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Ano: 2024
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CBM-PA
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2024 - CBM-PA - Oficial do Corpo de Bombeiros |
Q2350474
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-II
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is
a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan
parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. About 6-7 million people worldwide
are estimated to be infected with T. cruzi. The disease is found
mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American
countries, where it has been mostly transmitted to humans and
other mammals by contact with feces or urine of triatomine bugs
(vector-borne), known as kissing bugs, among many other
popular names, depending on the geographical area.
Chagas disease is named after Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano
Chagas, a Brazilian physician and researcher who discovered the
disease in 1909. Chagas disease was once entirely confined to
continental rural areas of the Region of the Americas (excluding
the Caribbean islands). Due to increased population mobility
over previous decades, most infected people now live in urban
settings and the infection has been increasingly detected in the
United States of America, Canada, and many European and some
African, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific countries.
Chagas disease’s transmission is caused by T. cruzi
parasites, which are mainly transmitted by contact with
feces/urine of infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs. Normally
they hide during the day and become active at night when they
feed on animal blood, including human blood. They usually bite
an exposed area of skin such as the face (hence its common
name, kissing bug), and the bug defecates or urinates close to the
bite. The parasites enter the body when the person instinctively
smears the bug’s feces or urine into the bite, other skin breaks,
the eyes, or the mouth. T. cruzi can also be transmitted by
consumption of food or beverages contaminated with T. cruzi
through, for example, contact with feces or urine of infected
triatomine bugs or common opossums. This kind of transmission
typically causes outbreaks with more severe cases and mortality;
passage from an infected mother to her newborn during
pregnancy or childbirth; blood or blood product transfusion from
infected donors; some organ transplants using organs from
infected donors; and laboratory accidents.
Internet: <who.int> (adapted).
Choose the option in which is presented an expression that could
correctly replace “Due to” (third sentence of the second
paragraph of text 1A2-II).
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259750
Inglês
Phonetic transcription contains a lot of information about
the exact quality of the sounds The phonetic symbol for
the initial consonant sound in “charm” is [tʃ]. The same [tʃ]
sound is found in alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259744
Inglês
Texto associado
Um conceito essencial para o trabalho com gêneros de
texto é o de capacidades de linguagem. A primeira delas é a
de ação. A capacidade de ação trata das representações que
o agente produtor do texto tem sobre o contexto em que o
gênero será produzido.
A segunda capacidade de linguagem envolvida na produção textual é a discursiva. Pode-se dizer que ela diz respeito aos tipos de discurso e aos tipos de sequências predominantes que um determinado gênero apresenta. A terceira
capacidade é a linguístico-discursiva. É com ela que o aluno
desenvolverá seu texto lançando uso correto das coesões
nominais e verbais, da coerência ao longo da produção, da
modalização do discurso e do paralelismo presente na sua
construção.
(E. Lousada, et alii. A elaboração de material didático
para o ensino de Língua inglesa: um estudo preliminar
baseado na noção de gênero de texto. In DAMIANOVIC, M. C. (ed).
Material Didático: Elaboração e Avaliação.
Taubaté: Cabral - Editora e Livraria Universitária.
2007. pp. 204-6. Adaptado)
The last sentence mentions the importance of
“parallelism” in the construction of texts. There is a
parallelism error as to the use of noun phrases in
alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259742
Inglês
Texto associado
Most teachers recognise the need for the students’
awareness about the potential relevance and utility of the
language and skills they are teaching. And researchers have
confirmed the importance of this need.
In ESP (English for specific purposes) materials, for
example, it is relatively easy to convince the learners that
the teaching points are relevant and useful by relating them
to known learner interests and to ‘real-life’ tasks, which the
learners need or might need to perform in the target language.
In general English materials this is obviously more difficult; but
it can be achieved by researching what the target learners
are interested in and what they really want to learn the
language for. An interesting example of such research was a
questionnaire in Namibia which revealed that two of the most
important reasons for secondary school students to wish to
learn English were so they would be able to write love letters
in English and so that they would be able to write letters of
complaint for villagers to the village headman and from the
village headman to local authorities.
Perception of relevance and utility can also be achieved
by relating teaching points to challenging classroom tasks
and by presenting them in ways which could facilitate the
achievement of the task outcomes desired by the learners.
The ‘new’ learning points are not relevant and useful because
they will help the learners to achieve longterm academic or
career objectives, but because they could help the learners to
achieve short-term task objectives now. Of course, this only
works if the tasks are begun first and the teaching is then
provided in response to discovered needs. This is much more
difficult for the materials writer than the conventional approach
of teaching a predetermined point first and then getting the
learners to practise and then produce it.
(B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. pp 11-2. Adaptado)
The preposition “for” can convey a variety of meanings. It
indicates a purpose in the fragment in alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Aeronáutica
Órgão:
EEAR
Prova:
Aeronáutica - 2023 - EEAR - Sargento da Aeronáutica – BMA – Mecânico de Aeronaves |
Q2201218
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer the question.
From space, astronaut sounds the alarm about climate
crisis
The Associated Press
A French astronaut has used a video call from space to
sound the alarm about worsening repercussions from climate
change that he can see ______ the International Space
Station.
Entire regions of Earth in flames. Storms trailing
destruction in their wake. And the haunting fragility of
humanity’s only home floating like a blue — but also
tarnished — pearl in the vastness of space.
Through the portholes ______ the International Space
Station, French astronaut Thomas Pesquet has an arresting
view of global warming’s repercussions. He used a video call
from space to sound the alarm Thursday, as negotiators,
government officials and activists continued meeting at a
U.N. climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland.
“We see the pollution of rivers, atmospheric pollution,
things like that.”
“We saw entire regions burning from the space station,
______ Canada, in California,” he said. “We saw all of
California covered ______ a cloud of smoke and flames with
the naked eye from 400 kilometers (250 miles) up.”
Adapted from https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/spaceastronaut-sounds-alarm-climate-crisis-80972311. Access on October 25th.
Mark the alternative that contains the correct sequence
of words to complete the text.