Questões de Concurso Sobre orações condicionais | conditional clauses em inglês

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Q4279241 Inglês
The Hidden History of Women Game Designers



Educational games were all the rage in the early ninteenth century. As the narrator of Sir Walter Scott's 1814 novel, Waverley, observed, "the history of England is now reduced to a game at cards, the problems of mathematics to puzzles and riddles." This bemusement reflects the burgeoning industry of instructional card, dice, and board games that sprang up in the late 1700s, partly in response to changing attitudes towards juvenile education outlined early on by the philosopher John Locke a century before.

Women at the time were, of course, generally barred from attending college and generally discouraged from the pursuit of learning beyond acquiring the skills of a governess. Yet the wave of enthusiasm for educational games nevertheless created an opportunity for some enterprising women—despite significant structural obstacles—to find an intellectual and creative outlet. Standout figures in the history of game design include Margaret Bryan, who directed a girl's school in Blackheath in southeastern London. A writer on science with a particular interest in astronomy, Bryan produced the boardgame Science in Sport, or the Pleasures of Astronomy in collaboration with the well-known game publisher John Wallis.

This game, a variation on the staple of the Game of the Goose (akin to Chutes and Ladders), requires players to spin a teetotum and race their pieces along the board. Most of the squares illustrate scientific phenomena, explained in an accompanying rule booklet, but some depict bad behavior, such as square six, which features "The County Gaol...for those who attend to the motion of Billiard Balls, more than to the motion of the Planets," and square twelve, which features "a blockhead." Landing on these meant losing a turn or worse, a player's place on the board.

Learning the rules of music theory by rote could seem tedious. But the subject itself—with its principles, prohibitions, and occasional exceptions—lent itself to gamification.

Other pioneering game designers include children's author Alicia Catherine Mant, who also published an astronomy-themed board game, while the ludic inventions of the poet and schoolteacher Elizabeth Rowse encompassed A Grammatical Game, in Rhyme, by a Lady (1802) and Mythological Amusement (1804).

Perhaps the most creative arena for female game designers, however, was music, and more specifically, music theory. Among the middle and upper classes, music was generally seen as a female accomplishment, and teaching its rudiments to children was typically left to mothers, governesses, or schoolmistresses. Learning the rules of music theory by rote could seem difficult and tedious. But the subject itself—with its principles, prohibitions, and occasional exceptions—lent itself remarkably well to gamification.

The nineteenth century's best-known musical game designer was the Edinburgh-based pianist and music teacher Anne Young. In 1801, she received a royal patent for a set of games intended to "render familiar and impress upon the memory, the fundamental principles of the science of music." The first British patent ever granted for a game, it was also the only one awarded that year to a female inventor, as David Ghere and Fred Amram have discovered. Two years after the launch of the Musical Games, Young, now the respectably married Mrs. Gunn, published a two-hundred-fifty page companion treatise entitled An Introduction to Music, which explained music theory fundamentals via instructions for playing her Musical Games. The treatise is organized as seven sections, each corresponding to a different set of games, and includes a number of optional variations, outlining twenty-two different games in total.

A handful of Young's Musical Games can be found in libraries, museums, and private collections today. They're luxury items: the boards were made of mahogany, while most of the nearly two hundred parts in each game—pins, dice, plates, and counters—were carved out of ivory and ebony. Priced originally at seven guineas, which was more than the annual wages of a laborer at the time, this game set would have been affordable only for the very wealthy.

Unlike earlier musical dice games, which were designed to encourage composition, Musical Games aimed to teach the rudiments of theory. Some of the games that can be played on the set involve racing, with players competing to move their pieces up and down various configurations on the board. Others involve the acquisition of points for correct answers, tallied with delicate ivory counters. A child following the treatise's progression of games would engage many of the fundamentals of music theory, ranging from notation through more advanced topics in harmony including chord resolution and modulation.

Young's invention haunted musical journals throughout the nineteenth century, resurfacing from time to time in newspaper queries, sometimes from readers intrigued by the warm endorsement it got from her husband John Gunn, a distinguished Scottish music pedagogue who wroteinstructional treatises. (In his writings, Gunn protested "without having ever previously heard the name of the ingenious and scientific Inventor, I was struck with the merits of these Games.") Interestingly, the Musical Games reappear nearly a century later in the essay "Games of Music," published in 1907 in the London-based magazine The Musical Times by Bertha Harrison, who was very likely the anti-suffrage activist also known as Ethel Bertha Harrison. Harrison was interested in music history—her earlier writings in The Musical Times had treated topics such as child prodigies and historic concert venues—but it was only in her essay on musical games that she revealed her political leanings.

In what may be one of the earliest pieces of ludomusicology, the study of music and games, Harrison's essay surveys the role of musical games from the eighteenth century to her present day. Although she ostensibly examines musical games in general, most of her article is dedicated to Young, whom she characterizes as a woman "possessed of an uncommon order of mind." Harrison describes Young's games as "so clever and ingenious, so full of nice detail, that all the music games of the present day seem poor in design and clumsy in execution in comparison with it."

However, the crux of Harrison's argument appears in a subsequent paragraph, where she struggles to put a positive spin on the striking disparity in the quality of games designed by women and men, writing that "is a curious and interesting fact that, among musical games, those invented by women are very complicated and extraordinarily full of detail, while those invented by men are, with very rare exceptions, quite simple and generally adaptations from other games. From this we may draw one of two conclusions: either that in this particular line woman has more originality than man, or that when she begins to invent, her mind becomes so engrossed with details as to lose sight of the main issue, and, in the words of the proverb, she cannot see the wood for the trees."

Conceding that women might be intrinsically better at musical game design, Harrison immediately undercuts this notion with the claim that women are overly concerned with details, and that is why their games tend to be more complex. The stereotype of the detail-oriented woman, as exemplified in this example, is a trope that, as Naomi Schor reminds us, has informed and limited understandings of female ability for centuries.

Harrison's critique notwithstanding, the nineteenth century saw many impressive music educational games invented by women. The 1851 Great Exhibition in London featured Gioco di Euterpe, (a game whose name invokes the Greek goddess of music) designed by Abelinde Prince and "intended to assist beginners in the knowledge of the relative value of musical characters, and to render them good timeists." The editor of The Girl's Own Book (1869) described a game developed by an anonymous female friend, entitled "Sir Samuel Semibreve," which taught sight-singing and could be ordered from a music shop in Middlesex.

Across the Atlantic, Abbie T. Hays, principal of a music school in Wichita, Kansas, filed a patent in 1895 for a "musical game device" designed to teach notation with pictures depicting the words spelled out by note-names (think B-A-G or B-E-E). Later that year, Sarah W. Featherstone, a schoolteacher in Toledo, Ohio, filed a patent for Nota Bene, which used a spinning wheel to teach children rhythm. And in 1897, the enterpreneurial Evelyn Fletcher of Toronto filed both Canadian and US patents for a Music Block Game. Her "Fletcher Music Method" would later be endorsed by luminaries such as John Philip Sousa and Hugo Riemann, and it was highly popular with schoolteachers. This is just a small selection of the names and devices that pop out of the archive. In my experience searching historical patent records, one is more likely to come across games designed by women than by men. Bertha Harrison seems to have gotten that right, at least!

Today, using gamification to teach music seems like a no-brainer. Indeed, many music videogames have become wildly popular—think instrument-based rhythm games like Guitar Hero. While these games generally teach synchronization, there are also plenty of music theory games available to try online, such as ToneGym, Solfege Story, or Chet — Ear Training. Although these modern creations would have been unthinkable a hundred years ago, these games are still part of an unusual—and unusually female—tradition.

https://daily.jstor.org/the-hidden-history-of-women-game-designers/
Women in the period were generally excluded from higher education, yet educational game design created an alternative intellectual outlet. A researcher formulates a counterfactual statement about this historical situation. Mark the alternative that presents a CORRECT third conditional sentence. 
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Q4247260 Inglês
Match each sentence in Column I to its conditional type in Column II. Then choose the alternative with the correct sequence.

Column I
1 - If you don't water plants, they die.
2 - If I win the lottery, I will buy a house.
3 - If I had a car, I would drive to work.
4 - If we had booked earlier, we would have paid less. 

Column II
( ) First conditional
( ) Third conditional
( ) Zero conditional
( ) Second conditional
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Q4247257 Inglês
Mark the alternative in which the conditional sentence is grammatically correct.
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Q4246809 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOW


TEXT I


Emotions inspire transformation: delving into EFL teachers’ emotions and professional identities


Emotions in education have attracted significant attention over the past few years, particularly in language teaching and learning. Emotions are not just fleeting states but also play a crucial role in classroom dynamics, influencing both student achievements and the quality of teaching. In particular, they are instrumental in influencing teachers’ professional identity, image, affective commitment level, and even classroom performance because the emotional experiences of teachers are deep, complex, and intertwined with their very professional identity. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) typically intensifies the emotional complexity. Subsequent research has extended beyond the understanding of emotions as solely psychological phenomena, and emotions are now also understood as sociocultural and political constructs. Viewed this way, teaching can be seen as emotional labor: an ongoing demand to demonstrate and regulate emotions in a way that aligns with professional norms but may lead to burnout and disillusionment if no coping mechanisms are provided. The challenges faced by teachers have led to an increased call for support to help them identify, process, and respond to emotions. This notion supports conscious emotional work, and as it is no longer viewed solely as remedial practice, it is a critical first step in developing coherent and resilient professional identities. The relationship between teacher emotions and identity is not a linear one; they are in constant and dynamic interplay with one another. As emotional experiences fluctuate, whether through student interactions, collegial relationships, or institutionalized approaches and policies, the teacher’s capacity to develop in a sense of professional identity also changes.


Adapted from https://www.frontiersin.org
In writing the clause “if no coping mechanisms are provided”, the author has used the
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Q4242176 Inglês
As conditional clauses, (orações condicionais), são empregadas para expressar diferentes relações entre condição e consequência. A Second Conditional é utilizada para indicar situações hipotéticas ou improváveis no presente ou no futuro.
Considerando-se as regras de uso da Second Conditional, assinale a alternativa que apresente a construção gramaticalmente correta.
Alternativas
Q4241034 Inglês
Sex Pollution

        Sex pollution is a concept found in cultural anthropology - specifically in the work of lrzlary Douglas.

         In her book Purity and Danger, she examined some of the different ways modern and more primitive peoples determine what is clean and unclean.

        Douglas explain ed that "dirt is essentially disorder." When we clean something, we are "positively reordering our environment, making it conform to an idea."

        When something or someone is determined to be dirty, it has been contaminated by a thing from a different category. Until it is cleaned or purified, it is partially out of order.

       In Douglas's words, "rituals of purity and impurity create unity in experience." What is out of order becomes alien, dissonant, and suspect, making everyone else uncomfortable.

            Sexual pollution occurs when the sexes interact in a way that blurs or ofÍends boundaries between males and females, arrd disorder is created between the sexes.

         In the case of men, it is usually believed that sexual pollution weakens virility and diminishes their masculine power.

        Some readers may be familiar with the primitive practice of constructing "menstrual huts" that separate menstruating women from men. Tribes that engaged in this practice viewed menstruating women as impure or tainted in some way, and believed that their feminine impurity could infect or pollute the masculine energy of the tribe's men - ultimately weakening them and making the tribe as a whole more vulnerable.

         Menstrual huts are a simple example of a practice dealing with the concept of sex pollution. There are a wide variety of other ways that cultures have sought to contain female energy to maintain an ordered separation of male and female sexual identity.

         Symbolically speaking, masculine identity always represents the creation of distance and separation from the feminine, the safety oÍ the nurturing mother, and a protected womb-like existence. Virility is established and maintained by venturing away from the world of women and out into the wild, dangerous world of the men who contend with danger and uncertainty at the edge of the cultural perimeter and beyond. Establishing a masculine identity always means establishing that men are not women through the creation or revelation of contrast between the sexes.

Fonte: https://www jack-donovan.com/sowilo /2024 /07 /06/beyond -theman-cave-sex-pollution and-the-retreat of-men-from-the-arts/
In the sentence Until it is cleaned or purified, it is partially out of order, the author uses a speciÍic structure to describe the state of an object. If the author wanted to express this as a recurring consequence oÍ a lack of action, which variation maintains a similar logical relationship? 
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Q4226412 Inglês
US heatwave threatens 250th anniversary events and World Cup


By Dharna Noor


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(Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jul/03/heatwave-world-cup-250th-anniversary – text specially adapted for this test).
In the excerpt “But if planet-warming emissions had not heated the planet by 1.4 °C (2.5 °F), such events would not have been expected to occur [...]” (l. 13–14), the conditional sentence indicates that the researchers suggest that
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Q4219684 Inglês
Why art gallery visits may be one of the healthiest habits you can build

This year’s top Health stories celebrate the kind of progress that hits close to home: advances that help us live longer, feel better, and take care of one another. From mental health wins to medical innovations, these 2025 highlights are all about healing, hope, and human potential.

Most of us know the feeling of standing in front of a painting that makes us pause. Maybe it’s a burst of color that lifts our mood or a quiet scene that steadies the mind. Either way, a new study from King’s College London suggests that these moments are doing far more than sparking emotion. Researchers have found measurable evidence that viewing original art can support both mental health and long-term physical wellbeing.

Their findings point to something powerful: spending even a short amount of time with original artworks may reduce stress, improve emotional balance, and potentially contribute to a longer, healthier life. And the best part is that you do not need to be an art expert to benefit.

What the study actually measured

To explore the connection between art and health, researchers invited fifty healthy adults between the ages of eighteen and forty to take part in an experiment. One group visited The Courtauld Gallery in London, where they viewed original masterpieces by artists including Vincent van Gogh and Édouard Manet. A second group viewed high-quality reproductions in a non-gallery setting.

Participants wore sensors that tracked heart rate, skin temperature, and other subtle responses. They also provided saliva samples before and after the experience so researchers could measure changes in stress and inflammation.

The results were striking:

   Cortisol, better known as the body’s primary stress hormone, fell by 22 percent among gallery visitors. Those who saw reproductions saw only an eight percent drop.

     Pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased by 30 percent in the gallery group and 28 percent in the reproduction group.
    
    Gallery visitors also showed signs of emotional engagement, including small drops in skin temperature and variation in heart-rate patterns.

These shifts matter because high cortisol and inflammation are linked to chronic conditions such as anxiety, heart disease, and diabetes. In other words, your quiet moment with an original painting could be supporting your long-term health in ways you cannot feel immediately.

Why original art matters even more

Although both groups experienced some positive changes, the impact was stronger for those who viewed original artworks. Researchers believe that the immersive environment of a gallery adds layers of sensory experience with elements that highlight space, scale, texture, and atmosphere. These aspects work together to deepen the body’s response.

Importantly, the researchers emphasized that the benefits appeared regardless of art knowledge or emotional intelligence. You do not need to understand an artist’s entire catalog or even consider yourself an “art person” to gain something meaningful.

A simple, accessible step toward wellbeing

The implications of this study reach beyond museum walls. These findings help pave the way for broader integration of art and wellbeing, offering a low-cost and accessible option for reducing loneliness, easing depression, and improving life satisfaction.

And while art may not replace clinical care, it can be a gentle, joyful tool to add to your wellness routine. The next time you find yourself lingering in front of a painting, know that your body is responding in ways that support you; calming, stimulating, and restoring at the same time.


Source: https://www.optimistdaily.com/2026/01/why-art-galleryvisits-may-be-one-of-the-healthiest-habits-you-can-build-2/. Access on May 4th 2026. 
Read the fifth and sixth paragraphs of the text and analyze the statements below.

I. In ‘Those who saw reproductions saw only an eight percent drop’, ‘who’ is a relative pronoun.
II. In ‘your quiet moment with an original painting could be supporting your long-term health in ways you cannot feel immediately’, there are two examples of modal verbs.
III. In ‘Those who saw reproductions saw only an eight percent drop’, ‘an’ is an example of preposition.
IV. In ‘The results were striking’, ‘the’ is an example of indefinite article.

Which statements are completely accurate?
Alternativas
Q4207515 Inglês
The First Edition of Emily Brontë’s ‘Wuthering Heights’
By Ellen Wexler
 

 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-first-edition-of-emily-brontes wuthering-heights-contained-incorrect-page-numbers-missing-punctuation-and-three-misspellings-of the-word-heights-180989005/ – text specially adapted for this test). 

Analyse the statements below about the following excerpt:


“If Mr. Newby always does business in this way, few authors would like to have him for their publisher a second time.” (l. 25–27)


I. It is a conditional sentence.


II. The first clause expresses a condition, while the second expresses a hypothetical consequence.


III. The conditional clause refers to a completed action in the past.


Which ones are correct? 

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Q4204989 Inglês
 If I __________ more time, I would travel more. 
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Q4202236 Inglês

Recognize the correct conditional form:


If I were you, I _____ that job. 

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Q4202227 Inglês

 Complete the correct form:


If I _____ time, I will help you.

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Q4197727 Inglês
Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a frase condicional (Second Conditional):
"If I ________ more money, I ________ a new car." 
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Q4197248 Inglês
Choose the sentence in which the conditional structure is correctly used.
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Q4183486 Inglês
Identify the correct structure for a Third Conditional sentence, which is often used to express regrets about the past:
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Q4174344 Inglês

Choose the alternative in which the conditional sentence is correctly used.

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Q4174338 Inglês
Choose the alternative in which the conditional sentence is correctly used. 
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Q4155974 Inglês
Select the option that correctly expresses a past hypothetical situation in accordance with standard patterns of perfect modal construction in English.  
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Q4149825 Inglês
Considering the conditional sentences below, identify the option that expresses a hypothetical situation in the past (third conditional). 
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Q4148239 Inglês
Conditional sentences are used to express situations that depend on specific conditions. Different conditional structures indicate facts, real possibilities, hypothetical situations, unreal past events, or mixed relationships between past and present circumstances. Analyze the statements below regarding the use of conditional sentences and identify which statements are correct.
I.The sentence “If water reaches 100°C, it boils” is an example of the Zero Conditional because it expresses a general fact.
II.The sentence “If she studies tonight, she will perform better on the test” illustrates the First Conditional because it refers to a likely future result.
IIl.The sentence “If I had more free time, I would join the research project” is an example of the Third Conditional because it describes an unreal past situation.
IV.The sentence “If they had checked the equipment, they would have avoided the accident” illustrates the Third Conditional because it refers to an unreal condition in the past.
V.The sentence “If he knew French, he would have translated the document yesterday” is an example of the First Conditional because it presents a future possibility.
Which alternative presents the correct statements?
Alternativas
Respostas
1: E
2: A
3: C
4: B
5: D
6: A
7: D
8: A
9: A
10: B
11: C
12: A
13: C
14: C
15: C
16: B
17: B
18: D
19: A
20: A