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Q1820810 Inglês

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    One school of thought which is widely accepted by many language teachers is that the development of our conceptual understanding and cognitive skills is a main objective of all education. Such conceptual understanding is arrived at not through ‘blind learning’, but through a process of discovery which leads to genuine understanding (Lewis 1986: 165). The things we learn for ourselves are absorbed more effectively than things we are taught.

    The practical implications of this view are quite clear: instead of explicitly teaching the present perfect tense, for instance, we will expose students to examples of it and then allow them, under our guidance, to work out for themselves how it is used. Instead of telling students which words collocate with crime, we can get them to look at a computer concordance of the word and discover the collocations on their own. Instead of telling them about spoken grammar we can get them to look at transcripts and come to their own conclusions about how it differs from written grammar. What we are doing, effectively, is to provoke ‘noticing for the learner’.


(HARMER, Jeremy. The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Longman, 2007. pp. 72-73. Adaptado)

The examples provided in the second paragraph illustrate a teacher very much concerned with
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Q1820809 Inglês

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    One school of thought which is widely accepted by many language teachers is that the development of our conceptual understanding and cognitive skills is a main objective of all education. Such conceptual understanding is arrived at not through ‘blind learning’, but through a process of discovery which leads to genuine understanding (Lewis 1986: 165). The things we learn for ourselves are absorbed more effectively than things we are taught.

    The practical implications of this view are quite clear: instead of explicitly teaching the present perfect tense, for instance, we will expose students to examples of it and then allow them, under our guidance, to work out for themselves how it is used. Instead of telling students which words collocate with crime, we can get them to look at a computer concordance of the word and discover the collocations on their own. Instead of telling them about spoken grammar we can get them to look at transcripts and come to their own conclusions about how it differs from written grammar. What we are doing, effectively, is to provoke ‘noticing for the learner’.


(HARMER, Jeremy. The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Longman, 2007. pp. 72-73. Adaptado)

A proposal such as the one pictured in the excerpt is directed to teachers who believe that
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Q1820808 Inglês

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Culture is really an integral part of the interaction between language and thought. Cultural patterns of cognition and customs are sometimes explicitly coded in language. Conversational discourse styles, for example, may be a factor of culture. Consider the “directness” of discourse of some cultures: in the United States, for example, casual conversation is said to be less frank and more concerned about face-saving than conversation in Greece, and therefore a Greek conversation may be more confrontational than a conversation in the United States, In Japanese, the relationsltip of one’s interlocutor is almost always expressed explicitly, either verbally and/or non-verbally. Perhaps those forms shape one’s perception of others in relation to self.


(Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. P. 211. Adaptado)

Note the use of the passive in “Casual conversation is said to be less frank than conversation in Greece”. Another correct use of an impersonal passive is found in alternative
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Q1820807 Inglês

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Culture is really an integral part of the interaction between language and thought. Cultural patterns of cognition and customs are sometimes explicitly coded in language. Conversational discourse styles, for example, may be a factor of culture. Consider the “directness” of discourse of some cultures: in the United States, for example, casual conversation is said to be less frank and more concerned about face-saving than conversation in Greece, and therefore a Greek conversation may be more confrontational than a conversation in the United States, In Japanese, the relationsltip of one’s interlocutor is almost always expressed explicitly, either verbally and/or non-verbally. Perhaps those forms shape one’s perception of others in relation to self.


(Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. P. 211. Adaptado)

The examples in the text about conversational discourse styles mean that
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Q1820806 Inglês
São exemplos de gêneros textuais propícios ao trabalho em sala de aula:
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Respostas
6: E
7: B
8: A
9: B
10: E