Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 8.732 questões
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FEPESE
Órgão:
InvestSC
Provas:
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Administrativo
|
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Contábil |
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente de Negócios - Analista de Negócios |
Q4037554
Inglês
Texto associado
Advanced Dynamics of
International Business Strategy
In the era of hyper-globalization, international busi
ness strategy has evolved into a highly sophisticated
discipline characterized by the orchestration of cross
border value creation under conditions of uncertainty
and institutional divergence. Multinational enterprises
(MNEs) must navigate complex configurations of
global value chains (GVCs), optimizing location-spe
cific advantages while mitigating transaction costs, as
articulated in Transaction Cost Economics.
A central theoretical lens in this domain is the Eclectic
Paradigm, which posits that firms engage in foreign
direct investment (FDI) when three conditions are
satisfied: ownership-specific advantages (O), location
specific advantages (L), and internalization incentives
(I). These determinants collectively inform entry mode
decisions, ranging from wholly owned subsidiaries to
joint ventures and strategic alliances.
Institutional theory further underscores the impor
tance of isomorphic pressures—coercive, mimetic, and
normative—that shape organizational behavior across
different jurisdictions. Firms operating in emerging
economies often encounter institutional voids, charac
terized by the absence or underdevelopment of inter
mediaries such as capital markets, legal enforcement
mechanisms, and regulatory agencies. In such contexts,
firms may adopt non-market strategies, including polit
ical lobbying and network-based relational contracting,
to compensate for institutional deficiencies.
From an operational perspective, supply chain resil
ience has become a critical strategic priority.
Concepts such as just-in-time (JIT) inventory manage
ment are increasingly being reevaluated in favor of
just-in-case (JIC) models, particularly in light of disrup
tions stemming from events like the COVID-19 pan
demic. Firms now emphasize redundancy, nearshoring,
and diversification of suppliers to enhance robustness
against exogenous shocks.
Financially, exchange rate volatility and cross-border
capital flows introduce significant risks. Firms employ
sophisticated hedging instruments, such as forward
contracts, options, and swaps, to manage foreign
exchange exposure. Additionally, transfer-pricing
mechanisms are utilized not only for internal cost
allocation but also as tools for tax optimization, often
scrutinized by regulatory authorities for compliance
with the arm’s length principle.
Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies—including
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of
Things (IoT)—are transforming international operations.
These technologies facilitate real-time data analytics,
enhance transparency in supply chains, and enable
predictive decision-making. However, they also neces
sitate compliance with divergent data localization laws
and cybersecurity regulations across jurisdictions.
Sustainability and ESG integration are increasingly
embedded in corporate strategy through frameworks
such as carbon accounting, circular economy models,
and impact investing. Firms are now expected to align
with global standards like the United Nations Global
Compact, ensuring adherence to principles related to
human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
Ultimately, competitive advantage ......................... international business is contingent ........................... a firm’s ability to integrate strategic, operational, financial, and technological capabilities while remaining adaptive ................... an evolving global ecosystem marked ....................... volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity
(VUCA).
What can be inferred about the role of managers
in multinational enterprises (MNEs)?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FEPESE
Órgão:
InvestSC
Provas:
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Administrativo
|
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Contábil |
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente de Negócios - Analista de Negócios |
Q4037553
Inglês
Texto associado
Advanced Dynamics of
International Business Strategy
In the era of hyper-globalization, international busi
ness strategy has evolved into a highly sophisticated
discipline characterized by the orchestration of cross
border value creation under conditions of uncertainty
and institutional divergence. Multinational enterprises
(MNEs) must navigate complex configurations of
global value chains (GVCs), optimizing location-spe
cific advantages while mitigating transaction costs, as
articulated in Transaction Cost Economics.
A central theoretical lens in this domain is the Eclectic
Paradigm, which posits that firms engage in foreign
direct investment (FDI) when three conditions are
satisfied: ownership-specific advantages (O), location
specific advantages (L), and internalization incentives
(I). These determinants collectively inform entry mode
decisions, ranging from wholly owned subsidiaries to
joint ventures and strategic alliances.
Institutional theory further underscores the impor
tance of isomorphic pressures—coercive, mimetic, and
normative—that shape organizational behavior across
different jurisdictions. Firms operating in emerging
economies often encounter institutional voids, charac
terized by the absence or underdevelopment of inter
mediaries such as capital markets, legal enforcement
mechanisms, and regulatory agencies. In such contexts,
firms may adopt non-market strategies, including polit
ical lobbying and network-based relational contracting,
to compensate for institutional deficiencies.
From an operational perspective, supply chain resil
ience has become a critical strategic priority.
Concepts such as just-in-time (JIT) inventory manage
ment are increasingly being reevaluated in favor of
just-in-case (JIC) models, particularly in light of disrup
tions stemming from events like the COVID-19 pan
demic. Firms now emphasize redundancy, nearshoring,
and diversification of suppliers to enhance robustness
against exogenous shocks.
Financially, exchange rate volatility and cross-border
capital flows introduce significant risks. Firms employ
sophisticated hedging instruments, such as forward
contracts, options, and swaps, to manage foreign
exchange exposure. Additionally, transfer-pricing
mechanisms are utilized not only for internal cost
allocation but also as tools for tax optimization, often
scrutinized by regulatory authorities for compliance
with the arm’s length principle.
Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies—including
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of
Things (IoT)—are transforming international operations.
These technologies facilitate real-time data analytics,
enhance transparency in supply chains, and enable
predictive decision-making. However, they also neces
sitate compliance with divergent data localization laws
and cybersecurity regulations across jurisdictions.
Sustainability and ESG integration are increasingly
embedded in corporate strategy through frameworks
such as carbon accounting, circular economy models,
and impact investing. Firms are now expected to align
with global standards like the United Nations Global
Compact, ensuring adherence to principles related to
human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
Ultimately, competitive advantage ......................... international business is contingent ........................... a firm’s ability to integrate strategic, operational, financial, and technological capabilities while remaining adaptive ................... an evolving global ecosystem marked ....................... volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity
(VUCA).
Analyze the following case:
A leading agro-industrial firm based in Santa Cata rina—specializing in poultry and pork exports—is fac ing increasing pressure in global markets. Historically, the company has benefited from Brazil’s disease-free livestock status and strong compliance with World Organization for Animal Health standards, enabling access to premium markets in Asia and Europe.
However, recent developments have disrupted its competitive position:
- A major importing country has introduced stricter ESG and carbon-traceability requirements.
- Exchange rate volatility in Brazil has increased f inancial uncertainty.
- Logistics bottlenecks at Port of Itajaí have delayed shipments.
- Competitors from other countries are offering lower-cost alternatives.
Based on the scenario, which strategic response would be most appropriate for the firm at this stage?
A leading agro-industrial firm based in Santa Cata rina—specializing in poultry and pork exports—is fac ing increasing pressure in global markets. Historically, the company has benefited from Brazil’s disease-free livestock status and strong compliance with World Organization for Animal Health standards, enabling access to premium markets in Asia and Europe.
However, recent developments have disrupted its competitive position:
- A major importing country has introduced stricter ESG and carbon-traceability requirements.
- Exchange rate volatility in Brazil has increased f inancial uncertainty.
- Logistics bottlenecks at Port of Itajaí have delayed shipments.
- Competitors from other countries are offering lower-cost alternatives.
Based on the scenario, which strategic response would be most appropriate for the firm at this stage?
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FEPESE
Órgão:
InvestSC
Provas:
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Administrativo
|
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Contábil |
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente de Negócios - Analista de Negócios |
Q4037551
Inglês
Texto associado
Advanced Dynamics of
International Business Strategy
In the era of hyper-globalization, international busi
ness strategy has evolved into a highly sophisticated
discipline characterized by the orchestration of cross
border value creation under conditions of uncertainty
and institutional divergence. Multinational enterprises
(MNEs) must navigate complex configurations of
global value chains (GVCs), optimizing location-spe
cific advantages while mitigating transaction costs, as
articulated in Transaction Cost Economics.
A central theoretical lens in this domain is the Eclectic
Paradigm, which posits that firms engage in foreign
direct investment (FDI) when three conditions are
satisfied: ownership-specific advantages (O), location
specific advantages (L), and internalization incentives
(I). These determinants collectively inform entry mode
decisions, ranging from wholly owned subsidiaries to
joint ventures and strategic alliances.
Institutional theory further underscores the impor
tance of isomorphic pressures—coercive, mimetic, and
normative—that shape organizational behavior across
different jurisdictions. Firms operating in emerging
economies often encounter institutional voids, charac
terized by the absence or underdevelopment of inter
mediaries such as capital markets, legal enforcement
mechanisms, and regulatory agencies. In such contexts,
firms may adopt non-market strategies, including polit
ical lobbying and network-based relational contracting,
to compensate for institutional deficiencies.
From an operational perspective, supply chain resil
ience has become a critical strategic priority.
Concepts such as just-in-time (JIT) inventory manage
ment are increasingly being reevaluated in favor of
just-in-case (JIC) models, particularly in light of disrup
tions stemming from events like the COVID-19 pan
demic. Firms now emphasize redundancy, nearshoring,
and diversification of suppliers to enhance robustness
against exogenous shocks.
Financially, exchange rate volatility and cross-border
capital flows introduce significant risks. Firms employ
sophisticated hedging instruments, such as forward
contracts, options, and swaps, to manage foreign
exchange exposure. Additionally, transfer-pricing
mechanisms are utilized not only for internal cost
allocation but also as tools for tax optimization, often
scrutinized by regulatory authorities for compliance
with the arm’s length principle.
Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies—including
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of
Things (IoT)—are transforming international operations.
These technologies facilitate real-time data analytics,
enhance transparency in supply chains, and enable
predictive decision-making. However, they also neces
sitate compliance with divergent data localization laws
and cybersecurity regulations across jurisdictions.
Sustainability and ESG integration are increasingly
embedded in corporate strategy through frameworks
such as carbon accounting, circular economy models,
and impact investing. Firms are now expected to align
with global standards like the United Nations Global
Compact, ensuring adherence to principles related to
human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
Ultimately, competitive advantage ......................... international business is contingent ........................... a firm’s ability to integrate strategic, operational, financial, and technological capabilities while remaining adaptive ................... an evolving global ecosystem marked ....................... volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity
(VUCA).
Analyze the following statements according to
the text.
1. Isomorphic pressures are pressures to conform to institutional norms.
2. Transfer-pricing is used for cost allocation and tax optimization within multinational firms.
3. The technology most associated with decen tralized and transparent record-keeping is Artificial Intelligence.
4. The shift from JIT to JIC inventory models reflects a focus on risk mitigation and resilience.
5. ESG frameworks primarily address exchange rate policies.
Select the alternative that indicates all the correct statements.
1. Isomorphic pressures are pressures to conform to institutional norms.
2. Transfer-pricing is used for cost allocation and tax optimization within multinational firms.
3. The technology most associated with decen tralized and transparent record-keeping is Artificial Intelligence.
4. The shift from JIT to JIC inventory models reflects a focus on risk mitigation and resilience.
5. ESG frameworks primarily address exchange rate policies.
Select the alternative that indicates all the correct statements.
Ano: 2026
Banca:
FEPESE
Órgão:
InvestSC
Provas:
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Administrativo
|
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente Administrativo - Analista Contábil |
FEPESE - 2026 - InvestSC - Agente de Negócios - Analista de Negócios |
Q4037550
Inglês
Texto associado
Advanced Dynamics of
International Business Strategy
In the era of hyper-globalization, international busi
ness strategy has evolved into a highly sophisticated
discipline characterized by the orchestration of cross
border value creation under conditions of uncertainty
and institutional divergence. Multinational enterprises
(MNEs) must navigate complex configurations of
global value chains (GVCs), optimizing location-spe
cific advantages while mitigating transaction costs, as
articulated in Transaction Cost Economics.
A central theoretical lens in this domain is the Eclectic
Paradigm, which posits that firms engage in foreign
direct investment (FDI) when three conditions are
satisfied: ownership-specific advantages (O), location
specific advantages (L), and internalization incentives
(I). These determinants collectively inform entry mode
decisions, ranging from wholly owned subsidiaries to
joint ventures and strategic alliances.
Institutional theory further underscores the impor
tance of isomorphic pressures—coercive, mimetic, and
normative—that shape organizational behavior across
different jurisdictions. Firms operating in emerging
economies often encounter institutional voids, charac
terized by the absence or underdevelopment of inter
mediaries such as capital markets, legal enforcement
mechanisms, and regulatory agencies. In such contexts,
firms may adopt non-market strategies, including polit
ical lobbying and network-based relational contracting,
to compensate for institutional deficiencies.
From an operational perspective, supply chain resil
ience has become a critical strategic priority.
Concepts such as just-in-time (JIT) inventory manage
ment are increasingly being reevaluated in favor of
just-in-case (JIC) models, particularly in light of disrup
tions stemming from events like the COVID-19 pan
demic. Firms now emphasize redundancy, nearshoring,
and diversification of suppliers to enhance robustness
against exogenous shocks.
Financially, exchange rate volatility and cross-border
capital flows introduce significant risks. Firms employ
sophisticated hedging instruments, such as forward
contracts, options, and swaps, to manage foreign
exchange exposure. Additionally, transfer-pricing
mechanisms are utilized not only for internal cost
allocation but also as tools for tax optimization, often
scrutinized by regulatory authorities for compliance
with the arm’s length principle.
Digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies—including
artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of
Things (IoT)—are transforming international operations.
These technologies facilitate real-time data analytics,
enhance transparency in supply chains, and enable
predictive decision-making. However, they also neces
sitate compliance with divergent data localization laws
and cybersecurity regulations across jurisdictions.
Sustainability and ESG integration are increasingly
embedded in corporate strategy through frameworks
such as carbon accounting, circular economy models,
and impact investing. Firms are now expected to align
with global standards like the United Nations Global
Compact, ensuring adherence to principles related to
human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.
Ultimately, competitive advantage ......................... international business is contingent ........................... a firm’s ability to integrate strategic, operational, financial, and technological capabilities while remaining adaptive ................... an evolving global ecosystem marked ....................... volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity
(VUCA).
Study the sentences below and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to the text.
(_) According to the Eclectic Paradigm, one of the OLI components is location-specific.
(_) The concept of transaction costs primarily refers to costs associated with negotiating and enforcing contracts.
(_) Institutional voids are best described as absence of efficient market-supporting institutions.
(_) The strategy most associated with managing supply chain disruptions is downsizing.
(_) The primary purpose of hedging in interna tional finance is to enhance brand value.
Select the alternative that presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037210
Inglês
Read the passage from A Portrait of the Artist as a
Young Man (1916, p. 296):
"The past is consumed in the present and the present is living only because it brings forth the future."
This statement reflects a central feature of Modernist narrative technique by illustrating:
"The past is consumed in the present and the present is living only because it brings forth the future."
This statement reflects a central feature of Modernist narrative technique by illustrating:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037209
Inglês
In Hard Times (1854), Charles Dickens contrasts two
educational philosophies through the characters of Mr. Gradgrind and Sissy Jupe. This contrast primarily serves
to:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037207
Inglês
Read the excerpt from William Wordsworth's Preface to
Lyrical Ballads (1802, p.148):
"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind."
Based on this statement, Wordsworth's conception of poetry emphasizes:
"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind."
Based on this statement, Wordsworth's conception of poetry emphasizes:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037206
Inglês
In Seamus Heaney's Digging (1966, p.1-2), the poet
writes:
"Between my finger and my thumb
The squat pen rests.
I'll dig with it."
The metaphor of "digging" in this poem primarily conveys:
"Between my finger and my thumb
The squat pen rests.
I'll dig with it."
The metaphor of "digging" in this poem primarily conveys:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037203
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the following passage:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."
The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."
The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037202
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Regarding the text, judge the statements below.
I. The author employs a multidisciplinary analytical approach to waste archaeology, examining quantitative ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration levels, and the spatial distribution of artifacts such as storage jars and grinding stones to identify functional areas within the ancient city, thereby transforming seemingly chaotic refuse deposits into structured maps of daily activities including food preparation, craft production, and storage practices.
II. The text demonstrates that exotic imported materials such as carnelian and lapis lazuli found within Troy's refuse layers serve exclusively as indicators of aesthetic preferences and artistic tastes of Bronze Age inhabitants, having no significant implications for understanding trade networks, economic development, or the city's integration into broader regional exchange systems during its transformation from agrarian settlement to regional centre.
III. The archaeological evidence presented suggests that Troy's mid-second millennium BC revival, characterized by refined ceramics, luxury imports, and increased social complexity, represents the same settlement phase that Homer later immortalized in the Iliad, where Greek warriors confronted massive accumulated debris mounds while attempting to reach the palaces during the legendary Trojan War.
The following statement(s) is/are CORRECT:
I. The author employs a multidisciplinary analytical approach to waste archaeology, examining quantitative ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration levels, and the spatial distribution of artifacts such as storage jars and grinding stones to identify functional areas within the ancient city, thereby transforming seemingly chaotic refuse deposits into structured maps of daily activities including food preparation, craft production, and storage practices.
II. The text demonstrates that exotic imported materials such as carnelian and lapis lazuli found within Troy's refuse layers serve exclusively as indicators of aesthetic preferences and artistic tastes of Bronze Age inhabitants, having no significant implications for understanding trade networks, economic development, or the city's integration into broader regional exchange systems during its transformation from agrarian settlement to regional centre.
III. The archaeological evidence presented suggests that Troy's mid-second millennium BC revival, characterized by refined ceramics, luxury imports, and increased social complexity, represents the same settlement phase that Homer later immortalized in the Iliad, where Greek warriors confronted massive accumulated debris mounds while attempting to reach the palaces during the legendary Trojan War.
The following statement(s) is/are CORRECT:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037200
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the excerpt from the text:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
"Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity."
In this context, the word "unfiltered" most nearly means:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037199
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Judge the sentences below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)
regarding the interpretation and comprehension of the
text "We can learn a lot from Troy's trash."
(__) The text argues that waste management in Bronze Age Troy was chaotic and disorganized, reflecting the inhabitants' lack of concern for hygiene and sanitation, which contrasts sharply with modern systematic waste disposal practices that emerged only in contemporary urban civilizations.
(__) According to the author's archaeological analysis, the 15 meters of accumulated debris and nine major building phases visible at Troy reveal deliberate spatial organization of waste disposal, where the location and composition of refuse deposits provide insights into social status, community boundaries, and the evolution of economic activities over nearly 2,000 years.
(__) The text suggests that Troy experienced continuous linear growth throughout the Bronze Age, with no periods of decline or economic contraction, as evidenced by increasingly elaborate architecture, expanding trade networks, and progressively sophisticated waste management systems maintained consistently across all archaeological layers.
The CORRECT sequence is:
(__) The text argues that waste management in Bronze Age Troy was chaotic and disorganized, reflecting the inhabitants' lack of concern for hygiene and sanitation, which contrasts sharply with modern systematic waste disposal practices that emerged only in contemporary urban civilizations.
(__) According to the author's archaeological analysis, the 15 meters of accumulated debris and nine major building phases visible at Troy reveal deliberate spatial organization of waste disposal, where the location and composition of refuse deposits provide insights into social status, community boundaries, and the evolution of economic activities over nearly 2,000 years.
(__) The text suggests that Troy experienced continuous linear growth throughout the Bronze Age, with no periods of decline or economic contraction, as evidenced by increasingly elaborate architecture, expanding trade networks, and progressively sophisticated waste management systems maintained consistently across all archaeological layers.
The CORRECT sequence is:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037198
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Consider the following excerpt:
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove. Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives."
An English teacher preparing reading comprehension activities for intermediate Brazilian students analyzes this passage to identify vocabulary and conceptual challenges. Regarding lexical comprehension, idiomatic expressions, and the relationship between linguistic form and archaeological content, which pedagogical analysis is accurate?
"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove. Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives."
An English teacher preparing reading comprehension activities for intermediate Brazilian students analyzes this passage to identify vocabulary and conceptual challenges. Regarding lexical comprehension, idiomatic expressions, and the relationship between linguistic form and archaeological content, which pedagogical analysis is accurate?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037193
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
We can learn a lot from Troy's trash
Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true
story is written in something far less glamorous − its
rubbish.
When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant
deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to
Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for
romance and heroism.
But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on
the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived
ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They
built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things
away. And they did it right where they lived.
Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out
of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash
stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping
grounds for generations.
Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and
analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.
Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle,
sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast
quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human
waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level
floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined
daily life and refuse management were.
This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism.
In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems,
managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a
collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic
− effort.
The excavations I have worked on as part of the
University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been
going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate
these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not
to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and
community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant
to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life
with unfiltered clarity.
Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's
treasure trove.
Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters
of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major
building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin
layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives.
These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how
the city changed over time. Some capture hearth
cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city
quarters.
By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to
pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars,
grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of
activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage
areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be
a carefully structured map of everyday routines −
showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and
discarded objects left behind.
The story these remains tell is one of profound
transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian
settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming,
herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a
thriving regional centre.
The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long
arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such
as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing
distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools
emerge alongside monumental architecture. some
buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing
ambitions and expanding capabilities.
This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander
buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people
dealt with what they left behind. Waste management
became more organised, with designated areas for
different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in
how the community structured space and managed its
economy.
Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third
millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller
appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories
shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic
slowdown or political instability.
Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC,
the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and
evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of
recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later
became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek
warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering
mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the
palaces.
These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of
walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by
daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation.
The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of
bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.
Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history.
To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets
− ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals,
from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the
pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.
Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the
bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far
less about early Troy's people. Their depth and
composition trace changes in economy, technology, and
social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards,
waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban
complexity.
So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates,
remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their
city smelled very human.
https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613
Read the excerpt below:
"Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage."
An English teacher analyzing this metaphorical statement with advanced students examines how the author employs contemporary digital-age imagery to explain archaeological methodology. When discussing the rhetorical effectiveness of comparing ancient waste deposits to modern "search history" and the implicit critique of literary sources versus material evidence, the most accurate interpretation of the author's argumentative strategy is that _________________.
Fill in the blank above and select the correct alternative.
"Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage."
An English teacher analyzing this metaphorical statement with advanced students examines how the author employs contemporary digital-age imagery to explain archaeological methodology. When discussing the rhetorical effectiveness of comparing ancient waste deposits to modern "search history" and the implicit critique of literary sources versus material evidence, the most accurate interpretation of the author's argumentative strategy is that _________________.
Fill in the blank above and select the correct alternative.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037192
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
An English teacher implementing Content and Language
Integrated Learning (CLIL) methodology is designing a
unit on media literacy using the text "New research
unveils the 'dark side' of social media influencers" as
anchor material. The lesson objectives include
developing critical reading skills, expanding academic
vocabulary related to marketing and psychology, and
fostering critical thinking about digital culture. Aligning
with Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)
competências gerais emphasizing critical digital literacy
and the disciplina Língua Inglesa's focus on expanding
students' critical repertoires regarding English-language
cultural products and practices, the teacher plans to
scaffold student engagement with this complex authentic text. Considering second language reading theory,
particularly Krashen's Input Hypothesis requiring
comprehensible input (i+1), schema theory's emphasis
on activating background knowledge, and BNCC's vision
of English education as tool for critical citizenship, which
instructional sequence demonstrates the most
theoretically sound and pedagogically effective
approach?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037191
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
The article highlights that social media influencers have
transformed marketing and consumer culture but also
differ from traditional celebrities in how they build
influence. Based on the text, how do influencers primarily
shape consumer behaviour compared to traditional
celebrities?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037189
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
The article adopts a hybrid discourse that combines
scientific precision with media accessibility. By alternating
expert quotations, institutional references, and evaluative
statements, it constructs a particular tone of authority.
Which rhetorical mechanism best explains how this
hybrid style reinforces the persuasive power of the text?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Luiz Alves - SC - Professor de Língua Inglesa - Edital nº 15 |
Q4037187
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
New research unveils the "dark side" of social media
influencers and their impact on marketing and
consumer behaviour
Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological,
health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a
new study finds.
SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer
behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms.
However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of
influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological,
and regulatory concerns.
A recent study by the University of Portsmouth
systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs,
highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement
of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the
fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive
consumption, and privacy risks.
With influencer marketing projected to reach an
estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly
rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer
trust.
A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60
per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations,
with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being
influenced by these endorsements. However, as
influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its
unintended consequences.
Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their
respective areas, frequently reviewing products and
leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with
followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire
and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception
and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to
be carefully regulated.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth
The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing,
warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer
landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is
typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting,
music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and
consistent engagement with their audiences.
Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the
University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as
opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas,
frequently reviewing products and leveraging their
authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to
influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and
entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and
damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be
carefully regulated."
This study organises the negative aspects of influencer
marketing into six key themes:
1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse
unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox
teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing
consumption habits, particularly among younger
audiences.
2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers,
despite lacking expertise, spread false information about
health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread
disinformation.
3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by
presenting filtered and curated images, influencers
contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and
harmful beauty practices.
4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven
content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to
negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.
5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers
engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed
sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and
misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.
6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and
sharing by influencers raise significant security and
regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and
followers.
Social media influencers hold immense power over
consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they
provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand
engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can
lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences.
Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and
industry stakeholders to address these challenges
proactively.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth
The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased
transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate
these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies
for policymakers and marketeers:
•Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must
enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible
influencer partnerships.
• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to
prevent deceptive practices and misinformation.
• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers
must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being
rather than unattainable ideals.
• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and
awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from
privacy breaches and data exploitation.
Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of
Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of
Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold
immense power over consumer decisions and cultural
norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and
brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some
SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological
consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both
academic and industry stakeholders to address these
challenges proactively."
This research offers a critical framework for analysing
influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits,
emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and
a healthier digital ecosystem.
https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv
eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark
eting-and-consumer-behaviour
Read the excerpt below:
"Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences."
An English teacher preparing advanced reading comprehension activities for upper-intermediate students identifies this sentence as exemplifying complex syntactic structures that warrant explicit instruction. When analyzing the sentence's grammatical architecture, discourse function, and pedagogical implications for teaching academic English reading skills, particularly focusing on contrastive constructions and non-restrictive relative clauses embedded within comparative frameworks, the teacher should recognize that:
"Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences."
An English teacher preparing advanced reading comprehension activities for upper-intermediate students identifies this sentence as exemplifying complex syntactic structures that warrant explicit instruction. When analyzing the sentence's grammatical architecture, discourse function, and pedagogical implications for teaching academic English reading skills, particularly focusing on contrastive constructions and non-restrictive relative clauses embedded within comparative frameworks, the teacher should recognize that:
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Itajaí - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Itajaí - SC - Professor Inglês - Ensino Fundamental / Educação Infantil/ Educação Integral/ EJA |
Q4035340
Inglês
Reading, from a contemporary perspective, is not a
passive decoding activity. What is the role of the reader
in the construction of the text?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
UNIVALI
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Itajaí - SC
Prova:
UNIVALI - 2025 - Prefeitura de Itajaí - SC - Professor Inglês - Ensino Fundamental / Educação Infantil/ Educação Integral/ EJA |
Q4035338
Inglês
Read the following sentence: "Although it was raining
heavily, they decided to go for a walk." What is the
correct interpretation of the relationship between the two
clauses?
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