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Q922429 Inglês
Does cartoon violence make kids more aggressive?



(1) Lots of parents question the violence in many of today's cartoons and video games, but many of us grew up watching Tom & Jerry, The Road Runner, and other animated favorites where violence was also a key ingredient.
(2) So was humor – and the reassurance that no matter what happened, no one ever got hurt; at least not fatally. Everything always ended well. In fact, you can argue that aggression and hostility has been the linchpin of cartoons and fairytales forever.
(3) What is Sleeping Beauty without the evil threat of the jealous witch, or Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs without a near-fatal dose of poison that confronts children, perhaps for the first time, with the notion of suddenly losing a loved one?
(4) Research and cartoon violence
(5) Professor L Rowell Huesmann, senior research professor at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, in the USA, says there is little difference between the Tom & Jerry era of cartoons and the violence in cartoons now.
(6) "Except more graphic violence produces more desensitization," he says. The author of a number of studies on media violence and aggressive behavior in children, Professor Huesmann says there's evidence that exposure to media violence can lead to aggressive behavior and ideas, provocation and anger in viewers.
(7) Australian parenting expert Michael Grose agrees, but says some children are more predisposed to being affected by media violence than others. "Often it depends on what sort of kids they are. Young people who live at the edges, who don't fit in, the loners who spend excessive amounts of time internalizing certain videos – they are more susceptible," Michael says. He believes cartoons are good for children. "It prepares them. It actually personifies the unknown to them." And it presents conflict, drama and pain in a manner that is indirect and impersonal – it happens to Wile E. Coyote, never to anyone else.
(8) Why today's violence is different
(9) The difference with graphic violent games and cartoons of today, says Michael, is that violence is indiscriminate and often perpetrated by the heroes themselves, for immediate reward. "It brings it out in kids, gives them permission, shows them how to do things. Particularly boys who are more hardwired to do that."
(10) The research community isn't all in agreement, however. Experts such as Professor Jonathan Freedman of the Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada, don't believe media violence is necessarily related to aggressive behavior in children.
(11) In published articles, he questions whether watching violence produces violence or desensitizes people to it. He points to Japanese cartoons, traditionally much more violent than American ones, to back his theory. Japanese are in general, a very polite, non-aggressive people, he has reportedly argued. (...)

Disponível em http://www.schoolatoz.nsw.edu.au/technology/using-technology/does-cartoon-violence-make-kids-moreaggressive. Acesso em: 4/07/2018
Observe o trecho:
What is Sleeping Beauty without the evil threat of the jealous witch, or Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs without a nearfatal dose of poison that confronts children, perhaps for the first time, with the notion of suddenly losing a loved one? (3º parágrafo)
Considerando o contexto, assinale a alternativa que traz a sequência das palavras destacadas CORRETAMENTE traduzidas para o Português.
Alternativas
Q910185 Inglês
The words balloon, plane and dirigible airships, in bold in the text, are different kinds of ______________
Alternativas
Q856467 Inglês

                       Domestic violence victims denied justice: state of Roraima

                                    fails to investigate, prosecute abusers


      June 21, 2017

      The authorities in the Brazilian state of Roraima are failing to investigate or prosecute domestic violence cases, leaving women at further risk of abuse, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The serious problems in Roraima, the state with the highest rate of killings of women in Brazil, reflect nationwide failures to provide victims of domestic violence with access to justice and protection.

      Killings of women rose 139 percent from 2010 to 2015 in Roraima, reaching 11.4 homicides per 100,000 women that year, the latest for which there is data available. The national average is 4.4 killings per 100,000 women—already one of the highest in the world. Studies in Brazil and worldwide estimate that a large percentage of women who suffer violent deaths are killed by partners or former partners.

      Only a quarter of women who suffer violence in Brazil report it, according to a February 2017 survey that does not provide state-by-state data. Human Rights Watch found in Roraima that when women do call police they face considerable barriers to having their cases heard. Military police told Human Rights Watch that, for lack of personnel, they do not respond to all emergency calls from women who say they are experiencing domestic violence. Other women are turned away at police stations. Some civil police officers in Boa Vista, the state´s capital, decline to register domestic violence complaints or to request protection orders. Instead, they direct victims to the single “women’s police station” in the state – which specializes in crimes against women – even at times when that station is closed. Even when police receive their complaints, women must tell their story of abuse, including sexual abuse, in open reception areas, as there are no private rooms to take statements in any police station in the state.

      Not a single civil police officer in Roraima receives training in how to handle domestic violence cases. Some police officers, when receiving women seeking protection orders, take statements so carelessly that judges lack the basic information they need to decide whether to issue the order. Civil police are unable to keep up with the volume of complaints they do receive. In Boa Vista, the police have failed to do investigative work on a backlog of 8,400 domestic violence complaints.

(Human Rights Watch. www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/21/ brazil-domestic-violence-victims-denied-justice. Adaptado)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “Instead, they direct victims to the single ‘women’s police station’ in the state”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
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Q846086 Inglês

      This news is about an 84-year-old woman from the UK. Her name is Ursula and she left school in 1944 unable to read. She had no time to learn to read because she had to look after her ill parents.

      Ursula felt sad that she could not read the papers or books like other people. She decided to learn to read now, in her 80s. She hopes that she can inspire other people to read too.

According to the text, the meaning of the words ill parents is:
Alternativas
Q799768 Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

                Police in England and Wales consider making

                             misogyny a hate crime

               


        Mark Townsend

        September 10, 2016

        Police forces across England and Wales are considering expanding their definition of hate crime to include misogyny (hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women, or prejudice against women) after an experiment in one city that saw more than 20 investigations launched in two months.

        The initial success of Nottingham’s crackdown against sexist abuse has drawn national interest after the city’s police revealed that they investigated a case of misogyny every three days during July and August, the first months to see specially trained officers targeting behaviour ranging from street harassment to unwanted physical approaches.

        Several other forces have confirmed they are sending representatives to Nottingham this month to discuss the introduction of misogyny as a hate crime. Police and campaigners said the initial figures were broadly in line with other categories of hate crime such as Islamophobia and antisemitism but were likely to rise significantly as awareness increased.

        Dave Alton, the hate crime manager for Nottingham police, said: “The number of reports we are receiving is comparable with other, more established, categories of hate crime. We have received numerous reports and have been able to provide a service to women in Nottinghamshire who perhaps would not have approached us six months ago. The reality is that all of the reports so far have required some form of police action.”

                                                                                      (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo – The initial success of Nottingham’s crackdown against sexist abuse... –, o termo destacado em negrito tem sentido equivalente, em português, a
Alternativas
Respostas
16: C
17: B
18: C
19: E
20: D