Read the text to answer.

Action on Smoking and Health’s (ASH)

Accomplishments

• 2019 Bucharest Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free Europe, coming out of discussion at our Global Forum that continued at the European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention’s Conference the following days. • 2019 Global Forum on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free World, co-hosted by the Romanian Presidency, Romania 2035 Tobacco-Free Generation Initiative, and theEuropean Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention with high level speakers such as the European Commissioner on Health and Food Safety and Princess Dina Mired of Jordan. • 2019 launch of ASH’s Tobacco and Human Rights Hub, a living repository of human rights resources to assist our allies in taking a human rights approach. • 2018 Cape Town Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-Free World, adopted by the World Conference on Tobacco or Health (WCTOH) and over 100 organizations worldwide, which states, “the manufacture, marketing, and sale of tobacco are incompatible with the human right to health”. • A successful campaign with the Danish Institute of Human Rights’ s which resulted in DIHR denouncing tobacco as antithetical to the work of a human rights organization. This campaign also resulted in a sign on letter from 123 organizations in 40+ countries to immediately cease all marketing and production of cigarettes to adhere to human rights norms.  • A presentation before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, along with two of our partner organizations. This was the first time the Commission considered tobacco as a human rights issue and was an important victory. • An article in the American Bar Association’s International Law Newsentitled Tobacco Industry Marketing: A Violation of Human Rights in Latin America. The article was chosen by another ABA Publication, GP Solo Magazine, to be included in a “Best of the ABA” feature issue.
(Available in: https://ash.org/human-rights. Adapted.)
The text’s composition charcteristics and discourse resources cater to: 

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The Unicorn in the Garden

(James Thurber.)

Once upon a sunny morning a man who sat in a breakfast nook looked up from his scrambled eggs to see a white unicorn with a golden horn quietly cropping the roses in the garden. The man went up to the bedroom where his wife was still asleep and woke her. “There's a unicorn in the garden,” he said. “Eating roses.” She opened one unfriendly eye and looked at him. “The unicorn is a mythical beast,” she said, and turned her back on him. The man walked slowly downstairs and out into the garden. The unicorn was still there; he was now browsing among the tulips. “Here, unicorn,” said the man and pulled up a lily and gave it to him. The unicorn ate it gravely. With a high heart, because there was a unicorn in his garden, the man went upstairs and roused his wife a gain. “The unicorn,” he said, “ate a lily.” His wife sat up in bed and looked at him, coldly. “You are a booby,” she said, “and I am going to have you put in a booby-hatch.” The man, who never liked the words “booby” and “booby-hatch,” and who liked them even less on a shining morning when there was a unicorn in the garden, thought for a moment. “We'll see about that,” he said. He walked over to the door. “He has a golden horn in the middle of his forehead,” he told her. Then he went back to the garden to watch the unicorn; but the unicorn had gone away. The man sat among the roses and went to sleep. And as soon as the husband had gone out of the house, the wife got up and dressed as fast as she could. She was very excited and there was a gloat in her eye. She telephoned the police and she telephoned the psychiatrist; she told them to hurry to her house and bring a straitjacket. When the police and the psychiatrist arrived they sat down in chairs and looked at her, with great interest. “My husband,” she said, “saw a unicorn this morning.” The police looked at the psychiatrist and the psychiatrist looked at the police. “He told me it ate a lily,” she said. The psychiatrist looked at the police and the police looked at the psychiatrist. “He told me it had a golden horn in the middle of its forehead,” she said. At a solemn signal from the psychiatrist, the police leaped from their chairs and seized the wife. They had a hard time subduing her, for she put up a terrific struggle, but they finally subdued her. Just as they got her into the straitjacket, the husband came back into the house. “Did you tell your wife you saw a unicorn?” asked the police. “Of course not,” said the husband. “The unicorn is a mythical beast.” “That's all I wanted to know,” said the psychiatrist. “Take her away. I'm sorry, sir, but your wife is as crazy as a jay bird.” So they took her away, cursing and screaming, and shut her up in an institution. The husband lived happily ever after.

Moral: Don't count your boobies until they are hatched.

(Available in: http://english.glendale.cc.ca.us.)

The text above is a modern humorous short story which is meant to establish links with traditional fables, thus revitilizing the writing and reading of fiction. Point out the distracter that suits the moral of the story.

Read the text to answer.

Can a focus on playful learning be integrated in the

enabling environment?

     “Enabling environment” refers to the broad set of interrelated national political, social and financial conditions that can either promote or hinder the successful functioning of the preprimary sub-sector. A supportive enabling environment is conducive to recognizing the importance of learning through play, and it can further strengthen this emphasis by fostering coordination with other sectors such as health, nutrition and social protection, which together can create a unified voice for play in children’s lives. The elements of the enabling environment, and how they can foster play-based learning, are:

     1. Policies and legislation: Policies specific to the preprimary sub-sector are important because they can clearly affirm children’s right to play and can state that playbased learning is a distinctive and essential feature of effective early learning. Policies and directives can reflect a childcentred approach to learning and teaching; such policies create an expectation that playful learning will be taken seriously and implemented across levels of the sub-sector.

      2. Public Demand: Support for pre-primary services among parents and caregivers is key and it should be informed by strong awareness of what quality means in pre-primary education. Awareness-raising should focus on young children’s unique learning needs, e.g., the need to make meaning through playful investigations supported by knowledgeable teachers. A key aspect of fostering public support and demand for learning through play is to ensure that parents recognize their role in providing meaningful play experiences in the home environment, and to empower them to do so. Garnering public support and demand for learning through play will enhance the pre-primary system’s commitment to and recognition of the benefits of play.

(Available in: https://www.unicef.org.)

Mark the item that is in agreement with text content.

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Linguisitc prejudice is endemic in public life, widely tolerated, and institutionalized in social enterprises that affect almost everyone, such as education and the media. There is limited knowledge about and little regard forlinguistic study showing that all varieties of a language display systematicity and that the elevated social position of standard varieties has no scientific linguistic basis.

(Available in: https://www.thoughtco.com. Adapted.)

The coloniality framework, which is present in several levels of personal and social life, is still reproduced even in the absence of colonial management, echoing in classrooms, in a very steady way in English classes. It is NOT a biased manifestation that might contaminate English teaching/learning to favor: 

Group 1

• Think – Bath – Thigh – Thorn – Length – Aesthetic – Cloth – Thousand – Thumb

Group 2

• Those – Then – With – Although – This – Within – Therefore – They – Mother

The sound represented by the TH in Group 1 and the sound represented by the TH in Group 2 differ due to:

Analyse the image to answer.

(Available in: https://funnytimes.com.)

The instructions above the market cashier say, “10 items or less, exact change, no small talk, just bag your groceries and get the hell out”. Mark the item that matches text and image analysis. 

Read the texts to answer.

Text 1

High-income countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have higher food spending in absolute terms, but the share of household consumption expenditures devoted to athome food is low– less than 10 percent. In Kenya and other low- -income countries, at-home food’s share of consumption expenditures can exceed 50 percent. Per capita calorie availability follows the reverse path. According to the most recent available data, U.S. per capita calorie availability was among the highest at 3,682 calories per day, while Kenya’s was estimated at only 2,206 calories.

Text 2

For a typical dollar spent in 2020 by U.S. consumers on domestically produced food, including both grocery store and eating-out purchases, 27.9 cents went to foodservice establishments such as restaurants and other eating-out places. The foodservice share of the food dollar decreased after 9 years of gains as households shifted to food-at-home consumption during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. For the remainder of the food dollar, transportation (4.1 cents) and wholesale trade (11.9 cents) rose to their highest shares reported in the series, which provides statistics back to 1993.

(Economic Research Service U.S. – Department of Agriculture.

https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products.)

In both of the texts the common theme is:

Read the text to answer.

A: So, I’ve decided I’m going to go to the bank and ask for a car loan.

B: That sounds like a good idea.

C: Well, you need a car.

B: Right.

A: Anyway, I was wondering if either of you would teach me how to drive.

B: Look, I’m very busy during the week, I'm trying to catch up with my deadline.

C: I’m in the same boat, but there must be a way...

A: What about the weekend? Say, Saturday morning? You both could take turns.

B: Fine with me!

C: Count me in! 

The words reproducing pause, hesitation, redundancy, etc which might or might not be present in abbreviated form in the dialogue are:

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There was a woman by the door. The woman was carrying a huge duffel bag. I had never seen her around, although she looked somehow familiar. The poor lady was obviously weary. I was not sure whether or not I’d address the stranger as she stared at me.

While highlighting the underlined words and conducting its due analysis, it is consistent to assert that, in the text, they illustrate the use of different.

The existing relation between verbal and visual-verbal languages contributes to build discourse genre comprehension, and improve perception about many relevant communicative aspects. Observe the advertisements to answer.

In order to produce meaning out of the advertisements, one should activate relations of:

Following the assessment guidelines for the teaching and learning of the English language, according to the Paranaense Syllabus, its initial stage should characterize the teaching/learning context by establishing student profile, his/her limitations and expectations so that planning happens in harmony with the educational reality. Mark the kind of assessment procedure which would enable the approach described. 

Figurative language serves as an excellent communication tool and is something we encounter daily that helps us convey complex descriptions or emotions quickly and effectively. Also referred to as “figures of speech”, figurative language can be utilized to persuade, engage and connect with an audience.


(Available in: https://examples.yourdictionary.com.)

Which figurative language device or “figure of speech” is found in the segment “Chocolate was her Achilles’ heel.”?

Analyse the image to answer.

(Available in: https://www.facebook.com/trafficawcamp.)

The public service announcement above deals with the necessary precautions in traffic. The communicative situation emphasizes the appealing function of the language for it is possible to verify that the campaign’s social attribution is to:

Read the text and its references to answer.

(Author: Dan Puryear – CAD Applications Engineer. https://autodesk.

blogs.com/between_the_lines/2016/09/bad-poetry-slam-winner.html.)

Slam poetry is a form of performance poetry that combines the elements of performance, writing, competition, and audience participation. It is performed at events called poetry slams, or simply slams. It is considered an artistic movement, a creative way of telling stories, as well as a genre of poetry and spoken word. Choose the item that matches the poem’s plot. 

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Delta variant and low vaccine access

creates a third wave in Africa

Covid-19 cases are surging across the African continent, with more than twenty countries now in the grip of a third wave. Experts predict this wave will surpass case numbers seen in previous peaks. The speed and scale of Africa’s third wave is like nothing seen before, says Matshidiso Moeti, the World Health Organization regional director for Africa. The Delta variant is a big part of this potentially catastrophic surge, with over a dozen countries having detected cases. In Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Delta variant is now the most common in circulation. Stopping the spread and mutation of Covid-19 relies on populations being vaccinated. But access to vaccines in Africa is far too low. According to the latest WHO figures, only 1% of the African population has been fully vaccinated, compared to 50% of the population in high income countries like the UK and USA. Covid-19 vaccines, the world’s best hope to end the pandemic, are not being distributed fairly.

(Available in: https://shareverified.com. Adapted.)
Taking into account the elements constituting a journalistic text, we may infer that the author’s objective is to:

Examine the image to answer.

(Available in: https://www.researchgate.net.)

A meme is an amusing or interesting item, such as a captioned picture or video, or genre of items that is spread widely online especially through social media. It is consistent to assert the highlighted meme contributes to overall student development because it.

Analyse the image to answer



(Available in: https://www.reddit.com.)

Linguistic knowledge strengthens by means of language practice, together with analysis, and insight about its use, always considering context in articulation with reading, writing, and speaking. Having observed verbal and non verbal data in the featured image, it is possible to state that the building of humor is based on: 

Fiesta de San Fermín
      Fiesta de San Fermín (Spanish: Festival of Saint Fermín) festival held annually in Pamplona, Spain, beginning at noon and ending at midnight, honouring the city’s first bishop and patron saint, Saint Fermín. The Fiesta de San Fermín begins on Wednesday, July 6 and ends on Thursday, July 14, 2022.        The festival was originally observed on Saint Fermín’s feast day, September 25, but in 1592 the celebration was moved to July. Pamplona’s modern fiesta starts with fireworks called chupinazo at noon on July 6, followed by the singing of the traditional song “Pamploneses, Viva San Fermín, Gora San Fermín” (“People of Pamplona, Long Live Saint Fermín”). The most acknowledged festival event is the running of the bulls, or the encierro. From July 7 to July 14 the bulls to be used in the daily bullfights are run through the streets of the town to the bullring. Both locals and tourists participate in the event, made famous in Ernest Hemingway’s 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises. The bullfight, or corrida, is held every afternoon. In addition to the secular events, the Procession of Saint Fermín, a religious celebration, takes place the morning of July 7. Other events associated with the fiesta include the comparsa, a parade featuring large puppets carried by the marchers, as well as numerous parties and spontaneous gatherings. The festival ends on July 14 with the singing of “Pobre de Mi” (“Old Poor Me”). 
(Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fiesta-de-SanFermin.)

The “Fiesta de San Fermín” is a very traditional festival in Spain consisting of several celebrations between July 6 and July 14, but the festival is famous worldwide for one specific reason. According to the text, what is the festival’s climatic moment called?