Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 12.709 questões
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417538
Inglês
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
The expression “People used to think” (l.4) suggests that they no longer think that way.
The expression “People used to think” (l.4) suggests that they no longer think that way.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417537
Inglês
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
The expression “Along with exercise” (l.15) can be correctly replaced with As well as exercising.
The expression “Along with exercise” (l.15) can be correctly replaced with As well as exercising.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417536
Inglês
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
“in the first place” (l.7) means basically the same as to start with.
“in the first place” (l.7) means basically the same as to start with.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417535
Inglês
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Doing housework cannot be regarded as exercising, because it is not very intense.
Doing housework cannot be regarded as exercising, because it is not very intense.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417534
Inglês
Judge the items that follow based on the text above.
“that conventional view” (l.9) refers to the theory that modern humans came from just one single place in Africa.
“that conventional view” (l.9) refers to the theory that modern humans came from just one single place in Africa.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417533
Inglês
Judge the items that follow based on the text above.
The text is narrative, as shown in its first paragraph.
The text is narrative, as shown in its first paragraph.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417532
Inglês
Judge the items that follow based on the text above.
“if any” (l.18) refers to the possibility that there is no Neandertal DNA in the author’s genome at all.
“if any” (l.18) refers to the possibility that there is no Neandertal DNA in the author’s genome at all.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417527
Inglês
Judge the following items according to the text above.
“non-Western societies” (l.17) and “Elsewhere in the world” (l.15) refer, in the text, to basically the same thing.
“non-Western societies” (l.17) and “Elsewhere in the world” (l.15) refer, in the text, to basically the same thing.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417526
Inglês
Judge the following items according to the text above.
The author used the expression “On the other hand” (l.16) to connect two different ideas.
The author used the expression “On the other hand” (l.16) to connect two different ideas.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417525
Inglês
According to the text, judge the following items.
The author, an exchange student from India, narrates his first day of school.
The author, an exchange student from India, narrates his first day of school.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2014 - SEDF - Estudantes Universitários |
Q417524
Inglês
According to the text, judge the following items.
The narrator’s mother moved to the U.S.A. three years before he did.
The narrator’s mother moved to the U.S.A. three years before he did.
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
DESENVOLVE-SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - DESENVOLVESP - Analista de Sistemas |
Q408040
Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.
Effective software project management focuses on the three P’s: people, problem, and process. The order is not arbitrary. The manager who forgets that software engineering work is an intensely human endeavor will never have success in project management. A manager who fails to encourage comprehensive customer communication early in the evolution of a project risks building an elegant solution for the wrong problem. Finally the manager who pays little attention to the process runs the risk of inserting competent technical methods and tools into a vacuum.
(Software Engineering – Concepts & Implementation. Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University)
Segundo o texto, o gerente
Effective software project management focuses on the three P’s: people, problem, and process. The order is not arbitrary. The manager who forgets that software engineering work is an intensely human endeavor will never have success in project management. A manager who fails to encourage comprehensive customer communication early in the evolution of a project risks building an elegant solution for the wrong problem. Finally the manager who pays little attention to the process runs the risk of inserting competent technical methods and tools into a vacuum.
(Software Engineering – Concepts & Implementation. Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University)
Segundo o texto, o gerente
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
DESENVOLVE-SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - DESENVOLVESP - Analista de Sistemas |
Q408039
Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.
Software components are built using a programming language that has a limited vocabulary an explicitly defined grammar and well formed rules of syntax and semantics. At the lowest level the language mirrors the instruction set of the hardware. At mid-level programming languages such as Ada 95, C or Smalltalk are used to create a procedural description of the program. At the highest level the language uses graphical icons or other symbology to represent the requirements for a solution. Executable instructions are automatically generated.
(Software Engineering – Concepts & Implementation. Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University)
De acordo com o texto,
Software components are built using a programming language that has a limited vocabulary an explicitly defined grammar and well formed rules of syntax and semantics. At the lowest level the language mirrors the instruction set of the hardware. At mid-level programming languages such as Ada 95, C or Smalltalk are used to create a procedural description of the program. At the highest level the language uses graphical icons or other symbology to represent the requirements for a solution. Executable instructions are automatically generated.
(Software Engineering – Concepts & Implementation. Centre for Information Technology and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University)
De acordo com o texto,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
DESENVOLVE-SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - DESENVOLVESP - Analista de Sistemas |
Q408038
Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.
A domain constraint implies that a particular attribute of a relation is defined on a particular domain. A domain constraint simply states that values of the attribute in question are required to belong to the set on values constituting the underlying domain.
(Database Fundamentals. Sharma, N. et al. DB2university.com, 1ª. edição, 2010)
A melhor tradução para o termo domain constraint é
A domain constraint implies that a particular attribute of a relation is defined on a particular domain. A domain constraint simply states that values of the attribute in question are required to belong to the set on values constituting the underlying domain.
(Database Fundamentals. Sharma, N. et al. DB2university.com, 1ª. edição, 2010)
A melhor tradução para o termo domain constraint é
Ano: 2014
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
DESENVOLVE-SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2014 - DESENVOLVESP - Analista de Sistemas |
Q408037
Inglês
Leia o texto a seguir.
The Object-Relational (OR) model is very similar to the relational model; however, it treats every entity as an object (instance of a class), and a relationship as an inheritance. Some features and benefits of an Object-Relational model are:
• Support for complex, user defined types
• Object inheritance
• Extensible objects
(Database Fundamentals. Sharma, N. et al. DB2university.com, 1ª. edição, 2010)
De acordo com o texto,
The Object-Relational (OR) model is very similar to the relational model; however, it treats every entity as an object (instance of a class), and a relationship as an inheritance. Some features and benefits of an Object-Relational model are:
• Support for complex, user defined types
• Object inheritance
• Extensible objects
(Database Fundamentals. Sharma, N. et al. DB2university.com, 1ª. edição, 2010)
De acordo com o texto,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
FCC
Órgão:
METRÔ-SP
Provas:
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Administração de Empresas
|
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Ciências Contábeis |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Advogado Júnior |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Economia |
Q407619
Inglês
Texto associado
Metro releases preliminary findings of investigation into overnight construction accident in Red Line work zone
News release issued at 3:27 pm, October 6, 2013.
The investigation into the cause of a fatal overnight construction accident on the Red Line in Washington, D.C. is ....B.... . The investigation team, led by Metro's Chief Safety Officer, has authorized the release of the following facts and preliminary findings:
The incident occurred shortly after midnight, Sunday, October 6, 2013, in a work zone on the outbound (Glenmont direction) track between Union Station and Judiciary Square.
Contractors and WMATA employees were performing rail renewal, a process that involves removing old sections of rail, installing new sections of rail and related activity such as welding and grinding.
At approximately 12:03 a.m., there was a fire and loud noise that originated near heavy track equipment used to weld rail sections together into a continuous strip.
The fire and loud noise originated approximately 70 to 80 feet from the injured workers. The root cause of the fire/noise has not yet been determined. It is not yet known if there was a fluid leak or another mechanical issue.
The fire was extinguished by workers using a handheld fire extinguisher.
The incident caused a 40-foot section of rail to move, striking three workers (two WMATA employees and a contractor). It is not yet known what caused the piece of rail to move.
The two WMATA employees - one track worker and one supervisor - suffered serious but non-life-threatening injuries from being struck by the piece of rail. They were transported to local hospitals.
The contractor, an employee of Holland Co., was fatally injured as a result of being struck by the piece of rail.
News release issued at 3:27 pm, October 6, 2013.
The investigation into the cause of a fatal overnight construction accident on the Red Line in Washington, D.C. is ....B.... . The investigation team, led by Metro's Chief Safety Officer, has authorized the release of the following facts and preliminary findings:
The incident occurred shortly after midnight, Sunday, October 6, 2013, in a work zone on the outbound (Glenmont direction) track between Union Station and Judiciary Square.
Contractors and WMATA employees were performing rail renewal, a process that involves removing old sections of rail, installing new sections of rail and related activity such as welding and grinding.
At approximately 12:03 a.m., there was a fire and loud noise that originated near heavy track equipment used to weld rail sections together into a continuous strip.
The fire and loud noise originated approximately 70 to 80 feet from the injured workers. The root cause of the fire/noise has not yet been determined. It is not yet known if there was a fluid leak or another mechanical issue.
The fire was extinguished by workers using a handheld fire extinguisher.
The incident caused a 40-foot section of rail to move, striking three workers (two WMATA employees and a contractor). It is not yet known what caused the piece of rail to move.
The two WMATA employees - one track worker and one supervisor - suffered serious but non-life-threatening injuries from being struck by the piece of rail. They were transported to local hospitals.
The contractor, an employee of Holland Co., was fatally injured as a result of being struck by the piece of rail.
Segundo o texto,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
FCC
Órgão:
METRÔ-SP
Provas:
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Administração de Empresas
|
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Ciências Contábeis |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Advogado Júnior |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Economia |
Q407618
Inglês
Texto associado
Metro releases preliminary findings of investigation into overnight construction accident in Red Line work zone
News release issued at 3:27 pm, October 6, 2013.
The investigation into the cause of a fatal overnight construction accident on the Red Line in Washington, D.C. is ....B.... . The investigation team, led by Metro's Chief Safety Officer, has authorized the release of the following facts and preliminary findings:
The incident occurred shortly after midnight, Sunday, October 6, 2013, in a work zone on the outbound (Glenmont direction) track between Union Station and Judiciary Square.
Contractors and WMATA employees were performing rail renewal, a process that involves removing old sections of rail, installing new sections of rail and related activity such as welding and grinding.
At approximately 12:03 a.m., there was a fire and loud noise that originated near heavy track equipment used to weld rail sections together into a continuous strip.
The fire and loud noise originated approximately 70 to 80 feet from the injured workers. The root cause of the fire/noise has not yet been determined. It is not yet known if there was a fluid leak or another mechanical issue.
The fire was extinguished by workers using a handheld fire extinguisher.
The incident caused a 40-foot section of rail to move, striking three workers (two WMATA employees and a contractor). It is not yet known what caused the piece of rail to move.
The two WMATA employees - one track worker and one supervisor - suffered serious but non-life-threatening injuries from being struck by the piece of rail. They were transported to local hospitals.
The contractor, an employee of Holland Co., was fatally injured as a result of being struck by the piece of rail.
News release issued at 3:27 pm, October 6, 2013.
The investigation into the cause of a fatal overnight construction accident on the Red Line in Washington, D.C. is ....B.... . The investigation team, led by Metro's Chief Safety Officer, has authorized the release of the following facts and preliminary findings:
The incident occurred shortly after midnight, Sunday, October 6, 2013, in a work zone on the outbound (Glenmont direction) track between Union Station and Judiciary Square.
Contractors and WMATA employees were performing rail renewal, a process that involves removing old sections of rail, installing new sections of rail and related activity such as welding and grinding.
At approximately 12:03 a.m., there was a fire and loud noise that originated near heavy track equipment used to weld rail sections together into a continuous strip.
The fire and loud noise originated approximately 70 to 80 feet from the injured workers. The root cause of the fire/noise has not yet been determined. It is not yet known if there was a fluid leak or another mechanical issue.
The fire was extinguished by workers using a handheld fire extinguisher.
The incident caused a 40-foot section of rail to move, striking three workers (two WMATA employees and a contractor). It is not yet known what caused the piece of rail to move.
The two WMATA employees - one track worker and one supervisor - suffered serious but non-life-threatening injuries from being struck by the piece of rail. They were transported to local hospitals.
The contractor, an employee of Holland Co., was fatally injured as a result of being struck by the piece of rail.
Dentro do contexto, a palavra que preenche corretamente a lacuna ...B... é
Ano: 2014
Banca:
FCC
Órgão:
METRÔ-SP
Provas:
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Administração de Empresas
|
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Ciências Contábeis |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Advogado Júnior |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Economia |
Q407617
Inglês
Texto associado
San Francisco Subway TBMs Dig Deep to Overcome Tunnel Challenges
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
Segundo o texto,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
FCC
Órgão:
METRÔ-SP
Provas:
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Administração de Empresas
|
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Ciências Contábeis |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Advogado Júnior |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Economia |
Q407616
Inglês
Texto associado
San Francisco Subway TBMs Dig Deep to Overcome Tunnel Challenges
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
Segundo Wilson,
Ano: 2014
Banca:
FCC
Órgão:
METRÔ-SP
Provas:
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Administração de Empresas
|
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Ciências Contábeis |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Advogado Júnior |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Engenheiro Júnior - Mecânica |
FCC - 2014 - METRÔ-SP - Analista Desenvolvimento Gestão Júnior - Economia |
Q407615
Inglês
Texto associado
San Francisco Subway TBMs Dig Deep to Overcome Tunnel Challenges
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
September 4, 2013
By Greg Aragon
Tunneling 100 ft below a busy city with varying substructure is a delicate job, especially when the work comes .....A.... 8 ft of existing tunnels. Such is the case on San Francisco's new $1.5-billion Central Subway Project, which began major subterranean excavation last month.
"The tunnels pass through both soft ground and Franciscan formation, which is heterogeneous rock that is not predictable except in its unpredictability," says Sarah Wilson, a San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) resident engineer.
While underground conditions will be tricky, the project's twin earth-pressure-balance tunnel-boring machines will be able to adjust their blades and cut through any sand, dirt or rock, says Wilson. The TBMs, dubbed Mom Chung and Big Alma, are each 350 ft long and weigh 750 tons.
Mom Chung was first out of the 450-ft-long launch box. Over the next 10 months, she will travel north, creating a 1.7-mile-long tunnel. Big Alma will begin digging a southbound parallel tunnel later this month.
The tunnels are the main component of the Central Subway Project, which is extending the Muni Metro T Third Line through one of the most densely populated neighborhoods in the U.S. with three new underground stations and one at street level. Work on the line is scheduled to wrap up in 2019.
To prevent and control ground and adjacent structure settlement, the team will use compensation grouting, in which a horizontal array of grout pipes is installed into a shaft drilled down next to the tunnel alignment. "We are basically preconditioning the ground and making it homogeneous so that there are no surprises for the crossing," says John Funghi, SFMTA program director.
A palavra que preenche corretamente a lacuna ...A... é :
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