papel do falante no contexto e à sua escolha de registro e estilo.
( ) refere-se ao conhecimento do vocabulário, à formação de palavras, à formação de frases, ao significado literal de enunciados.
( ) refere-se ao domínio de técnicas verbais e não verbais para compensar rupturas na comunicação, devidas à competência insuficiente ou a limitações de desempenho e para aperfeiçoar o efeito retórico dos enunciados.

A sequência correta é

As discussed by Warschauer in Technology and Social Inclusion: rethinking the digital divide (2004), one learns to write NOT by

Indicate whether each of the following statements, made by Warschauer (2004), about literacy and education is true (T) or false (F).

( ) The mere existence of the Internet will create researchers or knowledge seekers out of those without the requisite background or skills.
( ) Education and literacy are also important at the individual microlevel, since reading, writing, and thinking skills remain crucial for being able to use the Internet.
( ) At the macrolevel, mass literacy and education serve to grease the wheels of economic development and thus create conditions for greater technologization of society.
( ) As the Internet becomes more widespread, it is highly likely that its use will be stratified, with some using it principally as an entertainment device and others using it to seek and create new knowledge.
( ) The correlation between mass education and societal Internet access is lowest in countries that have a large “tertiary” economic sector (based on consumer and producer services, typical of the postindustrial economy)

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I - The term computer literacy emerged in the early 1980s together with the spread of the personal computer; within a decade, the term had become widely discredited among educators

BECAUSE

II - it generally referred to only the most basic forms of computer operation, such as turning on a computer, opening a folder, and saving a file, and thus tended to justify a very limited view of computer-related education.

Sobre as asserções é correto afirmar que

Evaluate the following statements, made by LarsenFreeman in Techniques and Principles in Language (2011), about the Grammar-Translation Method.


I - The ability to communicate in the target language is the goal of the Grammar-Translation Method.

II - The primary skills to be developed are reading and writing. Little attention is given to speaking and listening, and almost none to pronunciation.

III - Most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students. There is little student initiation and little student-student interaction.

IV - The roles are not traditional. The teacher is not the authority in the classroom. However, it is very important that students get the correct answers.

V - According to this method, a fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in it; since literary language is superior to spoken language.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Indicate whether each of the following statements made by Lightbown and Spada, about learning and teaching a second language in structure-based instructional settings, is true (T) or false (F).

( ) Errors are frequently corrected. Accuracy tends to be given priority over meaningful interaction.
( ) Students do not feel pressured to speak or write the second language and to do so correctly from the very beginning.
( ) Linguistic items are presented and practiced in isolation, one item at a time, in a sequence from what teacher or textbook writes believe is ‘simple’ to that which is ‘complex’.
( ) Students experience a limited range of language discourse types. The written language they encounter is selected primarily to provide practice with specific grammatical features rather than for its content.
( ) Teachers never use the learners’ native language to give instructions or in classroom management events. When they use the target language, they tend to modify their language in order to ensure comprehension and compliance.

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é: 

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I - According to some researchers, learners who willingly communicate in a wide range of conversational interactions are able to do so

BECAUSE

II - their prior language learning has led to development of self-confidence, which is based on a lack of anxiety combined with a sufficient level of communicative competence, arising from a series of reasonably pleasant [second language] experiences.

Sobre as asserções é correto afirmar que

Evaluate the following statements made by Kroskrity (2000), and discussed by Kumaravadivelu in Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (2006), about the connection between language and ideology.

I - Language and discourse are grounded in social experience and often demonstrably tied to the promotion and protection of political-economic interests.
II - Language ideologies are grounded in social experiences that are always uniformly distributed across diverse communities.
III - Depending on the role they play, people develop different degrees of consciousness about ideologically grounded discourse.
IV - People’s sociocultural experience and interactive patterns contribute to their construction and understanding of language ideologies.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Communicative competence consists of grammatical competence as well as sociolinguistic competence, that is, factors governing successful communication. Considering such idea, developed by Hymes (1972), and discussed by Kumaravadivelu in Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (2006), associate the factors to its respective definition.

FACTORS
1 - Setting 2 - Participants 3 - Ends 4 - Key 5 - Instrumentalities 6 - Norms 7 - Genres

DEFINITIONS

( ) refers to categories of communication such as lecture, report, essay, poem and so forth.
( ) refers to the manner and tone (serious, sarcastic, etc.) of the utterance.
( ) refers to the place and time in which the communicative event takes place.
( ) refers to conventions of interaction and interpretation based on shared knowledge.
( ) refers to speakers and their role relationships.
( ) refers to the unstated objectives the participants wish to accomplish.
( ) refers to the channel (oral or written) and the code (formal or informal).

A sequência correta é:

O calado máximo de um navio, ao ser preenchido um formulário em inglês, deve ser informado no campo cujo texto é 

Durante a preparação para a partida de um navio, o contramestre recebeu a seguinte informação:
“Requirements of the several countries vary regarding clearance of a ship”
Esta mensagem informa que as exigências dos países podem variar, em relação

Read the text to answer.

Abstract

    Migration contributes significantly to the occurrence of language contact and language changes. Migrant communities as diaspora are always faced with choices whether maintaining the use of mother tongue in interacting, switching to using the word of the host, or using ethnic languages side by side with the host language in a new place. This research is intended to provide evidence of the phenomena of communication and social identity focusing on the language use and attitude of diaspora communities in Bali. It is a sociolinguistic study using descriptive qualitative methods on the Muslim community in three regencies that had lived in Bali for more than a generation.

    The data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and direct observation. The result shows that most diaspora communities see the mother tongue as an essential means of maintaining their social identity. From language choice and attitude perspective, the diaspora community leads to three categories, namely (1) the population that identifies themselves as more diaspora than Balinese; (2) the community claiming themselves as more Balinese than diaspora and (3) the community considering themselves as diaspora and Balinese (dual identity). Keywords: Diaspora community, language attitude, language choice, social identity.

(Available in: https://www.researchgate.ne.)

A transition word or phrase shows the relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech. Transitions provide greater cohesion by making it more explicit or signaling how ideas relate to one another. As to the segment “From language choice and attitude perspective, the diaspora community leads to three categories, namely [...]”, NAMELY, in the context, brings the idea of:

Read these two texts to answer.

Text A

Video transcript from a video-taped demonstration in using a lathe to drill a hole in a metal workpiece

    Now I have to change to the final size drill I require, which is three-quarters of an inch diameter, and this is called a morse-taper sleeve.

    A slower speed for a larger drill.

    Nice even feed should give a reasonable finish to the hole.

    Applying coolant periodically. This is mainly for lubrication rather than cooling.

    Almost to depth now.

    Right. Withdrawing the drill.

    That's fine.

Text B

A set of instructions taken from a workshop manual for drilling a hole in a mental workpiece on a lathe

1. Select required drill.

2. Mount drill in tailstock. Use taper sleeves as necessary.

3. Set speed and start machine spindle.

4. Position tailstock to workpiece.

5. Apply firm even pressure to tailstock handwheel to feed drill into workpiece.

6. Apply coolant frequently.

7. Drill hole to depth.

8. Withdraw drill.

9. Stop machine. 

Consider the assertions below to choose an option.

I. In text A there is less consistency, because it is a free- -flowing piece of oral discourse.

II. In text A there is an interpersonal dimension.

III. The grammar of text B is inconsistent because articles are omitted.

Read the text to answer.

Diversity and Inclusive Teaching

(The University of Delaware.)

    Teaching to engage diversity, to include all learners, and to seek equity is essential for preparing civically engaged adults and for creating a campus and society that recognizes the contributions of all people. Teaching for diversity refers to acknowledging a range of differences in the classroom. Teaching for inclusion signifies embracing difference. Teaching for equity allows the differences to transform the way we think, teach, learn and act such that all experiences and ways of being are handled with fairness and justice. These ideas complement each other and enhance educational opportunities for all students when simultaneously engaged. Three imperatives make it essential for us to actively practice teaching for diversity, inclusion, and equity:

    Difference is an essential part of our history and current reality. Dealing with human diversity and differential status isintractable in America due to our national history of racism and tensions between individual freedom and the common good.

    Difference is an unstoppable part of our future. Classrooms are increasingly diverse and demography assures that this trend will continue.

    Diversity and inclusion improve teaching and learning. People learn and enrich their abilities to think critically and creatively as they engage in conversations across difference, especially when all learners’ abilities and attributes and embraced.

    Inclusive teaching strategies are intended to ensure that all students feel supported such that they freely learn and explore new ideas, feel safe to express their views in a civil manner, and respected as individuals and members of groups. Intentionally incorporating inclusive teaching strategies helps students view themselves as people who belong to the community of learners in a classroom and university.

(Available in: https://ctal.udel.edu.)

According to the text “Teaching to engage diversity, to include all learners, and to seek equity is essential”. Thus, inclusive teaching strategies emphasizing the pursuit for equity should be characterized by:

Read the text to answer.

The Prayer

(Celine Dion & Josh Groban.)

I pray you'll be our eyes

And watch us where we go

And help us to be wise

In times when we don't know.

Let this be our prayer

When we lose our way

Lead us to a place

Guide us with your grace

To a place where we'll be safe.

I pray we'll find your light

And hold it in our hearts

When stars go out each night

Remind us where you are.

Let this be our prayer

When shadows fill our day

Lead us to a place

Guide us with your grace

To a place where we'll be safe.

A world where pain and

Sorrow will be ended

And every heart that's

Broken will be mended

And we'll remember

We are all God's children

Reaching out to touch you

Reaching to the sky.

We ask that life be kind

And watch us from above

We hope each soul will find

Another soul to love.

Let this be our prayer

Just like every child

Needs to find a place

Guide us with your grace

Give us faith so we'll be safe.

(Available in: https://www.smule.com/song/celine-dion-josh-grobanthe-prayer. Adapted.) 

However being the lyrics of a song, the text displays several of a prayer’s features, and its main elements seek to produce aesthetic sensations, since the way the message is communicated, how the code is used, not just the message itself, is a vital aim. Having considered the information previously given, point out the prevailing operative function explored in the text. 

The proliferation of approaches and methods is a prominent characteristic of contemporary second and foreign language teaching. Invention of new classroom practices and approaches to designing language programs and materials reflects a commitment to finding more efficient and more effective ways of teaching languages. Read and analyse the list below to answer 08.

1. Drilling may occur, but peripherally.

2. Comprehensible pronunciation is sought.

3. Judicious use of native language is accepted where feasible.

4. Reading and writing can start from the first day, if desired.

5. Sequencing is determined by any consideration of content, function or meaning which maintains interest.

6. Linguistic variation is a central concept in materials and methodology.

7. Language is created by the individual often through trial and error.

The list above especifically describes some of the major distinctive features that oppose to the: