Questões Militares de Inglês - Palavras conectivas | Connective words
Foram encontradas 28 questões
Ano: 2015
Banca:
Exército
Órgão:
EsPCEx
Prova:
Exército - 2015 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2° Dia |
Q616990
Inglês
Texto associado
We’re so well educated – but we’re useless
Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite
being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant
when it comes to basic life skills.
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive.
I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning,
probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing
experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my
modern education.
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from
their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – a
working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves distinctions
in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all
their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a
professional handyman or tailor.
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow
our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these
things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption.
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class
that isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of
some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language
and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where craftsmanship
and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information. We
need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but are also able to act for
themselves.
Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/
mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless
In the sentence “Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical
skills." (paragraph 4), the word besides can be replaced by
Q574626
Inglês
Texto associado
What do police officers do?
By Emma Woolley
The primary responsibility of police officers is to protect the
public, or if commissioned, the person, group or organization
to which they are assigned. Through detecting and preventing
crime, police officers strive to maintain law and order in their
respective jurisdictions.
Most new police officers work in general duty in patrol
divisions, which provides a broad range of experiences
and assignments. General duty policing involves patrolling
assigned areas to enforce laws, protect public safety, and
arrest criminal suspects – either by car, foot, bicycle, or in
some cases, horse.
Police officers can also do some or all of the following:
Investigate accidents and crime scenes; secure evidence and
interview witnesses; testify in court; collect notes and reports;
provide emergency assistance to victims of natural disasters,
crime, and accidents; engage in crime prevention, safety, and
public information programs; participate in media relations;
and supervise and manage the work of other police officers.
Working as a police officer can be one of the most
diverse career experiences, as specializations ranging in the
hundreds are available. With a few years of service (usually
four or more), he or she can move into areas such as criminal
identification, drug investigations, sexual assault, fraud, major
case and/or crime management, surveillance, aircraft security,
explosives disposal, police dog services, and many more.
Police officers must be available for shift work at any time
of day and any day of the week, including holidays. Shifts
tend to be longer than the standard eight-hour office day.
Even though many regular police duties are routine in nature,
the job can also be dangerous, as well as physically and
emotionally stressful.
(http://careerbear.com/police-officer/article/
what-do-police-officers-do. Adaptado)
In the last sentence from the text – Even though many regular police duties are routine in nature… – the phrase in bold expresses a relationship of
Q393305
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder às questões:
The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law
by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014
A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.
(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)
The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law
by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014
A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.
(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)
No trecho final do último parágrafo – Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months. –, o termo otherwise equivale, em português, a