Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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A Free Press Needs You
By The Editorial Board
August 15, 2018
In 1787, the year the Constitution was adopted in the USA, Thomas Jefferson famously wrote to a friend, “Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”
That's how he felt before he became president, anyway. Twenty years later, after enduring the oversight of the press from inside the White House, he was less sure of its value. “Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,” he wrote. “Truth itself becomes suspicious by being put into that polluted vehicle.”
Jefferson's discomfort was, and remains, understandable. Reporting the news in an open society is an enterprise laced with conflict. His discomfort also illustrates the need for the right of free press he helped to preserve. As the founders believed from their own experience, a well-informed public is best equipped to root out corruption and, over the long haul, promotes liberty and justice. “Public discussion is a political duty,” the Supreme Court said in 1964. That discussion must be “uninhibited, robust, and wide-open” and “may well include vehement, caustic and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials.”
(www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/15/opinion/editorials/free-press-local
-journalism-news-donald-trump.html?action=click&module=Trending&
pgtype=Article®ion=Footer&contentCollection=Trending. Adaptado.)
A Free Press Needs You
By The Editorial Board
August 15, 2018
In 1787, the year the Constitution was adopted in the USA, Thomas Jefferson famously wrote to a friend, “Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”
That's how he felt before he became president, anyway. Twenty years later, after enduring the oversight of the press from inside the White House, he was less sure of its value. “Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper,” he wrote. “Truth itself becomes suspicious by being put into that polluted vehicle.”
Jefferson's discomfort was, and remains, understandable. Reporting the news in an open society is an enterprise laced with conflict. His discomfort also illustrates the need for the right of free press he helped to preserve. As the founders believed from their own experience, a well-informed public is best equipped to root out corruption and, over the long haul, promotes liberty and justice. “Public discussion is a political duty,” the Supreme Court said in 1964. That discussion must be “uninhibited, robust, and wide-open” and “may well include vehement, caustic and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials.”
(www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/15/opinion/editorials/free-press-local
-journalism-news-donald-trump.html?action=click&module=Trending&
pgtype=Article®ion=Footer&contentCollection=Trending. Adaptado.)
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage realized that, besides calculation, the Analytical Engine could be used for other purposes.
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Apart from its inventor, nobody ever used Babbage’s Analytical Engine.
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Lack of money was the main reason why the building of the Analytical Engine was not carried out.
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Nobody thought of a programmable computer before Charles Babbage.
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Ada Lovelace met Charles Babbage through Mary Somerville.
Based on the text, judge the item below.
Mary Somerville was Ada Lovelace’s teacher.
Analyze the propositions that follow according to the text and chose the correct alternative.
I. This text has been produced because these days fake news has become very common and needs to be combated.
II. The chart presented aims at furnishing readers with clues that can be used in order to avoid being a victim of fake news.
III. The pervasive power of false rumors vary according to hoaxes and frequency of the kind of information being released and spread online.
IV. The reliability of the news is regarded higher when broadcast on social media.
V. More than 50% of the population has been trying to combat fake news.
According to the text, identify the propositions below as true (T) or false (F) and chose the correct alternative, from top to bottom.
( ) The pronoun their (line 3) refers to ‘hoaxes’.
( ) The word misleading (line 2) could be replaced by ‘deceptive’ without change in meaning.
( ) The pronoun it (line 7) refers to ‘digital media’.
( ) The meaning of the sentence ‘Fake news has been one of the most hotly-debated socio-political topics of recent years’ (line 1) is that ‘lately fake news has been one of the socio-political issues most often agreed to be harmful’.
New Public Management Model
The new public management model, which emerged in the 1980s, represented an attempt to make the public sector more business-like as well as to improve the efficiency of the Government, borrowed ideas and management models from the private sector. It emphasized the centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public sector.
New public management system also proposed a more decentralized control of resources. It explored other service delivery models so as to achieve better results, including a quasi-market structure where public and private service providers competed with each other in an attempt to provide better and faster services.
The Core Themes for the New Public Management were:
1. A strong focus on financial control, value for money and increasing public sector efficiency;
2. A command and control mode of functioning, identifying and setting targets and continuous monitoring of public sector performance;
3. Introducing audits and controls at professional level, using transparent means to review public worker performance, setting benchmarks, using protocols to ameliorate public sector worker professional behaviour;
4. Greater customer orientation and responsiveness and increasing the scope of roles played by non-public sector providers;
5. Deregulating the labor market, replacing collective agreements to individual rewards packages combined with short term contracts;
6. Introducing new forms of corporate governance, introducing a board model of functioning and concentrating the power to the strategic core of the organization.
(www.managementstudyguide.com/new-public-management.htm.
Adaptado.)
New Public Management Model
The new public management model, which emerged in the 1980s, represented an attempt to make the public sector more business-like as well as to improve the efficiency of the Government, borrowed ideas and management models from the private sector. It emphasized the centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public sector.
New public management system also proposed a more decentralized control of resources. It explored other service delivery models so as to achieve better results, including a quasi-market structure where public and private service providers competed with each other in an attempt to provide better and faster services.
The Core Themes for the New Public Management were:
1. A strong focus on financial control, value for money and increasing public sector efficiency;
2. A command and control mode of functioning, identifying and setting targets and continuous monitoring of public sector performance;
3. Introducing audits and controls at professional level, using transparent means to review public worker performance, setting benchmarks, using protocols to ameliorate public sector worker professional behaviour;
4. Greater customer orientation and responsiveness and increasing the scope of roles played by non-public sector providers;
5. Deregulating the labor market, replacing collective agreements to individual rewards packages combined with short term contracts;
6. Introducing new forms of corporate governance, introducing a board model of functioning and concentrating the power to the strategic core of the organization.
(www.managementstudyguide.com/new-public-management.htm.
Adaptado.)
New Public Management Model
The new public management model, which emerged in the 1980s, represented an attempt to make the public sector more business-like as well as to improve the efficiency of the Government, borrowed ideas and management models from the private sector. It emphasized the centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or customers to the public sector.
New public management system also proposed a more decentralized control of resources. It explored other service delivery models so as to achieve better results, including a quasi-market structure where public and private service providers competed with each other in an attempt to provide better and faster services.
The Core Themes for the New Public Management were:
1. A strong focus on financial control, value for money and increasing public sector efficiency;
2. A command and control mode of functioning, identifying and setting targets and continuous monitoring of public sector performance;
3. Introducing audits and controls at professional level, using transparent means to review public worker performance, setting benchmarks, using protocols to ameliorate public sector worker professional behaviour;
4. Greater customer orientation and responsiveness and increasing the scope of roles played by non-public sector providers;
5. Deregulating the labor market, replacing collective agreements to individual rewards packages combined with short term contracts;
6. Introducing new forms of corporate governance, introducing a board model of functioning and concentrating the power to the strategic core of the organization.
(www.managementstudyguide.com/new-public-management.htm.
Adaptado.)
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text carefully and then answer the questions from 33 to 38 by choosing the correct alternative.
Brazil corruption scandals: All you need to know
For the past three years, Brazil has been gripped by a scandal which started with a state-owned oil company and grew to encapsulate people at the very top of business - and even presidents.
On the face of it, it is a straightforward corruption scandal - albeit one involving millions of dollars in kickbacks and more than 80 politicians and members of the business elite.
But as the tentacles of the investigation dubbed Operation Car Wash fanned out, other scandals emerged.
It has led to some of those who have found themselves accused claiming they are the victims of political plots, designed to bar them from office.
What is Operation Car Wash?
Operation Car Wash began in March 2014 as an investigation into allegations that Brazil's biggest construction firms overcharged state-oil company Petrobras for building contracts.
Investigators accused directors at the firm - named the world's most ethical oil and gas company in 2008 - of skimming the extra money off the top as a bribe for awarding the contract.
Which is bad enough - but then the Workers' Party found itself dragged into the corruption scandal amid allegations of having funneled some of these funds to pay off politicians and buy their votes and help with political campaigns.
Among those accused in the scandal were dozens of politicians, and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva - the country's extremely popular former president, known affectionately as "Lula".
The alternatives are correct, EXCEPT:
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the text carefully and then answer the questions from 28 to 30 by choosing the correct alternative.
People seeking to escape poverty and dangerous conditions in their homelands are increasingly hiring human smugglers to help usher them across the U.S. border and evade capture by the Trump administration‘s immigration agents amid the president's immigration crackdown. It's common to see a rise in this alarming practice when a country enacts more aggressive immigration policies or threatens mass deportations.
The text is about:
A primeira fala de Haroldo, o tigre, no primeiro quadrinho, indica que Haroldo:
De acordo com a tirinha, analisar os itens abaixo:
I - Calvin, o garoto, afirma que o pânico gerado por deixar as coisas para o último minuto pode lhe dar criatividade.
II - Calvin preferiria fazer seu projeto agora a brincar na caixa de areia, como mostram as imagens.
Read text 5 and answer question 25
TEXT 5
Online learning takes many forms, and perhaps one of the most accessible and easiest to incorporate into classroom practice is blended learning. Blended learning can be the best of both worlds as it allows faceto- face interaction and access to online resources to help students understand material presented in class. Fully online classes can suffer from students feeling isolated and unmotivated by a lack of a community of learners. Blended learning helps to reduce this issue by giving the students classroom time with a teacher and learner whether physical or through synchronous online video sessions. This helps to create what Garrison and Kanuka (2004) call a community of inquiry. A community of inquiry gives students the structure they need to process the enormous amount of content they can find online. In these communities students are able to reflect on material they find online and incorporate what they learn from these materials into classroom materials, providing a form of scaffolding. The goal of blended learning is to encourage students to link life experiences to what they have learned, ask questions, and develop self-motivation to become independent learners.
https://americanenglish.state.gov/resources/teachers-corner-online-learning#child-2056
Access on 16th, 2018
According to the passage, blended learning
Read text 4 and answer questions 23 and 24.
TEXT 4
The sense of individuality and nationalism that has been borne from the diversity of ethnicities and traditions in Brazil is extremely strong; people take great pride in the uniqueness of their culture. The idea of ‘Brazilianism,’ which examines Brazil’s powerful history and how its distinct communities have come together to form a cohesive and unified nation, is now being offered at the university level as a subject of study. Cultivated partially by decades of unfavourable sentiment directed at different times towards the Portuguese, Spanish, British and Americans, the Brazilian identity is also defined to a certain extent by its anti-imperialist views.
The English language specifically has long been denied special consideration in Brazilian politics, policy and education due in part to the association between the language and the notion of cultural imperialism; generations of Brazilians have prospered without knowledge of the language and many in the country associate English with the United States and its role in the military regime from the 1960s to the 1980s. Due to this and the diversity of Brazilian history and the Brazilian people, it has been important not to refer to English as a second language - of which many exist in the form of indigenous languages – but as one of many foreign languages. Examples of the democratisation of language is exemplified by the fact that seven foreign languages are offered to middle schoolers in Sao Paulo as well as the historical role of Spanish and French as the foreign languages of choice. Our research has shown that the popular sentiment towards English is slowly changing, especially with the new generation of citizens that has no experience with the former dictatorship and an awareness of the increasingly globalised knowledge economy, of which Brazil is an important part.
https://ei.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/latin-america-research/English%20in%20Brazil.pdf
Access on August 18th, 2018
According to the text, in Brazil
Conheça nossos planos