Questões Militares Sobre falso cognatos | false cognates em inglês

Foram encontradas 9 questões

Ano: 2026 Banca: IDECAN Órgão: CBM-MG Prova: IDECAN - 2026 - CBM-MG - Cadete BM |
Q4349455 Inglês

Read the text to answer the question.

 

To begin the dialogue on cultural identity, it is essential to establish a baseline understanding the concept. Culture can be defined by the “totality of that group’s [a community or population] thought, experiences, and patterns of behavior and its concepts, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and how those evolve with contact with other cultures.” Cultural identity refers to people who identify themselves with a specific cultural group that has a shared system of symbols and norms for conduct. Recognition of this identity facilitates others’ understanding of the opportunities and challenges faced by individuals within a cultural group. To assist in understanding the basics of cultural identity, symbols and narratives as elements of culture will be examined in this section.

As many of our judgments are based on external observations, it should not be surprising that identities are shaped through use of symbols. According to sociologist Erik Cohen, the use of symbols in defining identity is a universal human trait. Symbols are employed in value systems such as religion, nationalism, social ideologies, and ethnicity. There are times when symbols become so significant to an existing cultural group’s identity that they stand out amongst all other symbols, dominating the narrative of cultural identity of that group. Dominant symbol systems provide “a set of stories, images, landscapes, scenarios, historical events, national symbols, and rituals which represent the shared experiences, sorrows, and triumphs and disasters which give meaning to the nation.” Therefore, understanding how complex symbol systems function and transmit meaning can help with assessing the motivations that underlie a cultural group’s actions. This is key to developing appropriate engagement strategies with cultural groups in urban environments.

Cultural groups use narrativesas a conduit for conveying messages. Narratives can be used as an analytical framework for understanding a wide spectrum of human activities. The stories conveyed through narrative can be viewed as building-blocks of identity in that they enable cultural groups to understand who they are and what they are in relation to others external to their group. In the search to understand cultural identities, knowledge of a cultural group’s narrative is “instructive for understanding how decisions might have come about, the motivations for actions, the causal assumptions drawn, and the arguments put forward, as well as a variety of other actions or variables. ”Therefore, it can be deduced that the future urban environment an Army may find itself operating within will witness a multitude of competing narratives, which may be further exacerbated by competition over limited resources and power.

Source: https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/Online-Exclusive/2015-Online-Exclusive-Articles/Cultural-Identity/ Acess: 03/19/2026.

Considering the distinction between true cognates and false cognates, as well as basic word formation processes in English, choose the alternative in which the lexical and/or morphological analysis is correct.
Alternativas
Q4189442 Inglês
Leia os textos a seguir para responder à questão:


     Do certain people actually have a “knack” for learning foreign languages? Anecdotal evidence would suggest that some people are indeed able to learn languages faster and more efficiently than others. One way of looking at such aptitude is the identification of characteristics of successful language learners. Risk-taking behavior, memory efficiency, intelligent guessing, willingness to communicate, low anxiety, and ambiguity tolerance are but a few of the many variables that have been cited

(Brown, H.D., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2014. Adaptado)

    Historically, research on language aptitude has been a roller-coaster ride. John Carroll’s (Carroll & Sapon, 1959) pioneering work on aptitude, embodied in the Modern Language Aptitude Test (MLAT), began the quest. The MLAT asserted the predictability of number learning, sound discrimination, pattern discernment, and memorization for future success in a foreign language. This test, and some others, were used for some time in such contexts as Peace Corps volunteer training programs and military communications courses to help predict successful language learners.

(Brown, H.D., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2014. Adaptado)
Check the alternative in which the highlighted word functions as a true cognate.
Alternativas
Ano: 2025 Banca: UERJ Órgão: CBM-RJ Prova: UERJ - 2025 - CBM-RJ - Oficial Combatente |
Q3214466 Inglês

2024 USHERED IN TWO FIRSTS FOR MILITARY WOMEN. WE’RE ALL CELEBRATING.



PETULA DVORAK Adaptado de washingtonpost.com, 15/01/2024.

Take that, society. (l. 6)

The choice of the underlined expression suggests the following attitude towards society’s expectations:

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Ano: 2024 Banca: IDECAN Órgão: CBM-MG Prova: IDECAN - 2024 - CBM-MG - Oficial - Cadete |
Q3231807 Inglês
Cognates are words in different languages with a common origin, often retaining similar meanings and forms due to their shared linguistic roots. False cognates are words in different languages that look or sound similar but have different meanings. Understanding the distinction between cognates and false cognates is crucial to avoid misunderstandings and improve accuracy in communication. Thus, choose the alternative in which all words are cognates of portuguese.
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Q2259755 Inglês
      Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those created by humans, educators worry students may use it to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
       Research demonstrates that students are more likely to cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead of getting a good grade.
      An important way to boost students’ confidence is to provide them with opportunities to experience success. For example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are recommended by other sources. 

(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com. 06.06.2023. Adaptado)
Read this short except.
There are three areas where our behaviour can directly influence our students’ continuing participation: goals and goal setting; learning environment; interesting classes.

(J. Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Longman, 2007. Adaptado)

The task proposed in the last paragraph of the text on ChatGPT illustrates the following motivational behavior on the part of teachers:
Alternativas
Q1814788 Inglês
   The body of officers representing the civil authority of government is known as police. Police typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. These functions are known as policing. Police are often also entrusted with various licensing and regulatory activities. However, police scholars have criticized this popular understanding of the word “police” — that it refers to members of a public organization having the legal competence to maintain order and enforce the law — for two reasons. First, it defines police by their ends rather than by the specific means that they use to achieve their goals. Second, the variety of situations in which police are asked to intervene is much greater than law enforcement and order maintenance.
   There is now a consensus among researchers that the common feature among all the different agencies engaged in policing is the legal competence to enforce coercive, nonnegotiable measures to resolve problematic situations. Such situations are characterized by their potential for harm and the need to solve them urgently before they develop that potential. Hence, the actual use of coercion or the threat of using it allows police to put a quick, nonnegotiated, and conclusive end to problematic situations.

Internet: <www.britannica.com> (adapted). 

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “actual” means present.

Alternativas
Q922534 Inglês

Ainda sobre o texto 1, assinale a alternativa cujas palavras destacadas são, de acordo com o contexto, FALSAS COGNATAS.


I He said, “you realize that there simply is no other option for you out there.” (4º parágrafo).

II. Younger people are less interested in farming, and look for economic opportunities in other, more appealing industries. (7º parágrafo)

III. The trend is extreme in sub-Saharan Africa, where 60 percent of the total population is under the age of 25. And you can find similar figures in other regions. (6º parágrafo)

IV. In his presentation, Mabaya warned against overgeneralizing about the entire African continent. (5º parágrafo)

V. Nevertheless, Mabaya emphasized, there is a lot to be optimistic about. (9º parágrafo)


Estão CORRETAS apenas

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Q481765 Inglês
imagem-007.jpg

The only false cognate is in alternative
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Q670084 Inglês
“terrific”, (line 4), is opposite to
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Respostas
1: B
2: C
3: A
4: B
5: A
6: E
7: D
8: D
9: B