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“Since the 1990s, research and theories from cognitive psychology have become increasingly central to our understanding of second language development. Some of these theories use the computer as a metaphor for the mind, comparing language acquisition to the capacities of computers for storing, integrating, and retrieving information. Some draw on neurobiology, seeking to relate observed behaviour as directly as possible to brain activity” (LIGHTBOWN; SPADA, 2013, p.108).
The current cognitive perspectives related to second language development are: Information Processing, Usage-based learning and The competition model. Correlate these perspectives with their main propositions:
1. Information Processing
2. Usage-based learning
3. The competition model.
A. This perspective sees second language acquisition as the building up of knowledge that can eventually be called on automatically for speaking and understanding. It has suggested that learners must pay attention (use cognitive resources) at first to any aspect of the language that they are trying to learn or produce. The model also suggests that there is a limit to how much information a learner can pay attention to.
B. This perspective emphasizes the frequency with which the learners encounter specific features in the input and the frequency with which language features occur together. According to this view learners develop a stronger and stronger network of associations or connections between these features as well as between language features and the contexts in which they occur.
C. This perspective is based on the hypothesis that language acquisition occurs without the necessity of a learner's focused attention or the need for any innate brain module that is specifically for language; it can be described as an explanation for language acquisition that takes into account not only language form but also language meaning and language use.
Choose the alternative which CORRECTLY correlates these perspectives with their main propositions:
Focalizar os gêneros textuais e discursivos no ensino de línguas é
Choose the correct alternative to fill out the dialogues from 30 to 33.
Alberto: I wonder if she’d like some coffee.
João: …....
Choose the correct alternative to fill out the dialogues from 30 to 33.
Pedro: London is not only the capital of England, it is also the capital of the United Kingdom.
Tony: …....
Choose the correct alternative to fill out the dialogues from 30 to 33.
João: My boss was offensive to me. I want to get my own back.
Maria: …….
Despite the extraordinary changes of the last few years, one thing appears to remain the same. More people than ever want to learn English. The projections given in this book confirm that English learners are increasing in number and decreasing in age. As a news headline it is not much of a story. We’ve become used to the idea of English growing in popularity across the world. Far from being news, it has become one of the few enduring facts of global modern life – a trend which began in the late 19th century when English was heralded, from Europe to Japan, as the new rising world language.
But at what point do we pause, take a fresh look at what is happening and decide that what is going on now is not just ‘more of the same’. After scrutinising current trends, including those which have not yet reached the statistical yearbooks, I conclude that there has been a significant – even dramatic – qualitative change: one that may be taking the language in a very new direction.
(From Graddol, D., 2006, INTRODUCTION, ENGLISH NEXT, pages 10-11 http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/booksenglish-next.pdf)
In the text above After scrutinising current trends, including those which have not yet reached the statistical yearbooks, ‘those’ refers to
Despite the extraordinary changes of the last few years, one thing appears to remain the same. More people than ever want to learn English. The projections given in this book confirm that English learners are increasing in number and decreasing in age. As a news headline it is not much of a story. We’ve become used to the idea of English growing in popularity across the world. Far from being news, it has become one of the few enduring facts of global modern life – a trend which began in the late 19th century when English was heralded, from Europe to Japan, as the new rising world language.
But at what point do we pause, take a fresh look at what is happening and decide that what is going on now is not just ‘more of the same’. After scrutinising current trends, including those which have not yet reached the statistical yearbooks, I conclude that there has been a significant – even dramatic – qualitative change: one that may be taking the language in a very new direction.
(From Graddol, D., 2006, INTRODUCTION, ENGLISH NEXT, pages 10-11 http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/booksenglish-next.pdf)
‘Despite’ in the sentence Despite the extraordinary changes of the last few years, one thing appears to remain the same (Line 1) shows
Despite the extraordinary changes of the last few years, one thing appears to remain the same. More people than ever want to learn English. The projections given in this book confirm that English learners are increasing in number and decreasing in age. As a news headline it is not much of a story. We’ve become used to the idea of English growing in popularity across the world. Far from being news, it has become one of the few enduring facts of global modern life – a trend which began in the late 19th century when English was heralded, from Europe to Japan, as the new rising world language.
But at what point do we pause, take a fresh look at what is happening and decide that what is going on now is not just ‘more of the same’. After scrutinising current trends, including those which have not yet reached the statistical yearbooks, I conclude that there has been a significant – even dramatic – qualitative change: one that may be taking the language in a very new direction.
(From Graddol, D., 2006, INTRODUCTION, ENGLISH NEXT, pages 10-11 http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/booksenglish-next.pdf)
The term ‘more of the same’ in the context of the text above refers to
I've been looking all their hidden files, but I can't find them anywhere.
A lacuna X é corretamente preenchida por
http://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/feb/10/weatherwatch-ravilious-global-warming-limit-climate-change-uneven- arctic-europe-us
I told my husband that I was sure about
Read the sentences below and mark the correct alternative.
I. I was given a nice bouquet of flowers.
II. It is said that Brazil has a lot of problems.
III. That road has being built by the soldiers.
IV. That letter must be read by all the students.
Das frases acima, está(ão) gramaticalmente correta(s)
Read the comic strip below and answer questions 30 and 31.
Mark the correct alternative.
Read the sentences below and mark the correct alternative.
I. If I were sick, I’d go to a doctor.
II. If it doesn’t rain, we will stay at home.
III. He would have gone to the beach if he had had enough money.
IV. Unless she arrives on time, she won’t participate in the meeting.
The correct sentences are:
When I bought a motorcycle from you a few weeks ago, you said that your shop could replace
anything broken.
-Oh, yes! May I help you?
- Yes, please. I want a leg, a arm, new eyes and a tooth.
Select the correct item:
A recent study, performed with children aged 2 months to 10 years, produced clinicai evidence delineating the stages a child goes through in developing a self-image. It involved exposing the child to his reflection in both a true mirror and then one that was convexly distorted. Children from 9 to 10 months old were highly responsive to both the true and the distorted mirror images. Their excitement, attention, and activity seemed to be unaffected by the distortion, indicating they had no self-image. Slightly older children, aged 10 to 11 months, made rhythmic circular movements when exposed to their distorted image as though attempting to correct the distortion. This change in response indicates the child may have some idea of his image and perhaps recognizes the distorted image is wrong. Amarked change in response changes when a child reaches 18 to 22 months of age. The child avoids both images, having begun to develop a self-image which does not match the mirror image. From 2 to 5 years, the child has developed a definite self-image which is recognizable in the mirror, since the child literally flees the distorted image. Children ages 7 to 10 had reached a levei of cognitive development which allowed them to laugh at the distorted images, play with the mirror and observe the changes they could effect.
Crescer magazine 1992
Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
Text:
How to get the most enjoyment from your color TV set
Your new color TV incorporates a host of features designed to give you excellent performance. Besides, this model utilizes a highly sophisticated control microprocessor that can give you unprecedented convenience and control in the areas of picture adjustment, channel tuning, monitor operation, on-screen information, and remote control.
We therefore strongly urge that you read all of these instructions before using your TV for the first time.
Installation
Antenna
Unless your TV is connected to a cable TV system, or to a centralized antenna system, a good outdoor color TV antenna is recommended for the best performance. However, if you are located in a strong signal area that is free from interference and ghost conditions (multipath), an indoor antenna may be sufficient. The two pole antenna packed with this set is for your convenience only. It is not capable of providing you with the sharp detail and rich color that this television was designed to display.
Location
Select an area where sunlight or bright indoor illumination will not fall directly on the picture screen. Also, be sure that the location selected allows a free flow of air to and from the perforated back cover of the set.
Note
Never remove the back cover of the set. This can expose you to very high voltage and other hazards.
If the set does not operate properly, unplug it and call your dealer or service shop.
(Fonte: Color Television – Operating Instructions.)
The word BESIDES in the first paragraph means:
Conheça nossos planos