Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

Foram encontradas 12.997 questões

Q2170191 Inglês
What Is Linguistic Diversity?

     What is language diversity? Language diversity, or linguistic diversity, is a broad term used to describe the differences between different languages and the ways that people communicate with each other. Language is one of the features of humanity that sets the species apart from others on Earth, as far as scientists are aware. Languages are necessarily systematic, meaning that they are bound by rules. This mechanism has been instrumental in allowing humans to communicate with each other and form complex cultures and civilizations. Understanding what linguistic diversity is, how it applies on a worldwide scale, and how it applies in education can help create a more thorough and lasting understanding of the study of culture in general and the place of language in human life. [...] Examples of Linguistic Diversity
        In terms of variety of languages, there are many examples of linguistic diversity around the world. Linguistic diversity is sometimes measured using a language diversity index, of which there are several. These tools examine the likelihood of two given people in a country or region speaking the same native language. If virtually everyone in a country speaks the same language, the diversity index will approach 0. If there is a very high degree of native language diversity, the index will approach 1. Countries with a low diversity index include Britain, Brazil, Australia, and Japan, all of which have an index score of 0.2 or less. Diversity is also quite low in the U.S., hovering somewhere between 0.2 and 0.4. Countries with a very high diversity index include South Africa (which has 11 official languages), India, and Papua New Guinea. All of these countries have an index score of 0.8 or higher.
        High levels of linguistic diversity often indicate that a country has one or more of the following:
• A very large population
• Many ethnic groups
• Many historical and current trade routes
• A history of being colonized
• Many mountains and other isolating geographical features
     Countries deal with high levels of linguistic diversity in different ways. In some places, a single language emerges as the lingua franca or common language. In other places, languages are combined to form pidgins and creoles, usually in places where people had to learn to communicate very quickly.
      One small island called South Goulburn, located off the coast of Australia, has an unusual way of dealing with and maintaining linguistic diversity. On that island, the population of around 500 people keep nine languages alive and thriving. Many of those are indigenous Australian languages with very few speakers. On South Goulburn, it is considered somewhat taboo to speak a second language, as languages are closely bound up with personal and cultural identity. Everyone on the island understands some or all 12 of the nine languages, but speak only their own, expecting others to respond in their own languages. This is a phenomenon called receptive multilingualism.

Disponível em: study.com/learn/lesson/linguisticdiversity.html#:~:text=Language%20diversity%2C%20or%20linguistic%20diversity,far%20as%20scientists%20are%20aw
Assinale a alternativa incorreta sobre o texto:
Alternativas
Q2170190 Inglês
What Is Linguistic Diversity?

     What is language diversity? Language diversity, or linguistic diversity, is a broad term used to describe the differences between different languages and the ways that people communicate with each other. Language is one of the features of humanity that sets the species apart from others on Earth, as far as scientists are aware. Languages are necessarily systematic, meaning that they are bound by rules. This mechanism has been instrumental in allowing humans to communicate with each other and form complex cultures and civilizations. Understanding what linguistic diversity is, how it applies on a worldwide scale, and how it applies in education can help create a more thorough and lasting understanding of the study of culture in general and the place of language in human life. [...] Examples of Linguistic Diversity
        In terms of variety of languages, there are many examples of linguistic diversity around the world. Linguistic diversity is sometimes measured using a language diversity index, of which there are several. These tools examine the likelihood of two given people in a country or region speaking the same native language. If virtually everyone in a country speaks the same language, the diversity index will approach 0. If there is a very high degree of native language diversity, the index will approach 1. Countries with a low diversity index include Britain, Brazil, Australia, and Japan, all of which have an index score of 0.2 or less. Diversity is also quite low in the U.S., hovering somewhere between 0.2 and 0.4. Countries with a very high diversity index include South Africa (which has 11 official languages), India, and Papua New Guinea. All of these countries have an index score of 0.8 or higher.
        High levels of linguistic diversity often indicate that a country has one or more of the following:
• A very large population
• Many ethnic groups
• Many historical and current trade routes
• A history of being colonized
• Many mountains and other isolating geographical features
     Countries deal with high levels of linguistic diversity in different ways. In some places, a single language emerges as the lingua franca or common language. In other places, languages are combined to form pidgins and creoles, usually in places where people had to learn to communicate very quickly.
      One small island called South Goulburn, located off the coast of Australia, has an unusual way of dealing with and maintaining linguistic diversity. On that island, the population of around 500 people keep nine languages alive and thriving. Many of those are indigenous Australian languages with very few speakers. On South Goulburn, it is considered somewhat taboo to speak a second language, as languages are closely bound up with personal and cultural identity. Everyone on the island understands some or all 12 of the nine languages, but speak only their own, expecting others to respond in their own languages. This is a phenomenon called receptive multilingualism.

Disponível em: study.com/learn/lesson/linguisticdiversity.html#:~:text=Language%20diversity%2C%20or%20linguistic%20diversity,far%20as%20scientists%20are%20aw
Assinale a alternativa correta sobre o texto: 
Alternativas
Q2170188 Inglês
Assinale a alternativa que completa o período abaixo com coesão e coerência:
The marketing director from our factory in New York has not arrived yet, …
Alternativas
Q2170178 Inglês
Leia as orações abaixo e depois assinale a alternativa incorreta:
I – Julia goes to the gym three times a week, but she hates it. II – The baby slept very well last night, after he was breastfed. III – I am going to move to another town after I retire. IV – I have already seen this movie. Let’s choose another one.
Alternativas
Q2170177 Inglês
Assinale a alternativa correta: 
Alternativas
Q2170176 Inglês
I have always quite irrationally prided myself on my good health, for I have only occasionally had to take a day off work when I have had a cold.
     So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long. He added that, like many middle-aged men, I led a completely sedentary life: I sat behind my office desk during the day and relaxed in my armchair in the evening with my eyes firmly fixed on the television set.
      It was true that I had been getting fatter, but this had not worried me much, for I simply attributed it to the fact that I was getting older.
     My doctor advised me to go on a diet immediately, so I tried cutting down on fattening foods, such  as potatoes and butter, but without any visible signs of success, for my trouble is that I am very fond of my food and besides, my wife is an excellent cook. I then decided that it was all a question of exercise, and for this year’s holiday, I was determined to go somewhere which was conducive to taking exercise and not to our usual seaside resort, where one is tempted to simply go down to the beach and lie in the sun. (In other words – L.G. Alexander and Catherine Wilson).
Ainda sobre o texto, assinale a alternativa incorreta
Alternativas
Q2170175 Inglês
I have always quite irrationally prided myself on my good health, for I have only occasionally had to take a day off work when I have had a cold.
     So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long. He added that, like many middle-aged men, I led a completely sedentary life: I sat behind my office desk during the day and relaxed in my armchair in the evening with my eyes firmly fixed on the television set.
      It was true that I had been getting fatter, but this had not worried me much, for I simply attributed it to the fact that I was getting older.
     My doctor advised me to go on a diet immediately, so I tried cutting down on fattening foods, such  as potatoes and butter, but without any visible signs of success, for my trouble is that I am very fond of my food and besides, my wife is an excellent cook. I then decided that it was all a question of exercise, and for this year’s holiday, I was determined to go somewhere which was conducive to taking exercise and not to our usual seaside resort, where one is tempted to simply go down to the beach and lie in the sun. (In other words – L.G. Alexander and Catherine Wilson).
Observe o trecho abaixo retirado do texto e assinale a alternativa incorreta:
“So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight”.
Alternativas
Q2170174 Inglês
I have always quite irrationally prided myself on my good health, for I have only occasionally had to take a day off work when I have had a cold.
     So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long. He added that, like many middle-aged men, I led a completely sedentary life: I sat behind my office desk during the day and relaxed in my armchair in the evening with my eyes firmly fixed on the television set.
      It was true that I had been getting fatter, but this had not worried me much, for I simply attributed it to the fact that I was getting older.
     My doctor advised me to go on a diet immediately, so I tried cutting down on fattening foods, such  as potatoes and butter, but without any visible signs of success, for my trouble is that I am very fond of my food and besides, my wife is an excellent cook. I then decided that it was all a question of exercise, and for this year’s holiday, I was determined to go somewhere which was conducive to taking exercise and not to our usual seaside resort, where one is tempted to simply go down to the beach and lie in the sun. (In other words – L.G. Alexander and Catherine Wilson).
Leia as afirmações sobre o texto e depois assinale a alternativa correta:
I – The doctor said the narrator might have a heart attack. II – The narrator became worried because he was getting older. III – Following doctor’s orders, he started a diet, but it didn’t work out. IV – He decided to go to the seaside on his next holiday in order to walk on the beach.
Alternativas
Q2170173 Inglês
I have always quite irrationally prided myself on my good health, for I have only occasionally had to take a day off work when I have had a cold.
     So I was quite offended by my doctor who, when we ran into each other in the street one day, took one look at me and told me that I was definitely overweight and that if I did not make an effort to lose some weight, I could expect to have a heart attack before very long. He added that, like many middle-aged men, I led a completely sedentary life: I sat behind my office desk during the day and relaxed in my armchair in the evening with my eyes firmly fixed on the television set.
      It was true that I had been getting fatter, but this had not worried me much, for I simply attributed it to the fact that I was getting older.
     My doctor advised me to go on a diet immediately, so I tried cutting down on fattening foods, such  as potatoes and butter, but without any visible signs of success, for my trouble is that I am very fond of my food and besides, my wife is an excellent cook. I then decided that it was all a question of exercise, and for this year’s holiday, I was determined to go somewhere which was conducive to taking exercise and not to our usual seaside resort, where one is tempted to simply go down to the beach and lie in the sun. (In other words – L.G. Alexander and Catherine Wilson).
Marque a alternativa verdadeira sobre o texto: 
Alternativas
Q2169585 Inglês

Text CB1A2-II  


18.png (381×155)


Jorge Cham. Piled higher and deeper. Internet: <www.phdcomics.com>.

In text CB1A2-II, Cecilia’s friend seems confused when she asks “Excuse me?”. It can be said that it happens because  
Alternativas
Q2169584 Inglês

Text CB1A2-I  


   Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death. 

    What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

   Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

   We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

    Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.


Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted). 

In text CB1A2-I, the expression “stand in contrast”, in “Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter” means the same as 
Alternativas
Q2169583 Inglês

Text CB1A2-I  


   Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death. 

    What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

   Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

   We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

    Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.


Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted). 

According to text CB1A2-I, among the countries that have an explicit-consent organ donation policy it is included 
Alternativas
Q2169582 Inglês

Text CB1A2-I  


   Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death. 

    What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

   Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

   We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

    Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.


Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted). 

Considering the results of the research presented in text CB1A2-I, choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q2169581 Inglês

Text CB1A2-I  


   Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death. 

    What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

   Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

   We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

    Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.


Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted). 

Considering the end of the second paragraph of text CB1A2-I, choose the option which presents a correct longer version of the question the authors want to ask when they use “Why?”.  
Alternativas
Q2169580 Inglês

Text CB1A2-I  


   Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death. 

    What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

   Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

   We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

    Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.


Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted). 

Considering the data about the American population and their preferences regarding organ donation, presented in the first paragraph of text CB1A2-I, choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q2169484 Inglês
A. Read the text below and answer the question: 
Imagem associada para resolução da questão




B. The verb tense in the question “What have you learned today?” was used to talk about: 
Alternativas
Q2169479 Inglês
A. Read the following excerpt from Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew:
“Baptista: Gentlemen, importune me no farther, For how I firmly am resolu'd you know: That is, not to bestow my yongest daughter, Before I haue a husband for the elder: If either of you both loue Katherina, Because I know you well, and loue you well, Leaue shall you haue to court her at your pleasure.”
Source: https://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/download/text-pdfs/F-shr.pdf
B. In this context, the word “bestow” is closest in meaning to: 
Alternativas
Q2169478 Inglês
Read the following excerpt from Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and compare the concessive clause in bold with the other clauses below (I to IV). Which one of these subordinate clauses shares the same classification of clause in “although utterly unknown to her before” from the first excerpt? “He protested that, except Lady Catherine and her daughter, he had never seen a more elegant woman; for she had not only received him with the utmost civility, but even pointedly included him in her invitation for the next evening, although utterly unknown to her before.” (AUSTEN, 2013, p. 71).
I – Even though she read Pride and Prejudice, she does not remember all the story. II – “Mr Darcy, who was leaning against the mantelpiece with these eyes fixed on her face, seemed to catch her words with no less resentment than surprize.” (AUSTEN, 2013, p. 184). III – “It will be no use to us if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them.” (AUSTEN, 2013, p. 3). IV – “The two ladies were delighted to see their dear friend again, […] since they had met […]” (AUSTEN, 2013, p. 78).
Alternativas
Q2169472 Inglês
Read the poem I too below to answer QUESTION.

I, Too

Langston Hughes - 1901-1967

I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed —
I, too, am America.

Source: The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, published by Knopf and Vintage Books. Copyright © 1994 by the Estate of Langston Hughes. All rights reserved. Used by permission of Harold Ober Associates Incorporated.
Read the poem again and choose the option to complete the sentence below:
It´s possible to observe a multi-dimensional meaning in the title, “I, too” in the lines that open and close the poem. If you hear the word as the number “two”, it can be inferred to someone who: 
Alternativas
Q2169471 Inglês
Read the poem I too below to answer QUESTION.

I, Too

Langston Hughes - 1901-1967

I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
“Eat in the kitchen,”
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed —
I, too, am America.

Source: The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, published by Knopf and Vintage Books. Copyright © 1994 by the Estate of Langston Hughes. All rights reserved. Used by permission of Harold Ober Associates Incorporated.
A. Read the sentences about the poem and write true (T) or false (F).
I. The poem expresses how he felt like an unforgotten American citizen because of his skin color. ( )
II. Hughes proclaims that he, too, is an American, even though the dominant members of society are constantly pushing him aside and hiding him away because he is an African American. ( )   III. Even though Hughes feels ostracized because of his job in the kitchen, he still sings like an American.( ) 
IV. Although short in length, it delivers a powerful message about how many African Americans have been working in America.( )
V. He hopes white people will be ashamed of the way they have treated African Americans, and they will realize they are also a part of the country. ( )
B. Now, choose the correct alternative. 
Alternativas
Respostas
4821: B
4822: A
4823: B
4824: D
4825: B
4826: D
4827: B
4828: C
4829: A
4830: A
4831: C
4832: D
4833: D
4834: A
4835: B
4836: A
4837: E
4838: A
4839: A
4840: C