The contributions of active methodologies in the process of renewal and transformation that education has undergone during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly significant, as they promoted adaptable, student-centered approaches suited to remote and hybrid learning contexts. Despite their implementation representing significant progress, certain limitations became evident because

The concept of the instructional sequence in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) has been investigated recently in some Brazilian schools as a theoretical and methodological procedure for language teaching and learning, focusing on oral and written texts in a genre-based perspective. Thus, an instructional sequence, when applied from an interdisciplinary perspective, helps EFL students develop competencies across different subjects

Question must be answered based on the following statement.

Educators need to help students become more aware of the ways of working across multiple modes of communication.

Source: BOWEN, Tracey; WHITHAUS, Carl. What else is possible: multimodal composing and genre in the teaching of writing. In: BOWEN, Tracey; WHITHAUS, Carl (org.). Multimodal literacies and emerging genres. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013. p. 1-14.

Thus, based on the statement above, one approach to engaging students both in the creation of multimodal compositions and in developing their understanding of how these compositions function within social contexts is 

In Brazilian high schools, the current teaching and learning practices of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) often rely heavily on traditional assessments, such as written tests, grammar exercises, and vocabulary quizzes, to evaluate students. While these methods can measure knowledge of language rules, they frequently fail to capture students’ communicative competence, critical thinking, and ability to use English in real-life contexts. This is due to the fact that

Question must be answered based on the following passage.

Cognitive strategies are used to acquire and retain information. They include memorizing, problem solving, making mind maps, using mnemonics, etc. Metacognitive strategies involve determining which cognitive strategies should be used in a particular situation.

SOURCE: McGuire, Saundra Y . Close the Metacognitive Equity Gap: Teach All Students How to Learn. Journal of College Academic Support Programs. Volume 4 | Issue 1, 2021, p. 69.

Metacognitive strategies are important because they allow learners to

Mastering sentence construction is a crucial component of the Language Learning Process in Brazilian ESL (English as a Second Language) education. One common challenge observed among Brazilian learners is the omission of subjects in English sentences. This phenomenon happens due to

Question must be answered based on the following excerpt.

“It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.”

Source: Orwell, George. 1984. Penguin, 2004.

In the text, the words “bright,” “cold,” “vile,” and “gritty” contribute to: 

Read the excerpt from Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll, which depicts Alice’s first encounter with the Mouse:

“‘Mine is a long and a sad tale!’ said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing. ‘It is a long tail, certainly,’ said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse’s tail; ‘but why do you call it sad?’ And she kept on puzzling about it while the Mouse was speaking.”

Source: CarrollL, L. Alice’s adventures in wonderland. Penguin Classics. 1988. 

From the passage above, we can infer that the author used the figurative language called: 

Question must be answered based on the following passage.

Then summer came. A summer limp with the weight of blossomed things. Heavy sunflowers weeping over fences; iris curling and browning at the edges far away from their purple hearts; ears of corn letting their auburn hair wind down to their stalks.

Adapted from: MORRISON, Toni. Sula. Alfred A. Knopf, 1973. 

In the passage above, Toni Morrison constructs meaning through complex lexical and grammatical choices characterized by

Question must be answered based on the following aspects.

Language consists of grammaticalised lexis, not lexicalised grammar.

Adapted from: LEWIS, M. The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward, London: Commercial Colour Press. 1993. 

Michael Lewis contends that English teaching should prioritize the learning of lexical groups, such as collocations and language chunks, rather than focusing on the grammar/vocabulary dichotomy. Taking these aspects into consideration, it can be said that the language chunk 'have a slouch' was correctly used in:

The genre poem is characterized by the use of rhythm, figurative language, and structural devices such as rhyme, refrain, and stanza organization, which together create a heightened aesthetic and emotional effect. By reading Elizabeth Bishop’s poem “One Art”, we can assume that

Question must be answered based on the following sentences.

“She cast doubt on the reliability of the witness’s testimony.”;

“The company bore the brunt of the economic crisis.”;

“The scientist drew a distinction between correlation and causation.”;

“The lawyer raised an objection during the trial.” 

In the sentences, the collocations in bold can be best interpreted as:

In the novel If Beale Street Could Talk, James Baldwin creates a first-person narrator to denounce, among other things, the structural racism that characterizes the U.S. prison system. Analyzing the lexical and grammatical resources present in the excerpt, it is correct to state that: 

Experts have suggested a shift from the previously popular model of instructor-based teaching to a more student-oriented approach, known as active learning. Accordingly, active learning deals with 

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Consider a classroom where learners engage in "reflection and sharing," openly discussing their experiences and feelings related to language learning in a supportive group setting. Reflection and sharing is used as a technique within the Community Language Learning (CLL) method, which emphasizes creating a collaborative and emotionally safe learning community (Curran, 1976).

Adapted from: SHENASSA, Alex. Approach, Method, and Technique in Language Teaching (2024). Available at: https://www.atcbc.com/atc/approach-method-technique.html

Based on the pedagogical scenario described above, one can say that Community Language Learning is underpinned by

Question must be answered based on the following passage.

Reports generally use the present tense to describe general truths and factual information. Passive voice is frequently employed to maintain objectivity, and technical vocabulary is preferred to convey precise information.

Adapted from: https://www.pdst.ie/primary/literacy/writing-report-genre

Considering the following sentence from a laboratory report:

"The laboratory staff measures the chemical concentrations in each solution."

One can say that the most grammatically correct and academically appropriate passive construction for a report is:

Question must be answered based on the following excerpt.

In the past ten years of the project, we have implemented teletandem in three ways: institutionally, institutionally non-integrated, and institutionally integrated teletandem (Cavalari & Aranha, 2014). The three distinctions are important. First, because they situate the actions of the Teletandem Brasil Project. These actions differ from many private/business initiatives of online collaboration to learn foreign languages that are available on the internet (...). Basically, the Teletandem Brasil Project has always been institutional, that is, the practicing students were always enrolled in the courses of both universities.

Adapted from: TELLES, João A. “Learning foreign languages in teletandem: resources and strategies”. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/j/delta/a/yDgwtkLRKj5ftZ86ddKVggm/?format=html&lang=en.

Considering the excerpt above, teletandem can be understood as a language policy once

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Sony has invested millions of dollars in the development of Blu-Ray technology. The success of Blu-Ray is therefore vital for the company’s future.

Adapted from: ESTERAS, Santiago Remacha. Infotech: English for computer users (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2008. 

In the sentence above, the word “therefore” can be replaced, while maintaining the semantic value and preserving the logical relationship between the two clauses, by:

Question must be answered based on the following excerpt.

In an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course, the reading component necessitates a careful balance between the development of specific reading skills and language proficiency. Several critical skills, as mentioned in T. Dudley-Evans and M. J. St John’s Developments in ESP: a Multidisciplinary Approach (1999) are essential to be learned or transferred into the new language.

Adapted from: YARKULOVNA, Saidova Surayyo. Developing reading skills and comprehension in English for Specific Purposes (2023). Available at: https://zienjournals.com/index.php/jpip/article/view/4215/3495 

Regarding reading skills in the ESP context, it is correct to state that 

Question must be answered based on the following text.

Despite Brazil’s linguistic plurality, the myth of monolingualism persists, delineating a “linguistic territory” conceived as uniform. Language policies have historically been slow to acknowledge the country’s multilingual and plurilingual realities, although instruments such as the National Inventory of Linguistic Diversity (2010) represent notable exceptions.

Adapted from: GUIMARÃES, Felipe Furtado; FINARDI, Kyria Rebeca; CASOTTI, Janayna Bertollo Cozer. Internationalization and language policies in Brazil: what is the relationship? (2019). Available at: https://www.scielo.br/j/rbla/a/7yRjFPFBGHnxFzfrhYWvcJd/?lang=en

In the context of internalization, multilingualism, as a linguistic policy, is most accurately conceptualized as: