Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre aspectos linguísticos | linguistic aspects em inglês
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United Nations Environmental Programme. Dams and Development: Relevant Practices for Improved
Decision-making. Nairobi: The Secretariat of the Dams and Development Project, 2007. p. 10-1 (adapted).
Internet:<www.reddit.com> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the cartoon above, judge the following item.
The product that the company is testing on animals are
sunglasses, which could make them feel more self-confident.
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the item below.
The fragment “of the fact” (third sentence of the first
paragraph), can be deleted without affecting the meaning or
correctness of the original text.
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the item below.
We can infer from the text that even the act of eating animals
may be considered infringe animal rights.
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the item below.
The discussion about giving rights to animals has been
prevalent lately.
Consider the following sentences:
I. He caught a big bass fish in the lake.
II. He plays bass in the band.
In the given sentences, the word "bass" in I and "bass" in II are examples of:
Considering the linguistic aspects of the text, choose the incorrect alternative:
Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
Carnival
- ______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
- with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
- feasts”.
- Etymology
- The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
- originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
- immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
- _____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
- of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
- 1400.
- Carnival period
- In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
- days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
- calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
- beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
- Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
- year, though in some places it may begin already on 17th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
- the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
- there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
- Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
- In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
- neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
- Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
- Carnival in antiquity
- Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
- celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
- During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
- place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
- view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
- order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
- until the next carnival.
- In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
- was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
- the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
- was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
- the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
- there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
- - a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
- accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
- In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
- of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
- Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
- procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
- Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
- heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
- Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
- and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
- often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
- In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
- called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
- also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
- a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
- candles.
(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).
Analyze the bold verbs in the following statements about the excerpt “The word carnival comes from the Latin ‘carnem levare’ (=eliminate meat) and originally indicated the banquet that was held …” (lines 05-06) and mark T, if true, or F, if false.
( ) The past form ‘was’ followed by the past participle ‘held’ indicates a past action.
( ) The past form ‘held’ indicates a repeated action in the past.
( ) The past form ‘was’ is the auxiliary verb of this passive voice structure ‘was held’.
( ) The past participle form ‘held’ is the main verb of this passive voice structure.
The correct order of filling the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 21 a 25.
PUCKER UP I'm a dermatologist - you've been using lip balm all wrong - here's why your pout is still chapped
(1º§)YOU might be reaching for your lip balm more and more through these winter months. But are your lips still sore and chapped, no matter how much of the stuff you slather on? According to dermatology experts, the type of balm you put on your pout might be more important than the amount.
(2º§)Dr. Mona Gohara, an associate clinical professor of dermatology at the Yale School of Medicine, and Dr. Brendan Camp, a dermatologist at MDCS Dermatology in New York, told TODAY why some lip balms could do more harm than good.
(3º§)To start with, they discussed why your lips might be chapped in the first place. The cold weather can wreak havoc on them as the skin is very thin, so they're more likely to dry out, Dr Gohara said. Meanwhile, Dr Camp noted that the delicate skin of your pout can easily be irritated by ingredients in skincare or food, yeast or bacteria, and even enzymes in saliva.
(4º§)You might also not be giving them enough love: lot's of people forget about their lips when they're moisturising their face. But if your lips are dry and chapped not long after you apply your balm, you just might be using the wrong kind.
(5º§)Four things to avoid in a lip balm:
1.Tingly balms
2. Fragrances
3. Flavouring agents
4. Dyes
(6º§)Dr Camp said these might cause allergic contact dermatitis, a type of eczema triggered by contact with a particular substance. And if your lips are dry, cracked, red, scaly and itchy, you might have developed a sensitivity to an ingredient in your lip balm, he added. Moral of the story, check your lip balm ingredients.
(7º§)Since you're doing that, there are a few ingredients that will help hydrate your pout. Dr Camp said you want to look for ingredients that will help trap water in the skin while keeping it moisturized for a long period of time. "Ingredients like beeswax, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are often used for this purpose," he said.
(8º§)You should also be wearing a salve with SPF to protect your lips from the sun. Meanwhile, Dr Gohara said that your ideal balm will have a combination of humectants (like hyaluronic acid and glycerin), which draw moisture into the skin, and occlusives (such as shea butter and mineral oil), which lock moisture in.
(9º§)The NHS recommended you use one containing petroleum jelly or beeswax. It said: "Try a few different lip balms if one is not working for you - some people may be sensitive to some fragrances, dyes or cosmetic ingredients."
(10º§)As long as you're using the right type of balm, Dr Gohara said you can apply it multiple times a day. According to Dr Camp, it's best to put on lip balm once in the morning and once before bed. There are other ways of preventing dry lips too.
(11º§)Lisa Borg, skin specialist and nutritionist at the Pulse Light Clinc, said the best thing you can do is drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Preferably quality water as opposed to dehydrating coffee and fizzy drinks, she noted.
(12º§)Lisa also recommended eating foods that simulate saliva production, such as apples, cucumbers, tomatoes, courgettes, watermelon, lemons, and crunchy fibrous vegetables like carrots and celery. Meanwhile, the NHS said you should wash your hands before applying lip balm and cover your lips with a scarf when you're outside in cold weather. If you're outdoors, use a balm with SPF 15 or more every two hours, it added.
(13º§)Common causes of dry lips: cold weather, dry air or wind; damage from the sun; dehydration; a lip injury; allergies; and lack of vitamins and minerals. If you have sore or dry lips, you should avoid: picking or biting any flaky skin on your lips - this can slow down healing; licking dry or cracked lips - this can make them sore; and sharing lip balms with other people - this can spread germs.
(adapted) -wwrongg-pu--chappeed .uk/health/21661055/dermatologist-using-lip-balm-wrong-pout-chapped/
Choose the alternative that presents an example of anaphora.
In order to delve into the basics of English phonology, it is important to establish a clear understanding of what phonology is and its scope of study. Phonology is a subfield of linguistics that focuses on the systematic study of sounds within a particular language or languages. It examines the patterns, organization, and rules governing the sounds and their usage in speech.
The scope of phonology encompasses several key aspects. Firstly, it examines the inventory of sounds in a language, identifying the distinct phonemes and their distribution within words. It also investigates the rules and patterns governing the combination and sequencing of sounds, known as phonotactics. These rules determine which sounds can appear in specific positions within words or syllables (Dodd, et al, 2003).
What is the main objective of phonology?
“Imagining that you are a web journalist, your job is to create interesting and engaging news articles about various topics for your online readers. You have been tasked with writing a news article about a recent technological discovery that has the potential to change everyday life.”
In order to create an effective and enticing article for a target audience, which of the following aspects should your students prioritize in their writing?
Brazilian language policies have historically contributed to the invention of a monolingual ideology that served the purposes of the colonial project, that is, the erasure of indigenous languages and the establishment of Portuguese as the national language under the premise ‘one language-one nation-one culture’ as pre-condition for the creation of a supposedly homogenous nation-State (Duboc; Siqueira, 2020).
I. A problemática apresentada no trecho perpetua visões de identidade, cultura e língua fundamentadas em aspirações de pureza, estabilidade e uniformização das noções de língua(gem).
II. As questões trazidas pelos autores negligenciam o caráter híbrido, fluido e complexo que as língua(gens) têm na construção de sentidos.
III. O debate trazido pelos autores celebra a visão multilíngue e multicultural da(s) língua(gens).
Quais estão corretas?
• Cultures are not characterised as bounded entities within national borders, but fluid and dynamic with blurred boundaries. Furthermore, cultures are viewed as heterogeneous, containing a great deal of variety among members (Baker, 2018).
• ELF (as in English as a Lingua Franca) is by definition intercultural in nature since ELF communication is typically defined as involving speakers from different linguacultures (Baker,2015).
• ELF research demonstrates how problematic it is to posit an inexorable link between particular languages and cultures, especially at the national level in intercultural communication (Baker,2018).
Sobre a relação entre língua e cultura, é correto afirmar que:
Translanguaging is a theoretical lens that offers a different view of bilingualism and multilingualism (Vogel; Garcia; 2017).
Acerca do construto translanguaging, analise as assertivas a seguir, assinalando V, se verdadeiras, ou F, se falsas.
( ) Ao mencionar que a translanguaging oferece uma visão diferente de bilinguismo e multilinguismo, os autores se referem à ruptura da visão estanque e compartimentalizada de línguas.
( ) A translanguaging implica a concepção de um repertório linguístico único para comunicação.
( ) As visões de translanguaging e code-switching são sinônimas, não havendo, portanto, diferenças epistemológicas entre os termos.
A ordem correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é:
Text I
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