Read the excerpt from adapted LDB (Law nº 9.394/1996) below:
The teaching of a modern foreign language, preferably English, shall be offered from the sixth year of elementary school.
(Adapted from LDB, Art. 26, §5.)
According to the Brazilian Education Law, it is correct to state that:

Read the excerpt from Marie Curie’s biography below:
Marie Curie, née Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867, the daughter of a secondary-school teacher. She received a general education in local schools and some scientific training from her father. She became involved in a students’ revolutionary organization and found it prudent to leave Warsaw, then in the part of Poland dominated by Russia, for Cracow, which at that time was under Austrian rule. In 1891, she went to Paris to continue her studies at the Sorbonne, where she obtained Licenciateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. She met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics, in 1894 and in the following year they were married.
(Available on: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/. Accessed on: may 2025.)
The alternative that correctly identifies the meaning and function of the relative pronoun in bold is:

Read the dialogue below between Lucas and Julia:
Lucas: I’m “going to” visit my grandmother this weekend. We’ve already bought the bus tickets.
Julia: That’s nice!
Lucas: Oh no, I forgot my umbrella. It looks like it’s “going to” rain soon.
Julia: Don’t worry. “I’ll” lend you mine.
Based on the conversation, the alternative that best explains the correct use of “going to” and “will” is:

New Technologies in the English Language Classroom

   The integration of new technologies in English language classrooms has revolutionized teaching and learning processes, enabling more interactive and engaging lessons. Digital tools such as language-learning apps, interactive whiteboards, and online resources provide students with diverse and flexible opportunities to practice English both in and out of the classroom. According to Warschauer and Healey (1998), these resources help accommodate different learning styles and needs, facilitating student-centered learning that encourages autonomy and active engagement with the language. Furthermore, teachers can tailor their materials to be more relevant and accessible, enhancing students' motivation and interest in language acquisition.
    Another significant advancement is the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and adaptive learning platforms, which can analyze students' progress and tailor activities accordingly. Platforms like Duolingo and Babbel utilize algorithms to personalize lessons based on individual performance, ensuring that students are consistently challenged at the right level (Godwin-Jones, 2019). This targeted approach allows students to improve at their own pace, addressing specific weaknesses and reinforcing strengths. Moreover, virtual and augmented reality technologies are increasingly employed to create immersive language experiences. By simulating real-life situations, these tools enable students to practice language skills in authentic contexts, which helps increase their confidence and fluency.
     Finally , new technologies also enable a global approach to language learning, connecting students with peers and native speakers worldwide through video conferencing and social media. Platforms like Zoom and Skype allow students to engage in live conversations, enhancing their listening and speaking skills in real-time. According to Sykes et al. (2008), such interactions promote intercultural understanding and give students a practical application for their language skills, which can increase both their motivation and proficiency. As technology continues to evolve, its role in English language classrooms will undoubtedly expand, fostering an environment where students can learn more effectively and creatively. Godwin-Jones, R. (2019). Emerging Technologies: The Evolution and Impact of Language-Learning Apps. *Language Learning & Technology*, 23(2), 5–17. Sykes, J. M., Oskoz, A., & Thorne, S. L. (2008). Web 2.0, Synthetic Immersive Environments, and the Future of Language Education. *CALICO Journal*, 25(3), 528–546.

Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. (1998). Computers and Language Learning: An Overview. *Language Teaching*, 31(2), 57–71.


According to the text, how do artificial intelligence (AI) and adaptive learning platforms contribute to the learning process in English language classrooms? 

   Researchers say they have found the likely time in history when human beings first began to speak. Dr Steven Mithen, an archaeologist and expert in prehistory, suggested that basic language was formed around 1.6 million years ago. This is eight times earlier than many scientists thought. Experts in evolution previously believed that spoken human language began around 200,000 years ago. Mithen said his studies show that the first human language developed either in eastern or southern Africa. He said the ability to speak helped evolution. He said speech was, "without doubt, the key which made much of subsequent human physical and cultural evolution possible".
   Dr Mithen explains how he believes human speech developed so long ago in his new book called, "The Language Puzzle". He says our brain quickly increased in size just over 1.5 million years ago. This increase changed the structure of our brain. An area called the frontal lobe developed. This is the part of the brain that produces language. Another important change was the development of our vocal tract. This is where we produce sound, and therefore speech. Mithen said speech allowed humans to spread around the world. It meant humans could do three important things. They could think of and plan future actions, and they could pass on knowledge. Mithen said language "changed the human story profoundly".
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/human-language-study-origins-speaking-b2514451.html
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/celebrity/humans-speaking-lot-longer-originally-145649872.html
https://sciworthy.com/how-did-humans-learn-to-speak/


According to Dr. Steven Mithen, what was the most significant consequence of the development of human speech for early humans? 

In the sentence "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog," which type of noun structure is primarily used?

In the sentence "Had she known about the meeting, she would have attended it," which aspect of the verb structure is demonstrated?

In the sentence "Each student must bring their own laptop to the seminar," which determinant is used, and what does it convey? 

In the sentence "She had studied for hours; nevertheless, she still found the test extremely difficult," what is the function of the linking word "nevertheless"?

Which of the following sentences demonstrates a correct use of a gradual comparative structure?

Which of the following sentences is an example of the passive voice?

In the provided text, which word can be considered a synonym for "underestimate"?

Which of the following sentences contains a correct word formation based on the original word found in the text?

What is one of the main reasons why teenage girls avoid reporting incidents of online harassment to their parents, according to the study?

According to the study conducted by the Girl Scout Research Institute (GSRI), what do teenage girls primarily rely on to determine safe behavior on the Internet?

Read the following text:

        How we define culture is highly contested and open to debate (Eagleton, 2000). Brown provides a useful explanation which links culture with thinking and language:

        “Cultural patterns, customs, and ways of life are expressed in language: culture specific world views are reflected in language (...) [L]anguage and culture interact so that world views among cultures differ, and that language used to express that world view may be relative and specific to that view”

Coyle, Hood and Marsh. CLIL: Content and Language Integrated Learning, 2010. Adaptado)

The alternative which is closest to Brown’s understanding of culture is:

Functions can be performed at different levels of formality, depending on the context and the intimacy between speakers. Considering the ordinary use of the language, there is an adequate choice of grammar and vocabulary in the utterance in alternative:

Functions are realized through words. The language used to express a function is called

A language function is a purpose you wish to achieve when you say or write something. Choose the alternative in which “giving suggestions” is the function intended.

According to Bentley (2010), among other aspects, CLIL aims to “provide scaffolding to support learning of content and language”. In language teaching, the most appropriate meaning of “scaffolding” is: